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Niccolo Paganini

Paganini (Paganini nicolo Paganini, 1782- 1840)

Italian violin master and composer. Born in northern Italy, near the Mediterranean port of Genoa. My father is a small businessman with little education, but he loves music very much. He is an amateur of guitar and mandolin. His father taught him to play the mandolin and hired a theater violinist to teach him the violin. Then he studied with the most famous violinist in Genoa. His musical talent was fully demonstrated in his childhood, and he could easily play any piece at once. At the same time, he also learned to compose music. Write a violin sonata at the age of eight. 1 1 years old, held a public concert in Genoa and achieved great success. /kloc-started traveling and performing at the age of 0/3. When he was fourteen or fifteen, Rudolf, a famous French violinist? Rudolf Rodolphe Kreutzer, who devoted himself to Beethoven's Rudolf Rodolphe Kreutzer Sonata, was shocked after listening to his performance, and could hardly believe his ears. 1805, violin solo by Luga court band. After 1825, he traveled all over Vienna, Germany, Paris and England, and he also played guitar and viola. In his "Twenty-four Capriccios", he showed superb skills. His skills influenced later violin works and piano skills and works. His works include Concerto in bE Major, Twenty-four Capriccios, Witch's Dance, Endless Movement, Venice Carnival, Army Sonata, Napoleon Sonata, Love Scene, Witch and Violin Concerto in D Major. In addition, there are 200 guitars and various chamber music. 1840 On the night of May 27th, this man, known as the "God of violin" and "King of music", passed away at the age of 58.

He studied piano in his early years, and then went to Genoa and Palma to study. At the age of nine, he performed on the stage for the first time. At the age of thirteen, he traveled all over Vienna, Germany, Paris and England, and also played guitar and viola. In his "Twenty-four Capriccios", he showed amazing talent.

His performance brought the violin skills to an unparalleled height, and made an indelible contribution to the development of violin performance art, which not only influenced later violin works, but also influenced piano skills and works. He also used guitar skills to play the violin, which greatly enriched the expressive force of the violin. Due to the secrecy of his skills, he published few works before his death, most of which were published after his death. His works include Concerto in Bay Major, Capriccio 24, Witch's Dance, Endless Music, Venice Carnival and so on.

Paganini's father is a businessman who loves music. When Paganini was three years old, he began to teach him violin playing skills, and later asked him to learn from violinist Servito Costa. Paganini wrote his first violin sonata when he was 8 years old, and he can play the concerto of violinist and composer Bougel. Joined the orchestra of the Municipal Opera House at the age of 9. 1 1 years old, he performed his own variations. /kloc-when he was 0/2 years old, he adapted "Caamano La" into variations and put it on the stage, which was a great success and caused a sensation in the media. Then he went to Palma, where he studied under the most famous violinist Lola and conductor Parr. After returning home, I spend about 12 hours practicing my works every day. /kloc-started traveling and performing in northern Italy at the age of 0/3. After 1797, his piano music spread all over France, Austria, Germany, Britain, Czech Republic and other countries. His superb playing skills once made Lola, a sick teacher, jump off the hospital bed and feel ashamed of being a teacher. Rodolfo Croce, a famous French violinist, listened to Paganini and was stunned by his amazing skills. He even wrote in his diary: "It's like seeing a vision of the devil." Therefore, people also call Paganini's performance "the devil's performance".

1800, Paganini was a great success wherever he performed, earning a lot of money, but he lost all his money because of his gambling habit. It is said that his father was also a gambler, who once lost a bet on Paganini's violin. When Paganini was worried about the lack of a piano, a French businessman named Pierre Rivolon lent him a famous piano "Kalongpo" made in Guarneri, which greatly enhanced the playing effect and achieved great success. Rivolon was very moved and said to Paganini, "This famous piano is for you, but please remember never to give it to others." Paganini was grateful and kept this agreement all his life. After his death, later generations gave the violin to the Geneva Museum for collection according to his will.

During the five years from 180 1, he suddenly lived in seclusion. Some people say that he is practicing guitar and farming, while others say that he is hiding because he is in love with an elderly rich widow. During this period, he completed six sonatas for violin and guitar. 1805, 23-year-old Paganini returned to perform all over Italy. His playing skills further developed, and he was hired by Napoleon's sister Lisa Bonaparte Baggio as the music conductor of Pianbino. After the three-year contract expired, Paganini disappeared again. 18 14 came back and held concerts of his own works in many Italian cities. 1828' s performances in Vienna, 183 1 in Paris and London all caused a sensation. 1833 settled in Paris. 1839 went to Marseille, then went to Nice and died here.

