An Shi Rebellion Suiyang defended Tianbao for fourteen years (755). John young, who dispatched troops and sent troops to An Lushan, led 65,438+500,000 rebel troops, and rebelled against the Tang Dynasty in the name of seeking Yang by secret order, which is known as the Anshi Rebellion.
It took only half a year for the insurgents to conquer counties in Hebei until Luoyang, and the next year they captured Tongguan, the gateway of Chang 'an, forcing them to flee to Shu in a hurry, and the insurgents stationed in Chang 'an. The rebel-occupied area "starts from Fanyang in the north, takes Luoyang as the fulcrum, forms a north-south line along Changshan and Ye Jun, passes through Shaanxi and Tongguan in the west to Chang 'an, and reaches Chenliu and Bianzhou in the east, connecting Qiaoxian and Cao Zhou as the east-west line". Since then, in order to consolidate and seize the national political power, the rebels intend to move eastward, targeting Qiu Yong and Suiyang. "Suiyang is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, which is the strong point of Bianjing. It has the Yangtze River and Huaihe River in the south, the river in the north, Pengcheng in the left and Bianjing in the right, and it is the traffic artery between the north and the south. "Suiyang is known as the shield of Jianghuai and the throat of Heluo. The rebels want to go south to the Jianghuai and Jianghan areas to seize Suiyang, so as to cut off the source of money and grain in the Tang Dynasty and plunder its wealth as the capital for a lasting war. Therefore, for the Tang Dynasty, it was the basis of suppressing the rebellion to lead troops to defend Suiyang and not fall into the hands of the rebels. Under the leadership of Zhang Xun and Tang, Tang began to actively defend Suiyang.
Yin is An Lushan's favorite. (757)65438+ In October of the following year, the rate of130,000 troops attacked Suiyang City. Xu Yuan, the prefect of Suiyang, sent troops to Zhang Xun for emergency. Zhang Xun deployed the Guards of Ningling, led 2,000 elite soldiers to Suiyang, and stationed 6,800 troops in Suiyang with the city father (now southeast of Bozhou, Anhui). Being outnumbered, Zhang Xun encouraged the soldiers to say that the rebels were a mob. Although it is a lot, there is no need to be afraid. As long as you go up and down Qi Xin, you will be able to repel the rebels, and the soldiers are not very skilled, so it is not brave. Thieves who plan less, thieves who are arrogant and have no wisdom, and rabble who plan less and make trouble will undoubtedly lead to ruin.
In February (757), Yin sent more troops to Suiyang. Zhang Xun used psychological tactics to repel several rebel attacks and wounded Yin in a planned way. Rebels' morale is low. Patrol is not only good at guarding the city, but also pays attention to attacking and disintegrating the enemy. The history book says: "Thieves who attack the city often abandon the city to fight, and there are more than 300 people around them." In July of the second year of Zhide (757), the insurgents increased their troops by tens of thousands, and Yin became even more arrogant. The situation in Suiyang City is even more serious. The enemy is under siege and there is a shortage of rations in the city. The military and civilians in the city have 1 spoon of rice every day, and cook with bark, tea and paper boiled cowhide. Soldiers are getting thinner and thinner, but their morale is not diminished. Suiyang ran out of grain, and the soldiers once proposed to give up the east of the city after getting the grain and fight to the death with the enemy. Zhang Xun and Xu Yuan believed that Suiyang was the gateway of eastern Henan, the crossroads of Zhongzhou, and the Jianghuai barrier. The rebels had it, which would lead to war in the south of the Yangtze River and the loss of food supply in the Tang Dynasty. What's more, the soldiers in the city were tortured by hunger and war and could not escape. It is better to stick to the isolated city and wait for the arrival of the imperial reinforcements. At the beginning of 10, the city was completely out of food, and even the bark and tea paper were eaten up, so the soldiers killed the horses and ate them. When all the horses were killed, the sparrows dug up mice and ate them. Yin led the thief to enter the city through the southwest gate, and Zhang Xun and others were captured. Yin persuaded Zhang Xun to surrender several times, and all he got was repeated insults, "I want to swallow the thief's ear." Zhang Xun, Xu Yuan, Nan Jiyun and other 36 people died unyielding. Three days after the city of Suiyang was breached, Zhang Gao, the newly appointed governor of Henan Province in the Tang Dynasty, led an army to defeat the rebels and recapture Suiyang. In the battle of Suiyang, Lei Wanchun stood on the wall and bid. In the fierce battle, Lei Wanchun was shot six times in the face, but he still stood motionless at the head of the city, making the enemy suspect that he was a woodcutter. Later, people found that it was actually a real person-Lei Wanchun. The rebel general Ling Huchao couldn't help but praise Zhang Xun and said, "When you see General Lei, you will know that my military orders are enough!" In the end, this brave general, who was praised by his enemies, finally died at the same time as Zhang Xun, so Lei Wanchun's reputation spread through the ages and was admired by future generations.
