Chen Ziang (AD 66 1 ~ AD 702) was born in Shehong, Zizhou (now Sichuan). As a former right gleaner, he was later called Chen gleaner. His poems are magnificent, profound and vigorous, and Chen Boyu has handed them down from generation to generation. When Chen Ziang was a teenager, his family was rich and generous to Ren Xia. As an adult, I began to study hard, read widely and be good at writing. At the same time, he cares about state affairs and demands political achievements. 24 years old, a scholar, promoted to the right, dare to speak. When Wu Zetian was in power, she was clean and cruel, killing innocent people. He is not afraid of persecution and has written many times to advise him. Wu Zetian plans to dig Shu Mountain and attack Qiang people through Yazhou Road. He also wrote against it and advocated sharing interest with the people. His remarks are relatively straightforward, often not adopted, and he was once jailed because of the involvement of "anti-Party" in framing Wu Zetian. In 686, he went to Juyanhai and Zhangye River in the northwest with the army of Zuobuqiao Zhi Zhi. Long live the first year (696), Li, a Khitan loyal to Sun Wanrong, defected and went to Jian 'an with the army. Joining the army twice made him have a deeper understanding of the frontier situation and the lives of local people. In the first year of the solar calendar (698), my father died shortly after being dismissed. During the mourning period, Wu Sansi, the powerful minister, ordered a public prosecution against Duan Jian in Shehong County. Wrongful death in prison (Shen Yazhi's Book of Zheng Shizhen in Jiujiang).
Historical evaluation
& lt Evening in Lexiang County is a five-law, which was written by Chen Ziang when he went to Beijing from his hometown and stayed in Lexiang County, Xiangzhou. Grain Rain said: "No syntax, no grammar, naturally." Following the four masters, Chen Ziang stood up against the rule of Qi Liang's poetic style with a firmer attitude, and showed a distinct spirit of creation and innovation in theory and practice. Chen Ziang's thought is very complicated. He is good at crossing Ren Xia, but the Confucian spirit of statecraft is still the dominant aspect of his thoughts. From many of his political essays, we can see his foresight in understanding national security and his enthusiasm for caring about people's sufferings. For example, in the recitation of "Shang Chuan An", he was worried about the invasion of Qiang people, expressed deep sympathy for the unemployed and fleeing Sichuan people, and angrily accused officials of greed, embezzlement and deprivation of people. His lectures and political comments were quoted four or five times in Zi Tong Zhi Jian. Wang Fuzhi's Zi Zhi Tong Jian thinks that Chen Ziang is not only a scholar's choice, but also a minister's material, which is completely correct. His political enthusiasm is the driving force of his poetry innovation.
In the famous Preface to the Pearl Show, Chen Ziang once put forward a positive proposition of poetry innovation: Oriental style comes first; the article is flawed, which has been in the Han and Wei dynasties for 500 years, but the literature is worth textual research. In his spare time, the servant tasted the poems between Qi and Liang, full of colorful and complicated poems, but he was absolutely willing to send them. Every time I sigh through the ages, I often fear decadence and elegance when I think about the past. Yesterday, I saw the "Three Lonely Tung Fu", which is full of vigor and vitality, full of sound and emotion, brilliant, and trained in gold. Then decorate your vision with your heart and play the melancholy down. I don't want to start the sound, but I will see it again; Can make Jian' an authors smile at each other. ..... In the history of the development of Tang poetry, Chen Ziang's essays are like a declaration, marking the innovation and transformation of the poetic style in the Tang Dynasty. As we know, Liu Xie and Zhong Rong opposed the poetic style of formalism in the Southern Dynasties and once held high the tradition of "comparison" and "character". Wang Bo opposed the style of court poetry before and after The Dragon, and accused them of being "spineless and lifeless". Chen Ziang inherited their thoughts, pointedly pointed out that the poetic style of Qi Liang worshipped by the court poets in the early Tang Dynasty was "colorful but not vulgar", and pointed out that the glorious traditions of "elegance and vulgarity" and "Han Wei style" were pioneer examples of creation, which realized the real innovation of poetry content under the banner of advocating retro. The attitude is very firm, the flag is very clear, and the call is very strong. "Ji Xing" and "Feng Gu" are the primary issues related to the life of poetry. The essence of "good luck" is to require poetry to carry forward the tradition of criticizing reality and has a distinct political tendency. The essence of "style" requires poetry to have noble and rich thoughts and feelings and rich and substantial realistic content. Judging from the situation at that time, only by realizing the real innovation of content can poetry undertake the mission of the times. At the same time, we should also see that due to the active efforts of poets such as the "four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty", new styles of Tang poetry have emerged, people are increasingly dissatisfied with the style of court poetry after Qi and Liang Dynasties, and the time for poetry innovation is more mature. Chen Ziang's innovative proposition at this time has not only theoretical significance, but also practical significance; It not only attacked the stale poetic style, but also opened the way for the new poets and poetic styles that were budding and growing at that time.
