Wang Jiayi (1995), on the basis of summarizing the essence of western teaching research, further explained the essence of teaching research according to the viewpoint of Marxist epistemology, holding that teaching research is essentially a cognitive activity, a value activity and an artistic activity, and summarized four characteristics of teaching research: 1. Teacher-student interaction runs through all aspects of teaching research; 2. Pay attention to microscopic and psychological research; 3. Multiple factors are intertwined; 4. The universality of the results is low [1].

Pei Xinning (1998) understands teaching research as "a creative cognitive activity that takes teaching problems as the object, relies on scientific methods and aims at exploring teaching rules" [2], and relatively emphasizes the exploration of "rules" and the cognitive function of teaching research.

Li Dingren (2000), a predecessor of teaching theory, thinks that "teaching research is to use scientific theories and methods to study the phenomena in the teaching field purposefully and consciously, so as to explore and understand the teaching rules and improve the teaching quality" [3]. While paying attention to the rules, he puts his foothold on "improving the teaching quality".

Wang Jiayi. The Essence and Characteristics of Teaching Research [J]. Educational Research, 1995(8).

[2] Pei Xinning, Wang Maojiang. Reflections on current teaching research [J]. Shandong Education, 1998(Z2).

[3] Li Dingren. On Teaching Research [J]. Educational Research, 2000( 1 1).