This national hero, who devoted himself to the battle of Suiyang and went down in history, was solemn and stirring, and he died, saving the people in the south of the Yangtze River from the suffering of war. It prevented the rebels from going south, saved the rich financial resources of the Great Wall and Jianghuai in the Tang Dynasty, and won valuable time and material guarantee for the counterattack in the Tang Dynasty. When the Hakkas moved south, they not only moved their families, but also brought their worship of Zhang Xun, Xu Yuan, Nan Jiyun and Lei Wanchun to other places. People in the southeast of Jiangsu and Zhejiang have great respect for them, and temples dedicated to Zhang Xun and Lei Wanchun are widely distributed. Zhang Xun, who was worshiping at Zhangwangmiao Temple in Poyang County, was accompanied by three people, namely, Ji Yun and Nan Jiyun. Fujian Gutian Sizhong Temple is dedicated to Zhang, Xu, Nan and Lei. In southern Fujian, since the Tang and Song Dynasties, the custom of loyalty to the monarch has been widely circulated among the people, and many people in Quanzhou, Jinjiang and other places worship loyalty to the monarch. Chinese in Southeast Asia, compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and overseas Chinese have paid homage to loyal ministers and good generals for generations because of their attachment to the motherland. They respect Zhang Xun very much, and there is a temple dedicated to Zhang Xun, calling Zhang Ye. Taiwan Province compatriots are looking forward to the reunification and stability of the motherland. Dazhong Temple in Nanyanshui Town, Taiwan Province, has been dedicated to Lei Wanchun since dawn, and they all admire their loyalty to the motherland. It is a spiritual worship that combines patriotism with beliefs and customs, and it is a spiritual worship that opposes national division and safeguards the reunification of the motherland among loyal idols.
Sacrificing water gods and 18 gods in Min County, Gansu Province is an ancient Han folk custom and folk belief activity of later generations. On the 17th day of the fifth lunar month, at the Erlang Mountain Flower Festival, people throw water on the street to welcome God, and everyone should give gifts and wear robes. Lei Wanchun ranks ninth. In Leijiazhuang, Shili Township, Min County, and Qingshui Town, Min County, there are "Martyrs' Shrine" dedicated to the Lord God Lei Wanchun. There is a Leizu Temple in Lintan County, Gansu Province, dedicated to the statue of Lei Wanchun. Most Lei families regard Wanchun Palace as the "home god", and the local people call him "the landowner" or "the Dragon King Chicha".
Huanggao Temple in Tianshui City, Lei Wanchun is the "Huanggao" dedicated to huang temple, the behind the Lingyuan of Taizu Mountain in Tianshui Town. Lei Wanchun was a general named Zhang Xun in the Tang Dynasty. During the Anshi Rebellion, he and Zhang Xun and Nan Jiyun stuck to Suiyang, and were shot dead by the rebels with disorderly arrows, and died heroically. Tang Suzong has built two temples dedicated to Zhang Xun and Xu Yuan and shared them with Lei Wanchun and Nanji Cloud. On July 15 every year, people in eight villages around Huanggao Temple 18 spontaneously organize themselves to raise funds to sing magic tricks and worship the mountain. On New Year's Eve, people who want to go to Huanggao Temple flock like snakes. Sometimes hundreds of cocks make wishes, and it is rare to have a sacrifice. Sacrifice to Lei Wanchun is also common in other parts of Tianshui. Tianshui people's yearning for the loyal officials in ancient times can be seen from offering sacrifices to Ji Xin, Nan Jiyun and Lei Wanchun.
