The uncertainty behind it shows the importance of the topic. Indeed, translating a book and turning over its title is a key link.
Secondly, the proper handling of "preface" and "content introduction" in translation.
Look at the preface or preface, the author's words, the editor's words, etc. In Chinese literature, if the author (or editor-the same below) doesn't write it himself, others will preface it.
Always write praise and praise, praise the author's wisdom; Courage, perseverance, level and so on. However, according to the author's own actions, there are often one or two sentences like this: "Water
Limit, mistakes or inappropriate places in the book are inevitable. I hope readers will criticize and correct me. ""the level is limited, the time is hasty, and mistakes are inevitable. Please correct me. " "still belong to
Grassroots, time is hasty, sparse? Nbsp | ~ There are many areas that need to be improved and enriched. I hope readers will criticize and correct me. "Modesty is the traditional virtue of China people. auxiliary power unit
Writing these words in the document can not only express the author's modest and rigorous academic attitude, but also imply that his work is not necessarily academic research in a certain field.
The peak is probably behind the scenes. It should be said that on the whole, these words make people respect the author more.
1. It is extremely important to properly explain some important events or political movements in the history of China. A brief introduction to a book on the legal system construction in China begins with the following comments: Since the Third Plenary Session of the CPC Central Committee, the National People's Congress has passed a series of laws. Foreigners who know more or less about China may know that China began to implement the reform and opening-up policy in the late 1970s, but they are not necessarily clear about the decision of the Third Plenary Session on strengthening socialist democracy and legal system construction. So the translator added a few words when translating this sentence. The whole sentence goes like this: under the guidance of the policy of developing socialist democracy and improving the socialist legal system formulated by the Third Plenary Session. Since 1979, The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CCCPC) Election Conference, NPC and its Standing Committee have enacted many important laws. In this way, people will know the connection between the Third Plenary Session and the laws enacted by the National People's Congress.
There are many seemingly insignificant words or phrases, which make it difficult for foreign readers to understand their exact meaning, and sometimes even lead to misunderstanding. The resumes of people in China Personal Names Dictionary are basically underlined by the establishment of New China, and a person's experience is divided into two stages. So almost every explanation has "since the founding of the People's Republic of China". Or "after the founding of the People's Republic". Another example is China Acupuncture Dictionary, which is a highly professional Chinese dictionary. For foreigners, words like "during the Anti-Japanese War" and "since the founding of New China" often appear. In this case, foreign languages press generally requires translators to choose clear and easy-to-understand words first, and it is best to add time when they first appear. For example, "since the founding of the People's Republic of China" is translated into "Republic of China1949; During the Anti-Japanese War, of course, it should be translated into War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period.
"Translation" in biochemical terms: In the process of protein synthesis, the nucleotide residue sequence existing in mRNA representing polypeptide is converted into the amino acid residue sequence of polypeptide chain.
What is translation?
Translation is the work of manipulating languages, that is, the process of replacing the text of another language with the text of one language (J.C. Cartford, 1994).
"Translation is the process of changing the phonetic product of one language into the phonetic product of another language, while keeping the content and meaning unchanged." (Bakhudarov, 1985)
"Translation is to find a natural equivalent in the receiving language that is as close as possible to the information in the source language, first meaning, then style." (Nida, UK, 1969)
"Translation is a special way to transmit information between languages, which is closely related to the choice of language behavior." (wolfram Wells, 1982)
"Translation is a cross-cultural information exchange activity, and its essence is communication." (Lv Jun, 1997)
For example, among many definitions, which one is more accurate and appropriate? To answer this question, let's first look at the translation activity itself.
There are many specific forms of translation, such as interpretation, translation and machine translation. From the material form of translation, it is manifested in the selection and combination of various symbol systems, which can be divided into four categories:
(1) Phonetic language symbols, that is, the spoken language of natural language, are expressed in the form of telephone communication, internal and external negotiations, reception of foreign guests, etc.
(2) Silent language symbols, including text symbols and image symbols, are displayed in printed matter such as negotiation resolutions, social letters, telegrams, newsletters and various literary works;
(3) Audio nonverbal symbols, that is, so-called "language-like" symbols with sounds but no syllables in communication, are commonly used in the following ways: special stress, intonation change, laughter and applause. Such symbols have no specific syllables and their semantics are not fixed, and their information is spread in a certain language environment. For example, laughter may be loaded with positive information or negative information, and applause can spread welcome and applause.
(4) Silent nonverbal symbols, that is, various body language symbols, are expressed as silent accompanying language symbols such as human actions, expressions and costumes. Such symbols have distinct national cultures, such as some actions of people, and the semantic information expressed in different national cultures is completely different. Not only that, but also can strengthen the effect of oral communication. For example, if appropriate body language is supplemented in conversation, the expression effect of oral English will be obviously enhanced.
These four kinds of symbols can not only express the translated original code, but also express the translated decoding, that is, they can be used as material carriers of the original code or decoding alone, or they can be composed of two, three or four decoding or original code carriers together.
From the procedural point of view of translation operation, it actually includes three links: understanding, transformation and expression. Understanding is to analyze the original code and accurately grasp the information expressed by the original code; Conversion is the application of translation techniques, such as interpretation or translation, selection and combination of various symbol systems, extension and condensation, to convert the information expressed in the original code into equivalent information in decoding; Expression means accurate expression in the new language system.
The form and content of translation are so complicated that it is very difficult to abstract the philosophical definition of translation. Many scholars at home and abroad have made great efforts to this end. Different people have different opinions, and they have summarized and summarized translation activities from different angles.
Among many definitions, some scholars (such as Lv Jun, 1997) put translation into the research scope of communication science, and regarded translation as a branch of communication science, which gave us beneficial enlightenment:
This shows that translatology is an open and dynamic system, which pays full attention to many other factors that affect the process of information dissemination, such as communication mode, communication channel, communication purpose, different communication objects and so on. We can learn from the research results of other disciplines more widely or play an influential and guiding role in the research of other disciplines.
Many translation forms mentioned above can be summarized as follows: Translation is actually a special form of information dissemination. In fact, the whole translation activity is a kind of social information transmission, which is characterized by a series of interactive relationships among communicators, communication channels and recipients. Different from the ordinary communication process, translation is carried out between two cultures. The symbols chosen by the operator are no longer the original symbol system, but produce cultural code changes, but the principle is the same as that of ordinary communication.
_ _ _ _ To sum up, you can first translate some books to gain popularity in the industry, starting with theoretical knowledge and then practicing.
_ _ _ _ You can add my number. I am also an interpreter in the editorial department. If you don't understand anything, you can discuss it with each other.