Shi Dabin (1573- 1648) was born in Shaoshan, also known as Daban and Shi Bin. He was born in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty to Shunzhi period of Qing Dynasty, and he was the son of Shi Peng, one of the famous "Four Masters" of Zisha. He mixed sand into mud and created a pot made of mixed sand, which the ancients called "ancient coarse sand with uniform texture" and was unique.

Chinese name: Shi Dabin.

Nationality: China.

Date of birth: 1573

Date of death: 1648

Occupation: Yixing Zisha Art Master

Main achievements: The difficult technical system of purple sand industry has been established.

Representative works: three-legged pot, hexagonal pot, purple sand flat pot, Tianxiangge pot and monk hat pot.

outline

He studied the mud-making, modeling technology, modeling design and inscription of purple sand pottery, and established a difficult technical system of clay board and inlay that is still used by purple sand circles. Born in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, he died in the early years of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty. Shi Dabin's pot-making skills are comprehensive, and he has made outstanding achievements in mud-making, molding techniques, vessel design and calligraphy.

Style of works

He chose purple sand mud and blended it into various mud colors for products, forming a simple and vigorous style. Most of his early works imitated the big pot for spring, and later changed it into a small pot according to the literati's tea drinking habits, and signed the date to make it. It is known as the authentic pot art, and there are not many works handed down from generation to generation, but it is collected by museums in Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing and Taiwan Province Province.

He mixed sand into mud and created a pot made of mixed sand, which the ancients called "ancient coarse sand with uniform texture" and was unique. In the aspect of molding technology, the method of "taking wood as the mold" for the spring was improved, and the cylinder-beating molding method was combined with the cylinder-inlaying molding method, thus the basic method of clay-inlaying molding of teapot was determined, which was a great leap in the manufacturing method of teapot. It also pioneered square and round pot shapes and became a typical pot shape of teapot. Shi Dabin listened to the advice of Chen Jiru and other literati, changed the teapot into a small size, which made it more suitable for the literati's tea drinking habits, introduced the literati's interest into the pot art, and combined the pot art with the tea ceremony, pushing the pot art to a new height.

life experience

Shi Dabin is a master of Yixing purple sand art, a descendant of Yan in Song Dynasty's Shangshu, and the son of a good friend. His life activities ranged from Wanli period of Ming Dynasty to Shunzhi period of Qing Dynasty.

The art of big guest pot enjoyed a high reputation in the Ming Dynasty, which was more common in literati's accounts. Tea in Xu Cishu in the Ming Dynasty _ "Today, a pot of spring tea is made by guests, which is cherished by all generations". After offering sacrifices to the spring, Shi Dabin created many special tools for making pots, created many pot shapes, and trained a number of disciples such as Li Zhongfang and Xu Youquan. Connecting the preceding with the following, it developed the art of purple sand. Shi Dabin's early works are simple and elegant. A good imitation of the spring pot. Since I arrived in Loudong, Suzhou and made friends with several generations of Chen Meigong, the style of making pots has changed. Change the pot from big to small. It is said that _ Shi Dabin's creative attitude is extremely serious, and every time he encounters dissatisfied works, he will be destroyed. Nine times out of ten, I will not hesitate to break it. At that time, tea was popular, and the requirements for pot art were very high.

Shi Dabin was about eighty years old all his life, and produced thousands of products, which spread widely. There is a poem to prove it _ "Gong Zhongyan said that pot rice is a pot rice, and overseas competition seeks a distant dish." Chen Zhenhui, one of the four sons of Yixing in the late Ming Dynasty, wrote _ "The name of the pot is far-reaching, that is, it is still known in remote places. Its system began with offering sacrifices to spring, the pot style is simple and elegant, and tea has the interest of secluded fields. Later, such as Chen Hu (Chen Mingyuan) and Xu Hu, I didn't think that Dabin was just in case. " Although there are many works by Shi Dabin, few have been handed down. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Shi Dabin's works were regarded as rare treasures.

Engineering status quo

Shi Dabin was about 300 years ago. According to the brief statistics of later generations, his works, including dozens, are only a few. It can be seen that the essence is precious. There are also many private collections at home and abroad, which are not counted for the time being, because it is impossible to check the authenticity. Most of the time, pots have the sign of "big trash can" to identify them.