In Shimen Village, Jixi County, Anhui Province, every household will pack jiaozi like the Dragon Boat Festival on September 12th of the lunar calendar. At this time, Bao jiaozi is also a unique custom in Shimen, and this day is also regarded as a unique "Zongzi Festival" in Shimen Village.
According to legend, during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, there were two generals, Nan Jiyun and Lei Wanchun, who made outstanding achievements in quelling the Anshi Rebellion. In October of the second year of Zhide (AD 757), the rebels were exhausted and captured. On the execution ground, Nan Jiyun said, "A man should not give in to the unjust. You would rather lose your head and go down in history than leave a bad name in the world. " Heroic sacrifice. Later generations once wrote a poem praising: Do you laugh at others after spilling blood? Hometown is poor in coarse beans; Where is Li Tang now? It is better to have a temple than a general! Emperor Su Zong made them Qiu! If a businessman passes by the ancient Huihang Road here a hundred years later, he will rest here and make a fire to keep warm. He came back here after walking for a few days, and found that the ashes here were still hot, and there were many towering trees around, which made him feel that this place was a treasure trove of geomantic omen. I'm going back to prepare to move my family here. After I went back, I had a dream at night. I dreamed that Qiu told him that it was not suitable for people to live here. The next day he came here to find the patriarch and told him the dream. The patriarch said he had the same dream. Later, the merchant paid the patriarch to lead the whole village to build the Autumn Temple to commemorate him. Slowly, more and more people came here to offer sacrifices to him.
September 12th of the lunar calendar is Master Qiu's birthday every year. He is naturally fond of going to the theatre. Therefore, while building the Guangfu Temple, an ancient stage was built on one side of the Autumn Temple (that is, just south). Just at this time, the farmers had finished harvesting the rice in the field. In order to celebrate the joy of harvest, good men and women, fans of Huizhou Opera, small business vendors, adults and children all gathered here, burning incense in the temple during the day and wishing to worship Buddha, and gathering for entertainment at night.
Wanchun Leigong Temple in Taishan City, Guangdong Province is located in Shuibu Town, Taishan City, Guangdong Province. It is located in the middle of a field, surrounded by green trees and bamboos, surrounded by clear water and criss-crossing buildings. It is a wonderful place. From the appearance, the temple is a modern building with yellow tiles and white walls, and murals are painted on the door walls. Where there are temples, there must be couplets. At the entrance of Leigong Temple, there is a couplet: Thousands of trees dance together, shielding the people from the eternal shadow. Beautiful spring, fragrant to me for a hundred generations.
The inscription in front of the temple records that it was originally the Dragon Mother Temple, which was rebuilt during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, and was later demolished for various reasons. In order to commemorate the great achievements of Lei Wanchun, a famous Tang Dynasty, in 2005, Mr. and Mrs. Leiden proposed to raise 320,000 yuan to build this Wanchun Leigong Temple. In addition, Lei Wanchun's resume reads: Lei Wanchun was a war general in the Tang Dynasty, and he participated in the Anshi Rebellion. An Lushan surrounded Qiu Yong (Qixian) and Suiyang (Shangqiu) with more than 100,000 troops, and the county magistrate Zhang Xun and Xu Yuan led the troops to defend the city, fighting for more than 400 times in two years. At the head of the general ray, six arrows in the body, did not move, and the order was firm. After being trapped with 400 wounded soldiers in Suiyang 10 months, foreign aid was cut off and hunger did not fight, which was broken by enemy general Yin. Zhang, Xu, Lei and Nan Jiyun all died peacefully. When the Emperor of the Tang Dynasty was reinstated, General Lei was posthumously awarded as "Assistant Minister of the Ministry of War" and later named as "Prince".
