"Wat" is a long and narrow hand held by ancient ministers when they went to court. It is mostly made of jade, ivory or bamboo chips. Ding Shanbao explained the name of Wanyuan in Wanyuan Notes: "Because it is small and easy to use, it is called Wanyuan, and it is also named because of its small size."
The word "10,000" comes from Fayuan Zhu Lin in the Tang Dynasty. In the book "Biography of Feeling", it is said that Vimalakīrti's home base was in Vishnu, and Tang Xianqing and Wang Xuance went to the Western Regions to measure their home base across the land, only 10,000, so it was named the abbot's room. Later generations described small-area buildings as "10".
This garden covers an area of only 2000 square meters. It's really a small garden. Ding Shanbao took the idea. Although the area of Shikoku Park is small, it can present the beauty of natural landscape in a limited space, which is exquisite and fascinating.
There are 34 rockery ponds, curved bridges, pavilions and study rooms in the park, with 67 rooms. They are compact and not crowded, which makes people immersive. As in painting, they give people a sense of rigorous layout and one scene, which embodies the characteristics of northern architecture. They are a wonderful flower in China classical gardening art. Shikuan Garden is rectangular in plane and consists of three axes of ancient architecture: the middle, the west and the east. The central axis building and its courtyard are the main parts of the garden.
There are mainly the following attractions: the Four Kingdoms Cottage enters the front yard of the East Gate, and the main hall is the Four Kingdoms Cottage. The building is a three-bay, seven-purlin building with no cloister, hard roof and Ming carved doors, and the words "Worship the Cottage in the Green Hills" inscribed by Chen Jieqi, an epitaph of the Qing Dynasty, are hung on the doors.
Rock flowers are scattered in front of the hall, lotus fragrance overflows in the pool, and blue waves ripple. Zhao Siting takes the meaning of sunny surroundings, hence its name.
The pavilion is large and square, with six purlins resting on the top of the mountain, surrounded by bench railings. The pavilion is surrounded by water rings, full of feng shui and full of moon, which is quite poetic, and there is a curved bridge connected to the cloister in the west.
Inside the pavilion, there is a horizontal plaque inscribed by Cao Hongxun, the champion of the Qing Dynasty, and there is a pottery seal outside the pavilion, which is the handwriting of Gui Fu, a calligrapher of the Qing Dynasty. The couplets on the pillars of the pavilion read "The breeze and bright moon are priceless, and there are feelings near the water and distant mountains", and the couplets hanging in front of the pavilion read "Looking at the clouds is ashamed to swim in the water".
Step into the heart of the pool along the cloister curved bridge, and look around, the pool is full of lotus flowers and the scenery is pleasant. The stone tables and benches in the pavilion were the places where the garden owners loitered and recited poems. You can sit around the bridge fence and enjoy the panoramic view of the lotus flowers in the pool and rockery.
Where the curved bridge meets the cloister, there is also a couplet that says, "Never tire of your heart, that is, you are happy." There is a four-character stone carving of "flying kites and jumping fish" on the hexagonal door in the north of the kite-flying and jumping fish pavilion. Originally written by Han Yu in the twentieth year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty, it was later demoted as a self-encouragement work by Lingshu of Yangshan.
The font is flying tactfully, permeating Changhong, with the brushwork meaning of Cao Zhuan, and the arrangement is just right. The casting of Cao Zhuan is in one furnace, which contains feelings in the book, showing the lofty ambition of "wide sky and birds flying", with both form and spirit, and both meaning and pen are good. This four-character rubbing was published in the sixth issue of Calligraphy magazine 1980, and it is a rare treasure.
This stone carving in the garden was copied by the painter Zhai in the middle of Qing Dynasty. As steady as a boat, there is a boat-shaped building in the northeast corner of the pavilion, which is called as steady as a boat, and the pavilion is like a boat, hence the name.
This pavilion is cleverly built with a six-purlin roof. It looks like a ship, just like breaking down in the water, and it can break down and untie at any time, which makes people think. At the north gate of the boat-shaped pavilion, there are couplets: the mountain pavilion is full of poems and the water pavilion is full of wind.