There are 16 and 17 teapots made by Shi Dabin, five of which were excavated in recent years, all in the Ming Tombs. The rest have been handed down from generation to generation, with various pot types, including round pot, hexagonal pot, three-legged pot, square pot with light opening, hanging beam pot, book-flat pot, monk's hat pot, bag-printing pot, rhombic pot, half-melon water tank and so on. , respectively, in Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Hong Kong and other places of public and private institutions and collectors.

Main work

Gongjia collection

There are the following works of Shi Dabin in China.

Purple sand tires, red landscape figures holding pots

Shi Dabin's purple sand tire red landscape figure holding a pot, in the late Ming Dynasty, was 13.2cm high and 7.6cm in diameter, and was collected in the Qing Palace.

Pot body purple sand, square, round mouth, winding path, ring handle, door foot. Painted in red paint, engraved with landscape figures. The pot body is decorated on all sides, with single-line back brocade and square "_" brocade carved inside, and landscape figures such as pine shade and tea carved outside, and turtle back brocade. The lid and shoulder of the pot are engraved with auspicious miscellaneous patterns, and the lid button is engraved with lotus shape. The handle and spout are carved with flying cranes and flowing clouds. The bottom of the pot is painted with black paint, and the red paint "Made by Shi Dabin" is looming under the paint.

It is rare to use purple sand to paint bones, and it is rare to use purple sand made by famous craftsman Shi Dabin to paint bones. The discovery of this carved lacquer pot undoubtedly provides a reference for the dating of this kind of carved lacquer.

Kangxi in Qing dynasty. Shidabin red porcelain enamel jar

Shi Dabin purple porcelain enamel jar, Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, height 10cm, diameter 6.5cm, collected by Confucius.

The pot tire is made of Yixing fine purple sand, with round body, round mouth, winding path and round handle. The whole body is enamel, and the lid of the pot is decorated with velvet leaves of different shades; The pot shoulder is painted with auspicious patterns of red, white and yellow; The pot glows on both sides, painting lotus flowers and grapes at the same time; It symbolizes prosperity, good luck, lasting and lasting fragrance. There is a four-character seal script made by Shi Dabin at the bottom of the pot. Such a beautiful Shi Dabin purple porcelain enamel pot is rare with standardized production and exquisite craftsmanship.

"Gong Zhongyan called the big guest pot, and overseas competed for the Ming Yuan disc". Since the advent of purple sand, it has been favored by literati and tea lovers. When purple sand artists customize purple sand teapots for the court, most of them use suitable pots as the tire bottom, and add equal techniques such as red removal, enamel, external gold and furnace to increase their wealth. The pot-making technology and painting style of colored purple sand ware in different periods are different. This pot provides a reference for the making style of purple porcelain enamel in Kangxi period.

Three-legged Pot is Shi Dabin's earliest work. Height 1 1 cm (cover height 3.47 cm)

The caliber is 7.5 cm. Now in Zhangpu County Museum, Fujian Province. 1987, in the thirty-eighth year of Ming Wanli in Miaopu, Pantuo Township, Zhangpu County, Fujian Province (16 10), Lu Ruifeng and his wife were buried together. This teapot, the mud is chestnut red and plain, but because the mud blank is impure, small yellow and white spots similar to pear skin appear after sintering, which has a feel. The pot body is flat, full, bulging and stable. The shoulder and neck are surrounded by the neck, a high cup-shaped pot cover is placed on the neck, and the cover surface is closely connected with the neck mouth. The lid of the pot is modeled after the bronze beans, pots, ding and pots that prevailed in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The ring buckle on the pot cover is made into three flat feet that look like big fingers as decoration and also serves as the pot cover. The spout is slightly higher than the spout, so that the contents of the kettle are saturated. This is the scientific design that Shi Dabin has carefully observed for a long time, and it is also the best explanation that he is good at transplanting traditional crafts. Regular script "Shi Dabin made" is engraved on the flat bottom inside the round foot.

"Six Square Pots", red clay purple sand, 1965 unearthed from the Ming Tomb in Jiangdu, Yangzhou, is considered by most experts to be genuine. Ming Chengzu Wanli is forty-four years old. "Six Square Pots" exist in Yangzhou Museum. The shape of the pot is regular, and the word "Dabin" is engraved on the bottom of the pot.

