Ye Qu Wei

( 1)

Yasunari Kawabata is a famous Japanese writer and the winner of Nobel Prize in Literature in 1968.

When Kawabata Yasunari was one or two years old, his parents died. When he was a teenager, his grandmother and sister died one after another. From then on, he lived alone with his blind and hard-of-hearing grandfather, immersing this sensitive teenager in sadness and casting a lonely shadow in his childish mind. At the age of sixteen, Kawabata Yasunari had a premonition that his grandfather was about to die and decided to record his dying scene. So he wrote the Diary of Sixteen. This is not only the sketch of the author's painful reality, but also the poetry permeated in the cold reality, which also reveals the clue of Kang Cheng's creative talent here.

The young Yasunari Kawabata is brilliant. In his early years, he broke into the forest and extensively hunted ancient and modern world masterpieces and Japanese masterpieces, especially the Tale of Genji. Although he didn't understand the meaning of this famous book, he only read the pronunciation and appreciated the beautiful lyrical tone of the article, but he was still deeply attracted by its style and rhythm. This experience had a profound influence on his later literary creation. Later, when he was writing, the song-like melody of his youth still echoed in his heart. He began to crave literature. When he was in the third grade of middle school, he bound the poems and manuscripts he had written in the past into a book. It can be seen that Kang Cheng, a teenager, began to have a sense of literati, and his initial desire for writing has sprouted.

In middle school, he made countless contributions, and began to doubt his creative talent and seriously consider whether his talent could become a writer. 19 16, as a fourth-grade middle school student, he published a practice novel "Lift the Teacher's Coffin" in Tuanluan magazine, and he often wrote essays and novels for the article world. Article World held a poll to elect "Twelve Scholars", and Yasunari Kawabata ranked 1 1. For teenagers who are determined to become writers, this is a great encouragement and a memorable year. There were many aspiring writers among his classmates before college. They talked about literature together, discussed the current situation of the literary world, and discussed the Russian literature that was very popular in Japan at that time, which made him from the countryside suddenly enlightened and benefited a lot. During this period, he published his exercise "Thousand Generations" in the school's alumni association magazine. He described his love story with three girls of the same name with a touch of brush strokes.

In college, Kawabata Yasunari and his classmates who love literature challenged the existing literary world. Reform and update literature and art, reissue the sixth issue of "New Thoughts", and publish the first novel "Soul Festival Scene" in the inaugural issue of the magazine, which successfully describes the tragic life of circus actresses and is praised by literary and art veterans. Kawabata Yasunari's name first appeared in the Yearbook of Literature and Art, marking the official entry of literary youth into the literary world.

After Kawabata Yasunari published "The Scene of the Soul Festival", his fiancee Ito Kazuo broke off her engagement because of frustration in love. He is disillusioned with happiness, and often goes to Izutang Island with melancholy feelings, and writes down the unfinished Memories of Tangdao. After that, in order to tell and vent his depression, he wrote short stories "Melancholy in Lin Jinhua" and "Celebrities Attending Funeral" for the magazine with his own pen. At the same time, under the interweaving of love and hate, he wrote a series of novels, such as Extraordinary, Fire in the South and The First Work. Some of them are written directly based on his love affairs, and some are fictional. To sum up, Kawabata Yasunari's creation at this stage mainly describes the life of orphans, shows his deep nostalgia and grief for his deceased relatives, describes his own love twists and turns, and describes his frustrated troubles and sorrows. These novels constitute a remarkable feature of Kawabata Yasunari's early works. The sentimental tone of these works, as well as the difficult loneliness and melancholy, runs through his whole creative career and becomes the main tone of his works. Kawabata Yasunari himself said: "The orphan's sorrow has become the undercurrent of my first novel", "Maybe it is the undercurrent of all my works and the whole career."

(2)

1924 After graduating from university, Yasunari Kawabata stepped into the society and began his literary creation life. Together with Heng Guangli and others, he actively launched the literary movement of the New Sensation School, published famous papers, expounded the new tendency of new writers, and created a few works with some characteristics of the New Sensation School, such as Emotional Decoration, Spring Scenery, Asakusa Red Bunch and so on. , and didn't make much achievements. He is even called "a heresy in the new sensation school". Later, he publicly stated that he didn't want to be their fellow traveler and was determined to take his own unique literary road. His representative works "Dancer of Izu" and "Snow Country" were born under such circumstances.