Entering the hall, I saw a general sitting like a sword, with heavy eyebrows and big eyes, a red face and a long beard, and elegant atmosphere, which was quite different from the image of ancient military commanders I usually saw. The temples on both sides are also dedicated to Marshal Zhao Gong, the God of Wealth and the Golden Flower Queen. The manager told us that this area is where Ray lives. In the past, there was a statue of Lei Wanchun in Longmu Temple. Later, it was transformed into Leigong Temple, and Lei Wanchun became the Lord God. Every traditional festival, people from all over the country will come to worship him. When we asked the manager about the relationship between a villager named Lei and his family, he couldn't explain it clearly.
The Book of Old Tang Dynasty records that Zhang Xun "sent Nan Jiyun and others to fight in the north of Ningling, beheaded more than 20 thieves, killed more than 10,000 people, and dumped their bodies on the side, so the water did not flow". This shows that his martial arts are high-powered and targeted. After putting down the rebellion, feeling loyal, Qin became a doctor and loyal general in Ronglu, and ordered people to set up temples for sacrifice. Therefore, Lei Wanchun's heroic deeds of defending the country are widely circulated, and some stories are also magical. For example, it is said that after Lei Wanchun's death, his head was carried back to his hometown by a crane. As a result, temples have been built in various places to offer sacrifices, and people who burn incense are in an endless stream. There are also folk dramas and stories such as "Lei Wanchun Beats the Tiger". Wen Tianxiang, a national hero of the Southern Song Dynasty, also wrote The Biography of Wan Chun.
Taiwei Temple in Juncun Village, Xingguo County, Jiangxi Province The Taiwei Temple in Juncun Village is dedicated to Zhang Xun General Lei Wanchun. Located at the end of Juncun, Shang Jie was built during the Qianlong period. There is a stage in front of the temple, facing a pair of beautiful stone lions, which were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. This used to be the most prosperous area of the military village market. According to legend, the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th of the lunar calendar is the birthday of Master Qiu (), so every morning on this day, Master Qiu's birthday will be held in the local area, and every family in the village will pay homage, and then have a birthday party, and everyone will participate independently and make a strong donation. After breakfast, I will start singing puppet shows. I will ask the puppet troupe to sing for Master Qiu for more than five or six days and at least half a month. The puppet troupe's main funds come from local believers in exchange for the protection of Master Qiu. Up to now, Taiwei Temple is still protected and repaired by the civil parliament. The ancient stage and Taiwei Temple are the witness of the history of the military village market.
Taiwei Temple in Xiafu County, Jiangxi Province is located in Xiafu Village, Ganxian County. There is a Taiwei Temple, a two-story pavilion building, in which the Lord God is Lei Wanchun. This temple has the highest incense in Xiafu, and the temple fair of Taiwei Temple is not only Xiafu, but also the most influential and lively temple fair in nearby Fiona Fang. The temple was destroyed in the 1940s and has not been repaired.
Anxi Temple in Wutiaogang, Yunlin County, Taiwan Province Province is located in the northwest of Wugang Village, Taixi Town, Yunlin County, Taiwan Province Province [1], facing east and west. It is dedicated to Zhang Xun (Zhang Fu's chitose), Li Mi (Li Fu's chitose) and Mo Ying (Mo Fu's chitose) in the Tang Dynasty, collectively known as "Zhang Li Mo Fu's three chitose". The Anxi House in Wujiaogang is the ancestral temple of all the Chitose Temples in Tension Mo in Taiwan Province Province, and it is one of the important temples that worship Taoism. The incense is flourishing and there are more than 3,000 branches at home and abroad.
Wujiaogang Anxi House was built on Haifeng Island (now Outer Umbrella Island) in the 60th year of Qing Qianlong (1759) and moved to the present site of Wugang Village in Yunlin County in the 11th year of Jiaqing (1806). Since then, due to the large number of believers, incense has flourished and continued to be built. Nowadays, in addition to temple buildings, there are fish ponds, landscaping and phoenixes. , is a distinctive temple in Taiwan Province Province.