"Zisha Flat Pot" is engraved with the words "Yuan Yuan Tang Cang, distinguished guest system". The pot is now in Shanghai Museum.

"Tianxiangge Pot", the mud color is purple and black. The lid of the pot is engraved with the words "Tianxiang Pavilion, Grand Guest". The appearance of the pot is generous and concise, or it is considered to be Shi Dabin's early works. Now it's in Nanjing Museum.

"Monk's hat pot." The shape of "monk's hat" has been common in porcelain modeling since the Tang and Song Dynasties. Shi Dabin drew lessons from purple sand modeling and made a "monk's hat pot" with sharp edges, smooth lines and elegance. At the bottom, the words "born lotus is a big guest" are used. The pot is now in Shanghai Friendship Store.

In addition to tea sets, Da Bin's works also have a study for fun. One of its remarkable artistic features is its own calligraphy. Shi Dabin used to find someone to pay for it. After making many scholars, Shi Dabin tried to figure out the calligraphy style of famous artists and studied hard. Many things happen, and Shi Dabin finally wrote a good hand. He took bamboo as a blade and bamboo as a ghost, and signed his name on the pot art works. His calligraphy has won the admiration of many celebrities. So that later, Dabin's calligraphy was regarded as one of the criteria to distinguish the authenticity of his works.

Shi Dabin, Li Zhongfang and Xu Youquan are famous teachers, but their creative styles are different. Shi Dabin appreciated some works very much, so he put his name on his brother's works. This is a kind of "privilege" in the purple sand industry, and it is the recognition of one's apprentice skills and the highest reward. Then someone said, "Li Daping, the name of time." In other words, the pot made by Li Zhongfang is the name of Shi Dabin. Therefore, it can be considered that among Shi Dabin's works, there are also works by his disciples. But which one is unknown. Even so, the artistic value of this pot is equivalent to or even better than that of the time pot.

Private collection

Shi Dabin's works can be found in writings and collections, with the following items _

According to Dou's "Yangzhou Scenic Spots", there is a big stone pot in the sacrifice (Tian Leitan), and the lid and mouth of the pot are stuck together and can't be opened. Shake it. There's water in it. It's been watered for decades. In Liang Shaoren's Essays on Two Kinds of Autumn Rain Temples in Qing Dynasty, Liang once saw a alms bowl that was "smarter than stupid". There are water chestnuts on the bowl, litchi is good, killing dragons. Take its homonym.

"The past is like a dream" contains "the plowman carries the pot". The front is engraved with the cross of "negative leading, cold forbearance". Carve a farmer and a child on the dark side. Also known as "Changbai Mouth Fairy Hidden Pot".

Pan Boying collected four pieces of big guest pot products. There is a saying called "be happy all the time and be with others". The color of clay in four pots is unknown.

Praise the collection of time pots and learn from the walnut ink. Ma You wrote a poem about it.

There are twelve characters in Ming Hu, such as "Ming Xiang Ming Gong Qing drama, Wanli Geng Yin Da Bin".

There are two pots in Qufu Kongdong Hall. "Zhonghu" is light purple in color and clear in cytoplasm, and is known as "simple and stable". It's called Baoqinghu. The "pot" is made by Chen. It is as flat as a persimmon and can't hold a glass of water. The handle is engraved with "Dabin".

Zhou Rong's Yixing Porcelain Pot _ Yang Xian's Tiaoliang Pot Collection. A Tibetan "Han Yu pot".

Zhang Hong Tibetan pig liver cauldron. Coincidentally and simply, there are 13 cursive characters at the bottom: "The leaves are hard and frosty, and the flowers are rich and red, which is made by the guests."

There is a large pot in the shape of a flat flowerpot hidden in the "Piyun Building", and the bottom is engraved with the calligraphy Gu Zhuo of "Da Ke Zhi", which is between the seal scripts. "Four Textual Research in the Study" said, "Shi Dabin used a purple teapot, and" big guest "means big guest".

The "diamond fancy" pot has the word "big guest" in regular script.