The rockery pool faces half of the rockery in the east, with a height of10m, a length of 30m from north to south and a width of15m from east to west. It was built with Taihu Stone as the gable of the courtyard on the east axis. Climbing step by step, the mountain road is rugged and the road turns with the peak, which is magnificent.
There are ponds, caves, waterfalls and mountain gates, and there are conifers and cypresses on the mountains, which are evergreen all the year round and will not wither in winter. Weixiu Pavilion was built on the top of a fake mountain, which was taken from the Preface to Drunk Pavilion written by Ouyang Xiu in the Song Dynasty. Those who look beautiful, deep and beautiful are all named after the words "Wei" and "Xiu" in Langya.
There is a Luohan stone carving painted by Jin Nong, one of the eight eccentrics in Yangzhou, which is unique and fascinating. There is a solitary pine next to it, reaching into the sky, and there is a couplet: Xiaoting Mountain is the highest and there are many sunsets.
There is a Xiating at the southern end of Luoxiating Mountain, which is a four-purlin shed structure. Zheng Banqiao's hand-carved stone "Three Paintings", "Tian Youyan" and "Painting Bamboo" are embedded in the pavilion, and the hanging "Chatting to avoid the wind and rain" is inscribed by Zheng Banqiao.
The couplets of the sunset pavilion are: bamboo is suitable for rain, pine is suitable for snow, flowers can be Zen, and wine can be immortal. Yilan Pavilion, paved with pebbles, is located at the foot of the rockery corner in the southeast of the lotus pond. There is a small pavilion building with a pyramid-shaped roof of 16, which is called "Yilan Pavilion".
This pavilion is small and unique, sitting on the sill of the pavilion, looking up at the fountain, with thousands of silver beads, one after another; Looking down at the fish, erratic. The ripple of the pool water is "Yi"; The clouds in the mountains are called "haze", hence the name.
Fu Bi, a famous minister in Song Dynasty, used this name in his garden pavilion. Yilan Pavilion echoes Weixiu Pavilion on the mountain.
Opposite to Yilan Pavilion, Xiaocanglang Pavilion is a pavilion with a pyramid roof with four corners and covered with thatch. Its four pillars are primitive pine buildings, which makes it more elegant, simple and interesting. Canglang takes its meaning from Mencius Li Lou: "The water of Canglang is crystal clear and can drown my tassels; The water in the rough waves is turbid, so you can lick my feet. "
There is a big stone by the pool under the pavilion, which can be used to stand on its feet. Su Shunqin, a poet in Song Dynasty, once built Canglang Pavilion in Suzhou, which is a famous garden.
Xiao Canglang was named after the owner by Canglang Pavilion in Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden. So the pavilion is smaller, hence the name Xiao Canglang.
There are stone tables and benches in the pavilion, where you can drink tea, enjoy the cool and wash. The cloister stone carving has a cloister in the west of the pool, which skillfully separates the western axis from the central axis landscape, which not only plays a role in rational landscape layout, but also increases ornamental buildings.
Carved teeth on the gallery and railings between the columns. On the wall of the promenade, there are five stone carvings by Zheng Banqiao and Cynthia.
Wan Yuan, written by Ding Shanbao and Hanlin Ding Lianggan at the southernmost tip, describes the situation and intention of building a garden. This is the best historical data of Wanyuan Garden.
At the northernmost point is Wan Yuan written by Zhang and Cao Hongxun. Chunyulou goes out of the cloister to the north, and the second floor in the west of the courtyard is Chunyulou.
This building is a three-bay, seven-purlin building, with the gate surrounding the mansion and corridor, supplemented by bench railings. It is called Chunyulou, which is a famous sentence borrowed from the poem "The First Day of Spring Rain in Lin 'an" written by Lu You, a poet in the Song Dynasty.
.
I am eager to use the history of Weifang kites now ~ Weifang, also known as the kite capital, has a long history and exquisite craftsmanship.
The skeleton is made of bamboo, wrapped with high-grade silk and painted by hand. The combination of arts and crafts embodies the appreciation value of kites. With the increasing frequency of international kite communication, kite, an ancient folk art, has flourished under the new situation and become an important art. ..
