Edison invented the story of tungsten lamp:
1878 In September, Edison began to study electric light, but because of Edison's economic problems, he had to seek financial support, so he set up a joint-stock company to provide financial support for the experiment. Soon, Lore found several shareholders who were willing to pay for Edison's electric light research. However, Edison failed many times and soon spent 50 thousand dollars. The beliefs of some shareholders began to waver. Edison tried hard to persuade the shareholders to give Edison another $50,000.
1879 65438+1October 2 1, the electric lamp was successfully developed. He tried nearly 1600 materials for this purpose, and the filament of this electric lamp was burned out after 45 hours of continuous use. This is the first electric lamp with wide practical value. This kind of electric lamp includes "high resistance incandescent lamp" and "carbonized cotton filament lamp".
From 65438 to 0880, Edison sent assistants and experts all over the world to find suitable bamboos, about 6000 species, of which carbon fibers made of Japanese bamboo are the most practical, which can last for more than 1000 hours, achieving the purpose of durability. This kind of lamp is called "carbonized bamboo filament lamp".
188 1 year, at the Paris World Expo, Edison exhibited a 27-ton power generation device, which could be illuminated by 1200 electric lights.
1883, Edison observed that a copper wire was sealed in the light bulb, which he thought could prevent the carbon wire from evaporating and prolong the life of the light bulb. After repeated experiments, although the carbon wire evaporated as before, he found that there was a weak current passing through the copper wire after the carbon wire was heated, which was later called "Edison effect" 1904 British physics.
Personal data:
Thomas Alva Edison (1847, February11-1,10, 10/8) was born in Milan, Ohio. Inventors and entrepreneurs.
Edison was the first person in human history to use a large number of production principles and electrical engineering research laboratories to patent inventions, which had a great and far-reaching impact on the world. His invention of the phonograph, movie camera and electric light had a great influence on the world. He had more than 2,000 inventions and 1000 patents in his life.
The story that Einstein invented the electric light (I know) was invented by Edison, right?
Do you really know?
What is the story of Einstein's invention of electric light? The electric light was invented by Edison.
Edison, a great inventor, invented many things in his life. However, only electric lights can be warmly welcomed by people immediately. Because the benefits of electric light are tangible. Its appearance means that people have another sun, and people's activities are no longer limited by night objects.
As early as 182 1, British scientists David and Faraday invented an electric lamp called an arc lamp. This kind of electric lamp uses carbon rods as filaments. Although it can emit light, it is dazzling, consumes a lot of electricity, has a short life and is not practical.
"Arc lamp is not practical. I must invent an electric light with soft light for thousands of families to use. " Edison made up his mind.
So, he began to experiment with this material as a filament: using traditional carbon ribbon as a filament, the filament broke as soon as it was electrified. Ruthenium, chromium and other metals are used as filaments. After being electrified, it will burn out at one o'clock. Using platinum wire as filament is not ideal. In this way, Edison experimented with 1600 kinds of materials. After repeated trials and failures, many experts believe that the future of electric light is bleak. Some famous British experts even ridiculed Edison's research as "meaningless". Some reporters also reported: "Edison's ideal has become a bubble."
Edison didn't flinch in the face of failure and some people's cynicism. He understands that every failure means a step closer to success.
Once, Edison's old friend Mackenzie visited him. Edison looked at Mackenzie's long beard as he spoke, and suddenly his eyes lit up and said, "Mr. Beard, I want to use your beard." Mackenzie cut a lock and gave it to Edison. Edison confidently selected a few thick beards, carbonized them and put them in the light bulb. Unfortunately, the test results are not ideal. "Then try it with my hair, maybe it's ok." Mackenzie said.
Edison was deeply moved by the spirit of his old friend, but he knew that hair and beard were the same, so he didn't take the old man's advice. Edison left to see the kind old man off. He helped the old man flatten the cotton-padded clothes he was wearing. Suddenly, he shouted again, "Cotton thread, why not try cotton thread?"
Mackenzie unbuttoned his coat without hesitation, tore off a piece of cotton cloth and handed it to Edison. Edison put the cotton thread in a U-shaped closed crucible and treated it at high temperature. Edison clamped the carbonized cotton thread with tweezers. Get ready to put it in the light bulb. However, because the carbonized cotton thread was thin and brittle, and Edison was too nervous, his hands with tweezers trembled slightly, and the cotton thread was cut off. Finally, Edison managed to put a carbonized cotton thread into the light bulb.
When night fell, Edison's assistant pumped the air out of the bulb and put it on the lamp holder. Everything is ready, and everyone waits for the result quietly. When the power is turned on, the light bulb emits golden light, which illuminates the whole laboratory. After 13 months' efforts, we tried more than 6,000 kinds of materials for more than 7,000 times, and finally made a breakthrough.
But how long will this light energy last?
1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours ... The lamp was on for 45 hours before the filament burned out. This is the first electric lamp with practical value. This day-1879101October 2 1 day was later designated as the electric light invention day.
"45 hours is still too short, and its life must be extended to hundreds or even thousands of hours." Edison did not revel in the joy of success, but put forward higher requirements for himself.
One hot day, he took a bamboo fan from the table and thought about it while fanning it. "Maybe a thousand pieces of bamboo silk will have a better effect after carbonization." Edison just wanted to try everything he saw. The test results show that the bamboo filament is very effective, the filament is durable, and the bulb can be lit for 1200 hours.
After further experiments, Edison found that it was the best to use carbonized Japanese bamboo filament as filament. So he began to mass-produce electric lights. He installed the first batch of light bulbs produced on the research ship "Garnett" so that researchers could have more working hours. Since then, electric lights have been used in ordinary people's homes.
