Karl Marx, whose full name is karl heinrich marx (German: karl heinrich marx,1865438+May 5, 2008-65438+March 0883, 14), is one of the founders of Marxism, the organizer and leader of the First International, the founder of Marxist political parties, and the proletarian and working people all over the world.
Marx was a great German thinker, politician, philosopher, economist, revolutionary and sociologist. His major works are Das Kapital and Manifesto. The famous philosophical thought founded is historical materialism, and its greatest wish is the all-round and free development of individuals.
Marx founded the great economic theory "Das Kapital", and Marx established his principle of exposition as "critique of political economy". Marx thinks this is the "principle of political economy" and this is the "essence", and future generations can continue to study on this basis. Marx believes that the destruction of the bourgeoisie is as inevitable as the victory of the proletariat. The Marxist theory jointly founded by him and Engels is regarded as a theoretical weapon and a guide to action to guide the working people all over the world to struggle for the great ideals of socialism and communism.
On May 20 18, the manuscript was auctioned in Beijing.
Extended data:
Marxism is one of the most complicated and profound theories in contemporary times. 65438-0882 Marx's theory covers a wide range of fields such as politics, philosophy, economy and society. The development of Marxism is beyond the reach of any other theory. Because of this, there are many different versions of explanations and statements in this world. As Hal draper, a modern American Marxist, said, "In human history, few theories have been seriously distorted by unusual people like Marx's thought".
Except Marxism–Leninism, many schools believe that egoism is the orthodox inheritance of Marx. Nowadays, the main camps are Trotskyism, Stalinism, Western Marxism and so on.
Marx's greatest contribution to philosophy is to introduce the concept of practice into philosophy and link philosophy with the liberation of the modern proletariat (working class). The thorough application of this philosophy in the field of social history led to the emergence of historical materialism. Under the guidance of historical materialism, Marx analyzed and studied the economic foundation of capitalist society, discovered the surplus value, and pointed out that the class struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie would inevitably lead to the dictatorship of the proletariat, which was the transition and evolution from capitalism to communism.
It is generally believed that Marx's philosophy had no absolute influence in his time; But just a few years after his death, at the end of 19, with the aggravation of the general crisis in the bourgeois world, Marx's philosophy quickly spread throughout the country. The establishment of a capitalist welfare state has become the trend of political and economic reform in advanced European countries. Later, Marxism was divided into non-evolutionary Marxism and revolutionary Marxism.
Non-revolutionary theory, also known as revisionism, takes eduard bernstein as the center, advocates gradual socialist development, and takes Marxism as the moral standard. The revolutionary theory is most famous for radical Lenin, emphasizing the inevitable necessity of violent revolution for establishing proletarian dictatorship.
The revolutionaries regard Marxism as a historical scientific theory, proletarian world outlook and methodology, and think that this theory is a theoretical reflection of the objective process of history, a product of the practice of the broad masses of working people, and a crystallization of all outstanding cultural heritage of mankind.
From the beginning of the 20th century to the middle of the 20th century, with the vigorous spread of the Soviet Union founded by Lenin and the Bolshevik Party, Marxism reached its peak. During this period, the contemporary interpretation of Marxism seems to be questioned and disputed by many scholars. With the decline and disintegration of the Soviet Union, the political influence of Marxism has also weakened.
As one of the most famous and far-reaching philosophical theories in modern times, Marxism is still active in all fields of academia, and its theoretical spirit has been applied to the direction of government administration from time to time. Today, in the 2 1 century, many countries and political parties in the world still take Marxism as their ideology, such as Cuba, Nepal, Cyprus, France, Spain, Portugal and Greece.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-Marx