Its types are soft wing, hard wing, faucet string, plate and three-dimensional bucket. It is not only widely used in flight, competition and entertainment, but also has become a fashion ornament to beautify people's lives.
After historical evolution and horizontal spread, Weifang Kite has gradually formed a traditional style and artistic characteristics with exquisite materials selection, beautiful shape, exquisite paste, vivid image, gorgeous painting and flexible take-off, which complements Beijing Kite and Tianjin Kite and stands firm. There are many kinds of kite art in Weifang today. Because kite artists and kite makers from all walks of life have different life experiences, different cultural levels and different knowledge structures, they have formed different systems and schools, which are roughly as follows:-Weifang traditional folk kites, historically speaking, are relative to court kites and craftsman kites; In modern times, they are relative to modern new kites.
Its characteristics are as follows: (1), the producers of folk kites are mostly farmers and craftsmen, generally speaking, they have not received special artistic training, and they freely express their ideals and wishes according to their intuitive feelings and aesthetic habits.
Their kites, no matter in shape, materials, color configuration and production style, have a strong local flavor. (2) Folk kites are mostly made in combination with traditional festivals such as Tomb-Sweeping Day and Double Ninth Festival, with selective themes and decorative forms.
(3) Folk kites are generally made from local materials, which are not very particular, but their style is rough and unpretentious. (4) Folk kites are influenced by regional culture, economy and customs, and they often observe and negotiate with each other in production, plus ancestral and hereditary factors. Therefore, folk kites have the color of ancient traditions, which is actually a collective creation.
Second, due to the business of selling kites in traditional craftsman schools, full-time kite artists came into being. In the history of Weifang, many famous painters even participated in the drawing and even design of kites, which made Weifang kites look very beautiful.
Of course, most people can't afford to play and buy these fine products, but rich people who buy these kites often ask artists to order them. This is the situation that the proverb handed down from generation to generation says that "seven points are teachers and three points are craftsmen". In addition, when the old and new dynasties changed, some court kite artists lived among the people, which also promoted the development and improvement of kites sent by craftsmen, making them solemn and luxurious.
The traditional craftsmen's party has played a very good role in promoting the development of Weifang kites, which has turned Weifang kites from ordinary toys into a precious handicraft and an important part of Weifang local culture. Third, the modern innovation school In recent years, due to the brave participation of professional artists, scientific and technological personnel, workers and urban residents, they have given full play to the advantages of modern technology and modern science and technology and created brand-new modern kites on the basis of inheriting traditional kites.
The main feature of modern kites is that they attach importance to the application of new materials and new techniques, and their shapes are simple, bright, fresh and ingenious, with distinctive times.
Weifang's historical special snacks
The main ingredients of Chicago roast pork are pig head, pig intestine, pig belly, pig trotters, pig heart, pig liver and pig lungs. It is made by using the secret recipe of the Ming Dynasty palace diet, with more than 20 kinds of Chinese medicines, through washing, kneading, boiling, smoking, baking and other processes. With a history of more than 600 years, it was named "Shandong Famous Snack" by Shandong Provincial Department of Trade 1997. When making, first rub it with fine salt a few times, and then put it into the original soup pot to cook for about two hours. Add spices such as cardamom, Amomum villosum, cinnamon, star anise and fennel wrapped in gauze when cooking. Take out the cooked meat, put it on the grate in the pot, add sugar and smoke. Pan Zhi meat has developed to more than ten varieties, such as roast pork, beef, donkey meat, chicken, rabbit meat and sausage. Features fat but not greasy, with barbecue flavor.
Chicken, duck, and Lehe used wheat instead of buckwheat flour, squeezed it out in a densely drilled bed, and named it Lehe with chicken and duck meat, "stupid meat" and small seasonings. Because the halogen is mainly chicken and duck, it is named "chicken and duck are happy". After the continuous processing and development of folk food artists, it has become a favorite pasta. It is famous for its exquisite production, complete seasonings and delicious soup, and is well received by the masses for its delicious taste and low price. 1997 chicken, duck and music were rated as "Chinese famous snacks" and "Shandong famous snacks" by China Cuisine Association and Shandong Provincial Department of Trade respectively.