Later, people have been using this kind of light bulb with bamboo filaments. After decades, it was improved, that is, tungsten wire was used as the filament, and inert gas nitrogen or argon was filled into the bulb. In this way, the life of the light bulb is prolonged a lot. This is the light bulb we use now.
Why did Einstein invent the electric light? The electric light was not invented by Einstein, but by Edison.
Edison invented the electric light, so that people can continue to work with it in the dark, thus improving production efficiency. When he was a child, his mother needed an operation because of a serious illness. At that time, it was impossible to operate in a dark room, so Edison reflected the candlelight to one point with a mirror to help the doctor complete the operation. After this experience, Edison made up his mind to invent an invention that can emit brighter light than candlelight at night, so he invented the electric light. Edison invented the electric light, so that people can continue to work with it in the dark, thus improving production efficiency.
Einstein invented the story of truancy. 1995 Spring, Einstein 16 years old. According to the laws of Germany at that time, only when the boy left Germany before the age of 17 could he not have to come back for military service. Because of his hatred of militarism and unbearable being alone in the barracks-like Louis Polder Middle School, Einstein decided to leave Germany and go to Italy to reunite with his parents without asking their opinions. However, what if I drop out of school and can't get my diploma later? Einstein, who has always been honest and simple, came up with a self-righteous idea in a hurry. He asked the math teacher to give him a certificate to prove that his math scores were excellent and he reached the university level early. I got a sick note from a familiar doctor, saying that it was neurasthenia and I needed to go home and rest. Einstein thought that with these two proofs, he could escape from this disgusting place. Who knows, before he applied, the dean called him and ordered him to drop out of school on the grounds that he corrupted the class spirit and disobeyed the school discipline. Einstein blushed. For whatever reason, he was willing to leave this middle school and didn't care about anything. He just suddenly felt guilty that he had come up with a cunning idea but it didn't come true. Einstein felt guilty every time he mentioned it later. Perhaps this kind of thing is far from his frank and sincere character.
Albert Einstein (1March 87914-1April 95 18), a world-famous Jewish-American scientist, the pioneer and founder of modern physics, the proposer of the theory of relativity and the' mass-energy relationship', and the "deterministic explanation of quantum mechanics" (. 199 12.26, Einstein was selected as "the great man of the century" by American Time magazine. Einstein 1900 graduated from Zurich University of Technology and became a Swiss citizen. 1905 received a doctorate in philosophy from the University of Zurich. Working in the Berne Patent Office. Professor, Zurich University of Technology, German University in Prague. 19 13 He returned to Germany, served as the director of the Institute of Physics of Emperor William in Berlin and a professor at the University of Berlin, and was elected as an academician of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. 1933, persecuted by Nazi regime, moved to the United States, served as a professor at Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies, engaged in theoretical physics research, and became an American citizen from 1940. When Einstein was a child, one day the German imperial army passed through the streets of Munich, and curious people flocked to the window to cheer. The children were fascinated by the soldiers' shiny helmets and neat steps, but Einstein hid in fear. He despised and feared these "monsters in war" and asked his mother to take him to a country where he would never become such a monster. In middle school, his mother met Einstein's request and took him to Italy. Einstein gave up his German citizenship, but did not apply for Italian citizenship. He wants to be a carefree citizen of the world. ...... After World War II, Einstein tried to base his dream of world peace on reality and delivered a series of "peace" speeches in "enemy countries". His thoughts and actions led to his death: a Russian aristocratic female assassin with imperialist ambitions secretly pointed the gun at him; Albert Einstein's name also appeared on the blacklist of German right-wing assassins; Hitler offered a reward of twenty thousand marks for his head. In order to keep himself in harmony with the world, Einstein had to move from Italy to the Netherlands and from the Netherlands to the United States. He became an American citizen. He believes that in America, people from all walks of life can survive in a barely passable friendship. (Excerpted from the Academic Monthly of Applied Writing (No.5-6, 1985), Einstein's introspection was a period of physical change at the end of 19 century. Einstein re-examined the basic concepts of physics from the experimental facts and made a fundamental breakthrough in theory. Some of his achievements greatly promoted the development of astronomy. His quantum theory has a great influence on astrophysics, especially theoretical astrophysics. The first mature aspect of theoretical astrophysics-stellar atmosphere theory is based on quantum theory and radiation theory. Einstein's special theory of relativity successfully revealed the relationship between energy and mass, adhered to the determinism position of quantum theory explanation of "God does not roll dice" (vector sum of particle vibration and translation), and solved the long-standing problem of star energy source. In recent years, more and more high-energy physical phenomena have been discovered, and special relativity has become the basic theoretical tool to explain this phenomenon. His general theory of relativity also solved a mystery in astronomy for many years, and deduced the phenomenon of light bending that was later verified, which became the theoretical basis of many astronomical concepts later. Einstein's greatest contribution to astronomy is his cosmology. He founded relativistic cosmology, established a static finite and infinite self-consistent dynamic universe model, and introduced new concepts such as cosmology principle and curved space, which greatly promoted the development of modern astronomy.
What did Einstein invent? What stories did Einstein invent? Albert Einstein was born in Germany from 65438 to 0879. He has made outstanding achievements in scientific research all his life, the most outstanding of which is that he proved the existence of atoms by experiments, founded the theory of relativity and developed the quantum hypothesis put forward by Planck. Einstein, a famous German physicist, made outstanding contributions to the development of modern physics all his life. His most outstanding achievement is to break through the framework of Newton's classical physics and create a miniature high-speed sports field.