"stone"
Shi Shuozi, that is, the stone specially prepared for the exam, is rectangular, with places on both sides that can be dug with fingers, but not deep. It is also divided into number three, number one is 300 kg, number two is 250 kg and number three is 200 kg.
"one step"
It is the skill of not riding a horse, that is, stepping and shooting.
Wushu system in Qing dynasty
Graded examination
The martial arts in Qing Dynasty was conducted according to the procedure of the list of items, and the examination was roughly divided into four grades. (1) Children's test: conducted in the county government, with Wu Xiucai as the successful candidate. (2) After the provincial examination, it was held in the provincial capital, and the candidate was Wu. (3) The exam was held in Beijing, and the winner was Wu Jinshi. (4) palace examination: Those who have passed the examination and obtained the qualification of Wu Jinshi are divided into three grades through palace examination (also known as Tingkao), which is called "the top three products". A Jia is the top three, and the first place is Wu Zhuangyuan; Two are Wu Bangyan and three are Wu. The top three were called "Ding Jia" and were awarded the qualification of "Wudihe". More than a dozen people were awarded the qualification of "backstage for Wu Jinshi". Those below dimethyl belong to the top three and are also awarded.
Court examination and his appointment.
The specifications of the court examination are very high. Generally, the emperor takes the exam himself. After the entrance examination was announced, the hall of supreme harmony called the roll, and the list was hung outside the West Chang 'an Gate, giving the top scholar Wu Jiazhou. Then patrol the camp to escort the champion Wu to the first place to show off his honor. The next day, a grand "trial banquet" was held at the Ministry of War, including the armor and broadsword of the champion Wu. Awarded to scholars and silver respectively. In the Qing Dynasty, there were great differences in the grades of Kejia, who were also Wu Jinshi, but the grades and honors of the first, second and third armor were quite different. The champion is naturally out of the limelight. Within three days after he ranked third, he could wear red clothes and be praised in the street. This is really the so-called spring breeze, and there are scenery everywhere. After the court examination, the Ministry of War usually awarded the official position immediately.
In the third year of Shunzhi (1646), Xu Bing was the first martial arts school in Qing Dynasty. At that time, it was stipulated that the champion of Wu State was awarded to the requisitioners, the champion of Wu State was awarded to the Mitsui guerrillas, and the champion of Wu State was awarded to the requisitioners. The second level is a five-level garrison, and the third level is a five-level garrison. During the reign of Kangxi, there was another change, and it was changed to a semi-battalion, which was an official who directly led the troops; The other half are court guards. In the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), Wu Zhuangyuan was awarded the first-class bodyguard of the Imperial Command, Wu Bangyan and the second-class bodyguard, and the top ten were awarded the third-class bodyguard. The rest were registered with the Ministry of War and were given garrison duties. After Yongzheng, the titles of Wu Jinshi were changed in different dynasties, but the order of titles was basically customized in Kangxi Dynasty.
The exam is divided into three parts.
Martial arts examinations at all levels in the Qing Dynasty were generally held once every three years, and the number of students admitted to each subject was also fixed. However, in addition to regular courses, the so-called "Cohen" is often added, and a little "grace" is added to the regular amount. This kind of "Cohen" and "favor" was directly controlled by the emperor. It is nothing more than winning the hearts of the people and absorbing more brave people to serve the rulers. The examination method is similar to that of the Ming Dynasty, which is divided into one, two and three sessions. One or two games tried the skill of bowing horses, which was called "outfield"; On the martial arts classics, called "infield". As soon as I take the test, I will shoot an arrow, and Sanma will gallop, and nine arrows will be presented. If three arrows hit the target, they are qualified. Those who fail to reach three arrows are not allowed to participate in the second game. During the Qianlong period, a horse shot "the earth", commonly known as "taking off the hat", was added to examine the shooting ability.
Two exams, stepping and skill courage. The so-called "technical courage" is actually mainly to measure brawn. One * * * three items. Pull the hard bow with the head, and the bow score is 12 force, 10 force, 8 force No.3, and there are bows with 12 force or more. Candidates can choose their own bow number, limited to three times, and each time they are full. Biathlon broadsword is divided into three sizes:120kg,100kg and 80kg. The knife tester must first read the knife from left to right and dance flowers on his chest. Knife number is optional, subject to one-time completion. The third item is to bring Shi Shuozi, which is a stone specially prepared for the exam. It is rectangular, and there are places on both sides where you can dig with your fingers, but it is not deep. It is also divided into number three, number one is 300 kg, number two is 250 kg and number three is 200 kg. There are more than 300 kilograms of Shi Shuo in the examination room. Candidates with a stone number choose to lift the stone mace between the chest and abdomen, and then expose the left and right sides of the bottom of the stone Shuo once with the help of abdominal strength, which is called "sacrificial seal" and is qualified once. All candidates must have two first and second scores in bow, knife and stone, and no more than two third scores will be considered unqualified, and the qualification for three exams will be cancelled.
The third game was the examination paper, which was called "Wencheng" at that time, also called "infield", which was equivalent to the cultural examination. For most soldiers, infield examination is more difficult than outfield examination, so the examination methods have to be changed frequently. At first, it was to test strategies and discuss articles. "Strategy" is equivalent to asking questions, and "theory" is to write an argumentative paper according to the questions. Shunzhi is divided into two parts, namely, two parts of strategy and two parts of theory, and the topics are selected from four books and military books. During the Kangxi period, it was changed to one product and two products. The topics are from Sun Tzu, Woods and Sima Fa, and the topics are only from The Analects of Confucius and Mencius, so the examination is less difficult. During the Qianlong period, it was changed to one question and one question, all of which were selected from the Five Classics and Seven Books. During the Jiaqing period, considering that there were too many martial artists to write, most of the strategies adopted were unqualified, and many excellent outfielders were often defeated in the infield, they simply abolished the strategy theory and wrote a paragraph of seven books on the martial arts as required, usually only about 100 words. This blind accommodation makes the infield examination level lower and lower, and in the end it is almost a formal existence. At that time, there was a strong tendency to discriminate against martial arts practitioners in society. After this change, the Martial Man was regarded as a vulgar Martial Man by the literati, and his social status was no worse than that in the early Qing Dynasty.