Chaotianguo originated from the folk morning market in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. At that time, farmers in wei county could not eat hot meals, so some people set up large iron pots in the market to cook hot meals for passers-by. Because the pot has no cover, people call it "Chaotian pot". Boiled in the pot are pork, meatballs, dried tofu and so on. When the soup boiled and the meat was rotten, customers sat around the pot. The cook in charge of the pot scooped up the hot soup, added some coriander and soy sauce, and prepared pancakes for himself. Then, according to the customer's requirements, chop the intestines and stomach, put them on the cake, pinch the salt, roll them into a fire tube and give them to the customer. Because of its economic benefits, the broth is scooped with the drink and is deeply loved by the masses. After continuous improvement, Weifang Chaotian Pot was recognized as "China Famous Snack" and "Shandong Famous Snack" by China Cuisine Association and Shandong Provincial Department of Trade with 1997 respectively. With the development of commerce, Chaotian Pot has spread all over the city, and now it has developed into a kind of "Chaotian Banquet". This feast consists of chicken and donkey meat simmering soup, mainly boiled whole pig, including pig's head, liver, lung, heart, belly and intestines, with more than a dozen seasonings and cold dishes such as sweet noodle sauce, vinegar, soy sauce, pickles, pepper, onion, ginger, star anise, cinnamon, salt, coriander, sesame oil and radish strips. Diners sit around a special table. In the center of the table is a cauldron with a diameter of 50 cm and a depth of 65 cm. The mouth of the cauldron is flush with the desktop, and there is special fuel at the bottom of the cauldron. There is a gap in the round table. The waiter scoops out the meat in the pot and cuts it according to the requirements of the guests for them to taste slowly. "Chaotianguo" is fat but not greasy, rich in nutrition, delicious, and the soup is light but not turbid. When it is used with pancakes, its taste is endless.
Linqu whole lamb feast is a variety of dishes with good shape, taste and fragrance made from different parts and viscera of sheep by different cooking methods, and given auspicious names. Although it is a whole sheep, it has no sheep name. Such as Longmen gum, Ganoderma lucidum, Shuangfengcui and so on. A sheep does more than 80 kinds. Exquisite knife work, exquisite seasoning, frying, sliding, exploding, burning, stewing, stewing, simmering and frying. Alcohol is not greasy, and it has the characteristics of soft material, light taste, moderate taste and crisp freshness. The "whole sheep soup" made from various parts of sheep's body is sour, spicy, plain and delicious. Dishes made with eyes, ears, tongue and heart, such as night flowers, welcome fans, welcome herbs, exquisite Five Blessingg, crossing the sea by the Eight Immortals, are crisp, tender and delicious, and have a unique style. In the serving procedure, it is cooled first and then heated, followed by sheep's head and hoof, with vegetarian dishes in the middle.
The acropolis fire is like chopping fire, dustpan fire and shuttle fire. More famous and distinctive are barbecued pork head fire and fat baked crisp fire. The barbell head is burned out, so it is named because the surface of the fire is so hard that it can't be rubbed by hand and needs to be pressed with a wooden pole. It's round and big, about 250g each, with thick sides and thin inside, and a bulge in the middle. It is characterized by hard noodles, no paste spots when cooked, crisp to eat and more fragrant when chewed. Because the flour is baked hard with fire, it contains less water, and it is easy to eat and cook, so it is suitable for traveling. Fat baked crispy fire is named after a special kind of fat baked crispy fire. Use the best lard crisp, mix in a proper amount of steamed flour, add a proper amount of pepper and cinnamon when oiling, pick out the fried pepper and cinnamon after oiling, and then mix with flour to form a flame. The charred skin is made of sesame oil and flour, wrapped in a stove and roasted with slow fire. It is characterized by crispy skin, fragrant but not greasy.