Chen Ziang's poetry creation clearly and powerfully embodies his innovative ideas. Thirty-eight Love Poems is the main work that embodies this innovative spirit. These poems were not written at the same time. Some satirize reality, feel current events, and some express their life experiences and ideals. The content is broad and rich, and the thoughts are also contradictory and complicated. First of all, it is worth noting those frontier poems with strong reality, such as: looking at the county in the clouds and looking at Taiwan Province in the north. Hu Qin is so close to you, and Sha Shuo is so energetic! Born in Tianjiaozi, madness is back. The castle wall is unknown and the pavilion is empty. Duh, why do I sigh? People are drawing grass. This is his work when he began to explore the north. In the poem, he expressed deep indignation at the incompetence of the generals and the continuous violation of the border people by the Hu people. In the article "The North Wind Blows the Sea Trees" written during his expedition to Youzhou, he also expressed deep sympathy for the suppression of patriotic enthusiasm of frontier fortress soldiers.
The article "Clouds and Dusks at the Age of Ding Hai" more clearly reveals the militaristic behavior of Wuhou attacking Tubo through Shushan. These contents have initially broken through the pan-imitation atmosphere of traditional frontier poems on ancient themes. He also satirized the shortcomings of Wuhou's internal affairs. In the poem "Saints don't care about themselves", he accused Wuhou of carving Buddha statues and building Buddhist temples, wasting manpower and material resources to kill Buddha. In the poem "It's hard to be proud of a noble man", he even bravely satirized the style of trusting and killing his generals. From these realistic poems, we can clearly see that his political ambition is closely related to his poetic innovation thought. The poems he wrote about his life experience are also very touching: Lan Ruo was born in spring and summer, where is it? You are alone in the forest, and Zhu has purple stems. It's getting late and the autumn wind is coming. Years old, China is teetering, but what is the significance of Fang? Here, the artistic conception of scattered vegetation and withered beauty in Chu Ci expresses the deep anguish that the beautiful ideal cannot be realized. However, in different times and circumstances, his frustration turned into anger and generosity. Such as: Ben is your son, and he really loves talent all his life. Homesickness, draw your sword and start Artemisia. Dingling in Xichi was blocked, and Taiwan Province was in the north. Seeing thousands of miles in mountain climbing, homesickness is long! Who said he didn't forget the disaster and turned to dust?
There are also some articles in Feeling Poetry that lament the impermanence of life, praise seclusion and seek immortality, and give full play to their works, such as "City people admire spiritual wisdom" and "Silence in the mysterious sky", all of which have strong Buddhist and old negative thoughts.