"Hexagon pot", with two lines of regular script engraved at the bottom, "Made by Shi Dabin in Wanli, Shen Bing".

The bottom pot is made for the owner of treasure and thrift. In the Qing dynasty, there was a saying that "the sand pot in Shishao Mountain is Cai". Baojiantang is the room name of Zhongma in Minghua Pavilion.

Tea drinkers in Wu store three products in the pot, and note the cloud _ give three products in the big guest pot, all of which are not engraved. There are two poems by Ou Gong at the bottom of the pot, which is the best. Wu, whose real name was Qian, was born in Qianlong period. He is the author of Taoxi Hakka Language and so on.

"Liuhe Family Pot". Wu Yun _ "Cheung Chau Fu Shao once fought for a pot of soil. In order to reward a big pot at the bottom of the pot, he filled it with tea, without missing a bit. He named Liuhe a pot, separated from Liuhe. 」

Zhang Yanchang left the "rhombic octagonal pot" with money on the side. See Yang Xiantao's theory.

Uncle Zhang did not hide the "Korean pot." Didn't Zhang Shu write a poem "When the time comes, there will be few mountain pots" _ "Fighting the Chinese side in the loess is famous for thousands of years. This title is true, Zhu, Gong Ye and gradually Zhao. Self-enrichment skills must be superb and can support words to your satisfaction. It' s really helpless to win the sun and the moon in the pot. " The pot is more than three inches high, two inches square and two inches square, with four regular script at the bottom.

Wang Shizhen, a native of Yangshan, Qingyu, hides plum blossom pots. Wang Youshi _ "Wei Cun presented a plum blossom sand pot made by Shi Dabin, and featured this article to thank Ya". The poem says, "The teapot in Yangxian County is purple and looks like plum blossoms. Cold sand has been treated for more than a hundred years, and who knows when it will be wonderful. I feel that you gave me a gift from a white-headed guest. You know I have been poor all my life. Qing loves plum blossoms and tea, and can store mental buds while flowers are waiting. If he could sail easily when he was young, he would have tea with me. "

Janice's "Yang Xian Ming Tao Xulu" contains _ "When Wei Shu showed it, the pot was ordered to draw Fu, and Zhang Shanglin." Poem _ "After reading the vicissitudes of life for two hundred years, I carved my name for a thousand years. From then on, Tsing Yi Pavilion will usher in a new spring. This is uncle Zhang's last pot. This pot is suspected to be the same as the "Korean pot" mentioned above. Let's save it. ) In the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Yanchang's "Yang Xiantao's Theory" contained _ Wang _ a small pot of cold gold and purple hidden in the mountains, and the regular script was "Made by the Normal University".

Chen _ "Zhai Notes" contains _ Ni's Sixty-four Yan Zhai Pots.

I saw a pot on the sand at nine o'clock. The title was "Handmade by Shi Dabin in Autumn and Winter". See Yang Xiantao's theory.

Other works

There are also two pots of "Zhanggua Country" with "Sangmao Pot" hidden. A neighbor gave Caiyi a gift, which later belonged to Li Jingkang.

Distinguish and appreciate

Including the statistics of some domestic scholars, its pots are mainly found in words, pictures and transmitters. The works have different styles, or have no signature, or the word "big guest", or the surname of "Shi Dabin system", or engraved poems. Just a few examples. You can study it further. From this, we can know the general situation of Shi Dabin's works and the general circulation of Shi Dabin's works.

In the Republic of China, Li Jingkang and Zhang Hong wrote "Yang Xiansha's Pot Picture True Story": "When writing a pot, Shi Dabin will first write it, drop ink, draw it with a bamboo knife, or poke it. After the knife into words, calligraphy is elegant. In Huang Tingling's Yi Tie, people can't imitate it, and connoisseurs think it is different. With few transmitters, expensive names and complete fake tripods, it is easy to identify bandits. It is reliable to use regular script and calligraphy between Huang Ting and Le Yi. It seems difficult to verify whether Da Bin's talented calligrapher in his early years was afraid of writing inappropriately. But after that, he can transport knives into words and his calligraphy is elegant. Among Kotete's calligraphy posts, his calligraphers must have these two calligraphy posts. I think that Dabin's knife has been engraved for a long time, so he can get his testimonies. "