General Lei Wanchun devoted himself to the prince's hall. According to records, Lei Wanchun, king of riding a tiger, also known as King Wu 'an and Fu Leitian Zun, was a subordinate of Zhang Xun, a famous minister in the Tang Dynasty. Rao Yong is good at fighting, and Zhang Xun relies heavily on him. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, thieves rebelled against An Lushan, and Zhang Xun attacked. Lei Wanchun was ordered to guard Qiu Yong, and the rebel leader Ling Huchao led the army to surround Qiu Yongcheng. Lei Wanchun stood on the city and angered Linghu Chao. Linghu Chao ordered the archers lying in ambush to send their bows and arrows in unison. Although Lei Wanchun was shot six times in the face, he still stood still. Linghu Chao was suspected to be Woodenhead, but after learning the truth, he called Zhang Xun from afar and said, "I didn't know your other branch was strict until I met General Lei." Later, Lei Wanchun followed Zhang Xun and Xu Yuan to defend Suiyang City. Breaking the city and attacking, Suiyang soldiers died calmly.
Later generations usually leave six black spots on their faces when carving and drawing statues of Lei Wanchun, representing the scars left by the six arrows that were hit that day. General Lei Wanchun was generally enshrined in the Xu Yuan Temple in Zhang Xun, but another temple was built in the Song Dynasty. It is said that there was a red snake on the incense burner in the temple at that time, and it didn't move for a whole month until someone wrote a letter saying that such foreign objects would scare believers, and the snake left the next day.
Introduction to Nanyang Tiandi Palace in the Philippines In the Buddhist temple of Nanyang Tiandi Palace in the Philippines, Lei Wanchun is one of the deities worshipped. Most of the gods enshrined in Heaven and Earth Palace were transplanted from the mainland, among which Sakyamuni, Guanyin Buddha, Mazu, Guandi and Chenghuang Temple had the greatest influence. There are more than 100 Buddhist temples in Manila, of which Baogong Temple is the largest and has the most incense.
Lei, a famous loyal and righteous Confucian general in Tang Dynasty, fought bravely in Suiyang City, an important town in the Central Plains, and stood alone at the gate of the city in October, and died heroically with 36 famous generals such as Zhang Xun, the satrap. Later, he was known as the "general of thunder exorcism" and "Fu Lei chitose", representing the hunting patrol of heaven.
Related poems are linked to Lei Wanchun's tomb, Song and Fan Chengda.
Nine meteors will not die,
Words are full of life.
If you want to know how to be loyal,
Hu er dismounted from the grave.
Zhang Xun in Brave Army [Tang Dynasty]
(Written in 757 AD when observing Suiyang)
When spring comes, this isolated city becomes more and more dangerous.
Halo around the moon, a little bit as beautiful as fish.
Tired of yellow dust again and again, it will swing away when it is white.
The wound is still coming out, and drinking blood is even worse.
Trust should be difficult, but trust should not be moved.
No one reported to the son of heaven. What do you want?
Song author: Xu Jun
Six arrows pierced the woodcutter,
Stand still, brave and incoherent.
Knowing that the dry city will fall,
I forgot I had this body, too.
Historically, Lei Wanchun's ranking is not high. Why is he so admired by the people? In the traditional society, temples were built by the people to worship gods, buddhas or historical figures, with the purpose of making the sages bravely resist the rebellion, defending the country's righteousness, inspiring future generations and providing an example for the society; At the same time, I hope that the heroic spirit will last forever after the death of the hero and become a god who bless one side. Most of these gods are heroes who have made great contributions to the country and the nation, or honest official Tessa who has benefited the local people. They have made outstanding achievements, are famous in history and are deeply respected by the people. From Shuibulai Temple, I can realize a truth: history does not judge heroes by success or failure, and justice is free from people's hearts.
Lei Wanchun's mausoleum is located in Shangqiu City, Henan Province. The tombstone reads "Tomb of the Brave Leigong".