The three main processes of making Ma Song cake are dough mixing, dough awakening and "branding". Stir the superior flour with moderate proportion of warm salt water into balls, knead them repeatedly, and cover them with bags after the texture is bright. When the dough looks flowing instead of flowing, move it to the dough table and tear it into small pieces. After the dough is flattened, it is layered repeatedly, and peanut oil is coated on both sides of the dough in the middle. Then it is rolled into a disk as thin as copper coins and spread on a shovel. The color is white with Yellowstone. Take it off and let it cool completely. Masong cake is characterized by fine burnt flowers, cooked but not paste, bright color, soft fragrance, oily but not greasy, slightly salty and fragrant, and appetizing.
Barbecue steak
"The harem is full of makeup, and beauty has a secret recipe. There are many famous dishes in the royal banquet, only barbecue. " According to reports, when Su Dongpo, a great scholar in the Song Dynasty, was demoted from Bianjing to Mizhou, Zhao Yong of Song Shenzong sent a chef named "Taking Care of Life" because he appreciated his poems. It was really early, and the secret convenience of "Barbecue Steak" spread to Zhucheng. 1997 was awarded "Famous Snacks in Shandong Province" by Shandong Provincial Department of Trade.
What is the history of Weifang 1? Weifang has a long history. As early as 7000 years ago, people lived and settled here. During the Xia and Shang dynasties, there were countries such as irrigation, cold land and Sanshou. At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, King Wu established Taigong Wang Qiyu and Du Yingqiu (now Changle). During the Spring and Autumn Period, the present municipal districts belong to Qi, Lu, Qi, Ju and other countries. During the Warring States period, all the major ministries were in Qi, and Zhucheng and other places belonged to Lu. During the Qin Dynasty, there were Jiaodong County and Gaomi County in the east, Linzi County in the west and Langya County in the southeast. In the Han Dynasty, the city was under the jurisdiction of Qing and Xu Cishi, and was subordinate to Beihai, Langya and Qi counties and Pingchuan, Gaomi and Jiaodong counties. During the Three Kingdoms period, this land belonged to Wei. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the land in the Southern Dynasty was Liu Song, and the land in the Northern Dynasty belonged to Wei Yuan. The cities of the Sui Dynasty belonged to Beihai and Gaomi County. The Tang Dynasty belonged to Henan Dao, Qing Dynasty and Mi Dynasty. Yuan belongs to the propaganda and comfort station of Dongxi Road, Shandong Province, Zhongshu Province, located in Yidu Road. Qingzhou and Laizhou set up cities in Ming Dynasty, which belonged to Shandong Chengxuan Bureau. The Qing Dynasty belonged to Qingzhou and Laizhou in Shandong Province.
2. During the Republic of China, it belonged to Jiaodong Road, Laijiao Road and Ziqing Road first, and then to Shandong Province on 1927. 1948 Wei County was liberated and Weifang Special City (a province directly under the Central Government) was established. 1June, 949, Weifang Special City was renamed Weifang City, which is still a provincial city. Weifang 1950 waste, 195 1 reconstruction. Is a county-level city, belonging to the agency of Changwei. 1967 March 13, Changwei area was changed to Changwei area. 1981July, Changwei area was renamed Weifang area. 1983 10, cancel the regional organizational system, rebuild the provincial (prefecture-level) city, use the original Weifang name, and implement the system of city governing county. It has jurisdiction over four districts of Kuiwen, Weicheng, Fangzi and Hanting, six cities (counties) of Qingzhou, Zhucheng, Anqiu, Changyi, Shouguang and Gaomi, and two counties of Linqu and Changle, with a total of 152 townships and 38 sub-district offices.
3. There are countries such as watering, searching, cold and longevity in summer. Shawn and other countries were sealed up. Zhou belongs to Qi, Shandong, Hebei, Qi and other countries. Qin belongs to Jiaodong, Linzi and Langya counties. Han belongs to Qingzhou and Mizhou. Song belongs to East Road. Yuan is the propaganda department of Yidu Road and Dongxi Road in Shandong Province. The Ming and Qing Dynasties belonged to Qingzhou and Laizhou. 1928 counties directly under Shandong province * * *. From the founding of the People's Republic of China to 1988, the administrative structure at the prefecture level is mainly Changwei area, Changwei area, Weifang area and Weifang city.
How old is Weifang? More than 7000 years old.