Paganini developed modern violin playing skills and became the most famous violinist in Europe. His playing skills are superb, his expression is rich, he is emotional, fascinated and fascinating. He often improvises brilliantly at concerts. To show off his skills, he even deliberately broke one or two strings on the violin and then continued playing on the remaining strings. His works and playing skills make almost all European artists awe, such as literary masters Stendhal, Balzac, Menet, Dumas, music masters Chopin, Schumann, Liszt and so on. They were all excited by his performance. He had a great influence on the music creation of Chopin, Berlioz and especially Liszt. Berlioz also wrote a symphony "Harold in Italy" for Paganini at his invitation. Although Paganini never played this song (perhaps because of his lack of talent), he generously gave Berlioz 20,000 francs.

Paganini has made great achievements in art, but at the same time, he suffers from diseases. He has been plagued by diseases since he was a child, and he has survived several times in his life. At the age of 46, my gums were suddenly covered with pustules and I almost had all my teeth pulled out. As soon as the tooth disease happened, he contracted a serious eye disease, and his sick young son became his "crutch". After 1828, his performances became less and less. After the age of 50, arthritis, gastroenteritis, laryngeal cancer and other diseases kept coming to him. Later, his vocal cords were broken and he became dumb. He can only rely on his son to communicate with others according to his mouth translation, which shows that his achievements in life are hard-won.

Paganini is an outstanding violinist and composer, but he refused to publish his own works in order to hide his original playing skills. After his death 10 years, his works were edited and published, including: 50 excellent violin pieces, and some of the contents of "Twenty-four Capriccios" were adapted into piano pieces by Liszt, Schumann, Brahms, Rachmaninov and others; 12 sonatas for violin and guitar, including 6 violin, viola, cello and guitar quartets; Six violin concertos, among which Violin Concerto No.2 (Bell) in B minor is his masterpiece. Its main feature is exquisite playing skills, especially the first and second movements echo each other from a distance, which is wonderful and charming and worthy of its title of "bell". As soon as the work 185 1 was published, Liszt immediately adapted it into a piano etude of the same name. The original and adapted versions of "Shuang Shuang Qu" have been handed down to later generations and are still common in concerts. He also composed 200 guitars and other chamber music works.

First of all, Master Dan Xian.

Italian violinist and composer Paganini (1782- 1840) is a legend. He wrote and played many violin solo exercises. His incredible stunt on the G string is said to have been practiced in prison. He was once imprisoned for killing his wife, and the guards allowed him to play the violin with only one string as a pastime, so he practiced real kung fu on this G string.

1805 In March, Napoleon's sister Luca and Princess Irina Kaptelova Bachecochi of Pi Wengbo invited him to be a court musician and play at a court concert every two weeks. The princess suspected that his overtones stimulated her nerves and often left before he finished playing, but she still appreciated his genius and creativity and often encouraged him to explore new effects on the violin.

At that time, a lady fell in love with him and asked him to write a love scene played with only two strings. He used e string to represent women and played the melody of seeking love; Representing a man with a G string, he gave a warm answer. Finally, the two sounds on the G string and the E string are combined into a duet of love. The lady was deeply moved by his performance.

The princess praised Paganini to the sky. She said to him in the most euphemistic tone, "You just played a piece of music that is unparalleled in Kubinashi with two strings. Can you play your genius on a string? " Paganini promised to give it a try. A few weeks later, he really wrote an army sonata (Op. 3 1) with G strings, entitled Napoleon. In August, this work was played in front of a large court audience. His later works, such as Marie-Louise Sonata (Op.65), recitative and three aria variations, are also "one-string exercises" specially played by G-string.

Second, the faithful explorer of guitar art

The name Paganini is always closely associated with the violin. However, little is known about Paganini's achievements in guitar. In fact, Paganini can not only play the guitar, but also be a guitarist. Paganini gave up public violin playing activities for several years in order to concentrate on learning guitar.

The classical guitar art in Europe once flourished in the18th century, which was inseparable from the efforts of several guitar artists at that time, such as Sol, aguado and Giuliani. After the death of these outstanding figures, European classical guitar art tended to decline for a time, and it was not until the middle and late19th century that it was revived.

Paganini studied guitar when the classical guitar art was at a low ebb. He organically transplanted many guitar playing techniques to the violin, which greatly enhanced the expressive force of the violin. Paganini left a lot of violin works and guitar music in his life, all of which are fine works of art. Interestingly, his violin music is almost famous for its difficult skills, while guitar music is rarely "showy" and most of them are simple and beautiful.

Paganini is an important figure in the history of guitar art, not only because he left a few precious guitar songs, but more importantly, he helped guitar art at low tide and made indelible contributions to the revival of guitar art in the middle and late19th century.