The orphan's temperament distorts Kawabata Yasunari's temperament, and his heart is full of suffocating melancholy. On a trip to Izu, he met a touring artist and a young dancer, who was treated equally for the first time. He said that he was a good man, and he suddenly developed a pure friendship with her. Similarly, the discriminated and humiliated dancers meet such friendly middle school students and treat them as equals, which naturally arouses emotional waves. They established a sincere and frank friendship with each other, and they also showed a little love for each other. Kawabata Yasunari turned this experience into art, that is, the novel Dancer of Izu presented to readers.

"Snow Country" describes the protagonist Komako, as a geisha, growing up in a humiliating environment, suffering from the misfortune and pressure of life, studying hard, practicing skills, pursuing a "serious life" and longing for the true love that ordinary women deserve. However, as a practical problem, it is difficult to realize in that society. What she pursues is actually an ideal, extreme, sad, illusory and actually non-existent love. However, Shimamura, the leading actor, regards her serious attitude towards life and sincere love as "a kind of beauty in vain". In a sense, this story is a fairly accurate artistic summary of Japanese society at that time.

The achievements of The Dancer of Izu and Snow Country are mainly manifested in two aspects: First, it created a new path in art. Kawabata Yasunari once blindly imitated western modernist literature and completely inherited the tradition, but he did not give up his new artistic pursuit, and constantly summed up his experience and actively explored the combination of tradition and modernity. On the basis of absorbing the advantages of western literature, his Dancer of Izu made a new attempt to maintain the traditional color of Japanese literature. "Snow Country" brings the combination of the two to the extreme, giving the work a stronger Japanese color. Secondly, from the beginning of Snow Country, Kawabata Yasunari's creation has formed his own creative personality in content and form, that is, to depict the character and fate of the lower class girls with lyrical pen and ink, and the lyrical picture runs through the warm praise of pure love, the hazy yearning for a beautiful love ideal, and the undisguised rendering of the impermanence and futility of life. The psychological description of the characters is more delicate and rich, which shows the writer's passionate creative personality.

Kawabata Yasunari is a very successful writer, and his achievements are various, including novels, essays and comments. In his creative career of half a century, he wrote more than 500 novels (including palm print novels 140), which accounted for 25 volumes in the 37-volume Complete Works of Kawabata Yasunari. These novels, except Men in Tokyo and Born as Women, are generally within 80,000 to123,000 words. Kawabata's novels are not only rich in content, but also have reached a high level in art. Kawabata Yasunari's novels clearly showed his artistic personality and characteristics at the early stage of creation, and gradually formed his own unique style. In the whole creative practice, although his style has developed and the tone of his works has changed, strong or weak, there is no fault and no fundamental change. The basic characteristics he laid and completed in the early and middle period of his creation are: lonely subjective emotional color, melancholy and sentimental lyrical sentiment, human feelings and humanitarian spirit, nihility and decadent thoughts. However, the later works are often more complex and diverse, running through double or multiple consciousness. Such as celebrities, ancient capitals and dancers, mainly show the pursuit of art and persistence in life and tradition. Writers have made new explorations in the ideological and artistic aspects of their creation and made great achievements. Taking Thousand Cranes, The Sound of Mountains, Sleeping Beauty and One Arm as the representatives, on the one hand, it deeply discusses the normal and abnormal emotions of human beings and the complexity of their adaptation to the evolution of human nature; On the other hand, the pursuit of sensual enjoyment and the rendering of morbidness are more or less stained with decadent colors. Therefore, they not only show the main theme of human life, but also show the variation of life. In the form of novels, pure literature is the main part of his novels, as well as intermediate novels, boys and girls novels, autobiographical novels, reportage novels and other novel forms. The novella is a novel form between pure literature and popular novels, and its representative works are: Tokyo Man, Girl's Eyes Open, Story of a Riverside Town, Road in the Wind, Born as a Woman, Rainbow Several Times, Memories of Youth, Jade Ring, etc. These intermediate novels pay attention to both the artistry of pure literature and the popularity of popular novels. Boys' and girls' novels are mainly for college and middle school students. Their representative works include A Girl's Harbor, Diary of Flowers, School Flower, Beautiful Journey, Parents' Heart, A Teacher's Coffin on His Shoulder, etc. With love as the main theme, they describe the feelings of parents and children, brothers and sisters, teachers and students, learning friendship and so on. In Kawabata Yasunari's works, some heroes and heroines treat each other with love even if they meet by chance, expressing pure friendship. In front of young readers, a series of works for boys and girls painted a picture of the beauty of human feelings and spirit for boys and girls and played a song of youth. It is not limited to art, and it is of great significance and enlightenment to promote people to re-examine oriental culture. It can be said that he has made his own contribution to the development of Japanese literature and the exchange of eastern and western literature, and won a wide reputation. In Japan, Yasunari Kawabata's name has been recorded in the Ju Chi Prize (1944). Art Academy Award (1952), Wilderness Literature Award (1954) and Daily Publishing Culture Award (196 1). 1953 was elected on 196 1 as an academician of the Academy of Art, the highest honor institution of Japanese literature and art, in recognition of his successful leadership of the Japanese International Pen Club and his achievements in the creation of Beasts, Snow Country, Celebrities, Thousand Cranes and Mountain Sound. The Japanese government described the symbol of Japanese beauty with unique style and strong feelings, and accomplished unprecedented creation. 1957 was awarded the "Goethe Gold Medal" by the West German government. 1960 was awarded the medal of art and culture by the French government. 1968 won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his three masterpieces, Snow Country, Ancient Capital and Thousand Cranes. Anders Austrin, Executive Director of the Literature Award of the Royal Swedish Academy and Chairman of the Nobel Prize in Literature Selection Committee, delivered his acceptance speech, emphasizing:

"Mr. Kawabata Yasunari is obviously influenced by modern European realism, but Mr. Kawabata Yasunari also clearly shows this tendency: he is faithfully based on Japanese classical literature and maintains and inherits the pure traditional Japanese literary model. In Mr. Kawabata Yasunari's narrative skills, you can find a poem with a slender charm. "

"Mr Kawabata Yasunari's award has two important meanings. First, Mr Kawabata Yasunari showed the cultural consciousness of morality and ethics with superb artistic techniques; The second is to contribute to building a spiritual bridge between the East and the West. "

Anders Austrin finally read the inscription of the certificate: "This certificate aims to commend your outstanding sensitivity and your novel skills, which show the essence of the Japanese mind."

Yasunari Kawabata delivered an award-winning speech entitled "I am in beautiful Japan" in the auditorium of Swedish College. He inherited the classic traditions of Zen Buddhism, including the novels of Xuandaoyuan, Mingren, Xixi, Heyixiu Zongchun, Akutagawa, and The Collection of Ancient and Modern Harmony Songs, Ise Tale, Genji Tale, Pillow Grass and Oriental. Later, the species went to the United States twice to give a speech entitled "The Existence and Discovery of Beauty" at the University of Hawaii and its branches, and gave a speech entitled "The Beauty of Japanese Literature" during Japan Week in San Francisco. These three speeches are also three beautiful articles, which comprehensively and systematically discuss the traditional beauty of Japanese literature, become Yasunari Kawabata's theory of Japanese beauty and Japanese art, constitute his unique aesthetic theory system, and shine brilliantly in Yasunari Kawabata's literature. Faced with these achievements, honors and status, Yasunari Kawabata described his feelings in the article Yuan Ye in the Sunset: "Honor and status are obstacles. Too much talent will make artists weak-willed, so fragile that they can't stand suffering, and even their talents can't be exerted. On the other hand, reputation can be the root of talents ... If you are an honorary citizen all your life, your mood will be heavier. I hope to get rid of all fame and set me free. "

Behind Kawabata Yasunari's award, there is unspeakable content. ...

Three years after obtaining Nobel Prize in Literature, Yasunari Kawabata died suddenly in April of 1972 and 16, and Yasunari Kawabata did not leave a suicide note. But as early as 1962, he said: "It is best not to leave a suicide note. Silent death is infinitely alive. "