Seven Poems on Youzhou Tower and Qiu Ji's Collection of Lu Jushi in Searching for the Ancient are also his masterpieces. These poems were written when he and Jian went to Qidan. Lu Zang used Chen Chuan to say: Zi Ang is weak and sick, grateful and loyal, and often wants to fight hard to answer the guoshi. Since officials are diligent and they are involved in military plans, they feel sorry for not seeing the danger. Another day, he made a suggestion, which was very incisive. Jian 'an refused, so he was appointed as an army sergeant. Zi Ang knows the difference because he silences the following, but he is also a secretary. He wrote several poems because he climbed the Jibei Building and felt the promised land and Zhao Yan in the past. But he cried and sang, "where were those lost times before me?" Behind me, where are the future generations? . I think of heaven and earth, there is no limit, there is no end, I am alone, tears fall! " When people know everything. In Visit to the Ancient, he praised the corporal and the Prince of Yan, and thanked historical figures and Guo Kun for meeting him and making contributions. Looking forward to the future, he deeply realized the pain and sorrow of being born at an untimely time and unable to realize his ideal, and also deeply realized the lofty feelings of many people with lofty aspirations in the predicament throughout the ages. It is this irresistible ideal and passion that made him sing this romantic song on the Youzhou rostrum. Although due to the limitation of historical conditions, his depression can not be solved, which makes the emotional appeal of this poem quite lonely. However, it was this poem that won the deep sympathy of countless readers at that time and later. Lu Zangyong's saying that this poem is "known to everyone" is a strong proof. This is really unheard of in more than 200 years since Qi Liang. Hong Zhong made a noise.
There are not many Chen Ziang's regular poems, but like Looking at Chu in Jingmen, it is also a masterpiece in the early Tang Dynasty: Go to the martial arts and read the next chapter. Bashan River is exhausted, and Jingmen is full of smoke. The city is divided and the trees are broken by white clouds. Nowadays, crazy singers, who knew they would come to Chu. The poet wrote the magnificent mountains and rivers in Bachu when he first went to Sichuan in a fluent style. Style is different from other poets.
Chen Ziang highly praised "Jian 'an Author" and "The Voice of Zhengshi", and his poems were deeply influenced by Jian 'an and Zhengshi poets. Tang Jiaoran's poetic style said: "The feeling of being proud of your son stems from Ruan Gong's admiration." Poems like "Lan Ruosheng's Spring and Summer" and "Don't be Proud of the Noble", as well as those who lament the impermanence of life, are indeed similar to Ruan Ji. In addition, Yan Zhaowang and Youzhou Tower are similar to Ruan's poems in artistic conception, such as "Taking Ci as the capital of Wei" and "Sitting alone in an empty hall". The frontier poems such as The Old Clouds in Ding Hai, Ben Gui Zi, The North Wind Blows the Sea Trees, Cang Ding Ling Sai are works close to current events in Jian 'an poems. In his poems, realism and romanticism coexist. Some of those realistic works are generous and painful, and some political theories are sharp. Those works that tend to express ideals, some romantic and graceful, some passionate, are different manifestations of romanticism. Generally speaking, his poetic style is not completely unified.
Of course, Chen Ziang's poems also have shortcomings in art, and he didn't know enough about Yuefu folk songs in the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties. We don't pay much attention to this new form of seven-character poem, and there is not a seven-character poem in the collection (note: there is only one seven-character poem in the Complete Works of Mr. Chen Ziang printed by Shu Yin, and its authenticity is difficult to determine. )。 There are even some "feeling poems" which are influenced by metaphysical poems and are somewhat boring to read. However, all his poems have no elegant flavor, which is even more commendable. In a word, he is a poet who made great achievements in the theory and practice of poetry innovation in the pre-Tang Dynasty. Du fu praised him: "elegance can only be inherited by talents, but philosophers can't match it." After the male gave birth to a horse, his name was linked with the sun and the moon. ..... eternal loyalty, "love" remains. "Han Yu praised him:" The country has a lot of articles, and the son is proud of it. " They all highly affirmed his achievements in the development of Tang poetry, and also reflected the public opinion of Tang poets. As for his Poems of Feeling, it directly inspired the creation of Zhang Jiuling's Poems of Feeling and Li Bai's Poems of Antique. It is a well-known fact that Li Bai inherited his theory of taking retro as innovation and further completed the historical task of innovation in Tang poetry.
Chen Ziang also made great achievements in the innovation of prose X. Although there are still some parallel prose in his collections, those strategies and scripts are simple and fluent ancient prose, which was before the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, the ancient prose writers Xiao, Liang Su and Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty all spoke highly of his efforts in this regard.