Weifang has a long history. As early as 7000 years ago, people lived and settled here. During the Xia and Shang dynasties, there were countries such as irrigation, cold land and Sanshou. At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, King Wu established Taigong Wang Qiyu and Du Yingqiu (now Changle). During the Spring and Autumn Period, the present municipal districts belong to Qi, Lu, Qi, Ju and other countries. During the Warring States period, the major ministries were in Qi, and Zhucheng and other places belonged to Lu. During the Qin Dynasty, there were Jiaodong County and Gaomi County in the east, Linzi County in the west and Langya County in the southeast. In the Han Dynasty, the city was under the jurisdiction of Qing and Xu Cishi, and was subordinate to Beihai, Langya and Qi counties and Pingchuan, Gaomi and Jiaodong counties. During the Three Kingdoms period, this land belonged to Wei. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the land in the Southern Dynasty was Liu Song, and the land in the Northern Dynasty belonged to Wei Yuan. The cities of the Sui Dynasty belonged to Beihai and Gaomi County. The Tang Dynasty belonged to Henan Dao, Qing Dynasty and Mi Dynasty. Yuan belongs to the propaganda and comfort station of Dongxi Road, Shandong Province, Zhongshu Province, located in Yidu Road. Qingzhou and Laizhou set up cities in Ming Dynasty, which belonged to Shandong Chengxuan Bureau. The Qing Dynasty belonged to Qingzhou and Laizhou in Shandong Province.
During the Republic of China, it first belonged to Jiaodong Road, Laijiao Road and Ziqing Road, and was cut in 1927 and then returned to Shandong Province. 1948 Wei County was liberated and Weifang Special City (a province directly under the Central Government) was established. 1June, 949, Weifang Special City was renamed Weifang City, which is still a provincial city. Weifang 1950 waste, 195 1 reconstruction. Is a county-level city, belonging to the agency of Changwei. 1967 March 13, Changwei area was changed to Changwei area. 1981July, Changwei area was renamed Weifang area. 1983 10, cancel the regional organizational system, rebuild the provincial (prefecture-level) city, use the original Weifang name, and implement the system of city governing county. It has jurisdiction over four districts of Kuiwen, Weicheng, Fangzi and Hanting, six cities (counties) of Qingzhou, Zhucheng, Anqiu, Changyi, Shouguang and Gaomi, and two counties of Linqu and Changle, with a total of 152 townships, 38 sub-district offices and 9600 natural villages.
1987, Yidu county was abolished and Qingzhou city was established. 1April 20, 987, Zhucheng county was abolished and Zhucheng city was established.
199265438+On February 7th, Wulian County of Weifang City was placed under the jurisdiction of Rizhao City.
1June, 993, Shouguang County was abolished and Shouguang City was established.
1994 65438+1October 18, Anqiu County was abolished and Anqiu City was established. 1may, 1994 18, Gaomi county was abolished and county-level gaomi city was established. 1June, 994, Changyi County was revoked and county-level Changyi City was established. On May 23rd, 1994 Kuiwen District of Weifang City was established, with jurisdiction over four sub-district offices of Dongguan, Dongyuan, College and Xincheng, three towns of Dayu, Shilibao and Liyuan, and seven villages of Liujiashawo, Lijiashawo, Nanjia, Guojia, Lujia, Gaojiajian Touyuan and Wujiajian Touyuan in Junbukou Town.
On June 30, 2003, Nanliu Town of Anqiu City was placed under the jurisdiction of Fangzi District of Weifang City. On July 4th, 2003, Shandong Province approved the transfer of Qingchi Sub-district Office of Fangzi District to the jurisdiction of Kuiwen District. By the end of 2003, there were 152 townships, 38 sub-district offices and 9,600 natural villages in the city.
In 2007, Weifang adjusted its administrative divisions. After adjustment, there are 67 towns, 1 township and 49 streets in the city. Among them, Huangqibao Town and Zhaoge Town of Anqiu City and Taibao Town of Changyi City are under the jurisdiction of Fangzi District; Put Dajiawa Street in Shouguang City under the jurisdiction of Hanting District.