From an unknown mistress to the concern of Parisian upper class, the dialogue between Francois Cheng (Cheng Jixian) and the teaching celebrities in Ephesus began with this paper. The following books are all extensions of this book. Although this book is small, it is more vivid. Its research method caused an uproar. Therefore, Francois Cheng's later doctoral thesis defense, its attendees and influence, relatively speaking, is much more common, far less than his master's thesis's influence on celebrities. Francois Cheng's master thesis defense committee is composed of roland barthes and Sheikh Nai.
Dai Miwei (Teacher Xie Henai) and Professor Jie Shui are also very helpful to the success of this paper. After the book was published, psychologist Jacques Lacan, one of the doctoral supervisors in Ephesus at that time, showed great interest and immediately started a long dialogue with Francois Cheng until Lacan died. At that time, Lacan was introduced by Levi Strauss to teach at Ephesus. Like Levi Strauss, Lacan is one of many teachers who pay attention to the young student Francois Cheng. The cover and calligraphy of Zhang Shiwen's Structure Analysis were written by Xiong Bingming, which made it a very precious and rare masterpiece in his early works.
Cheng Jixian joined the English Department of Nanjing Jinling University (merged into Nanjing University in 1952) in 1947, and went to France with his father (then famous educator Cheng Qibao, education officer of Nanjing National Government in Paris) in 1948. Cheng Bao got his first official job (1960) after 0/2 years in France, and his first diploma from a famous public school (1969, diploma from Ephe, grand ecole public) after 20 years in France. In the first 12 years when he first arrived in France, he lived in poverty and had no formal job. However, Francois Cheng studied French by himself, studied French in the French Union Association, read all the classics of French literature in the Saint-Geneva Library in Paris, and studied in various universities in Paris. In fact, because Francois Cheng (Cheng Jixian) didn't finish college in China (only studied for half a year, that is, he arrived in France with his father), Francois Cheng, like many celebrities in the Republic of China, didn't have a bachelor's degree. For example, Zong Qinghou did not have a junior high school diploma, but he was promoted to be a professor at the University of Hong Kong. Since then, Cheng's experience of studying languages in the French NGO "French Union General Association" (whose diploma is not recognized by the Chinese and French Ministries of Education), auditing in various universities in Paris, and studying hard for self-taught exams in the Paris library seems to be equivalent to Cheng's completion of his "undergraduate" learning process by studying hard. However, in a foreign land, this lonely struggle is so sad that the normal four-year undergraduate course in Francois Cheng has been delayed to twelve years (1948- 1960). But as he said in his self-report-"There is fire in his chest" and "Opportunities only belong to those who are prepared", without this self-improvement process of improving his strength through self-study, Francois Cheng would never have a decisive opportunity to be admitted to Professor Demi Wei, a Bole.
1960, Francois Cheng met Professor Demi, a famous sinologist, and got his help. As an "assistant", he entered the academic affairs office of Damivi, the base camp of French structuralism and symbolism school, and the national famous school Ecole pratique des hautes etudes (Ephe). In France, it is common sense that a Grande Ecole is higher than a university. It is not easy to work in this great school and study, get results and graduate at the same time. Therefore, Francois Cheng first translated French into Chinese, which laid a good foundation for the contribution of Taiwan Province Province. At that time, Braudel, a professor of the Fourth Department of Ephesus, had just been transferred to the Sixth Department (4e Department) to replace his mentor Lv Xian faivre as the head of the Sixth Department. Due to Braudel's special concern for China civilization, he founded the China Research Center in Six Departments. The center includes a linguistic research center in China (founded by Li Jiale Regalov Alexis). Thanks to the help of Professor Dai Miwei, "I didn't get my first formal job until I came to France for more than ten years"-I "didn't suffer from the problem of not having a diploma in my pocket at that time". When Cheng Bao was a teaching assistant at the Paris School of Political Science, he began to translate amateur literary works (mainly French poems into Chinese) and sent the translated works to Taiwan Province and other literary journals. This is the source of several French poems translated by Cheng today. His Chinese translation is quite skillful and has vivid praise.
After Cheng Bao 12, he entered the Paris Institute for Advanced Studies in France, referred to as "Hautes Etudes" for short, and the French Institute for Advanced Studies. French name: Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, official abbreviation: EPHE, national nature: Grand etablissement public, Dependent direct du Minister de l 'en segment superieuret de la research de la France. Ephe was founded by Victor Duruy, Minister of Education and historian of Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte, and is directly under the French Ministry of Higher Education. Its nature 150 years has not changed, famous teachers gather and enjoy world prestige (de renommée internationale). Students do papers in this school, and their diplomas have always enjoyed a high reputation in France. EPHE Chinese name, also translated: French Institute of Advanced Studies, Institute of Advanced Studies, Sorbonne Institute of Advanced Studies, French Institute of Advanced Research and Practice, French Institute of Advanced Research and Experiment, and so on.
The diversity of school names in Chinese translation is caused by the word "pratique". In French, French professors used to call EPHE "Hautes Etudes" for short, that is, the French Institute for Advanced Studies. Because the literal "Pratique" in Ecole pratique des Hautes Etudes is a research method, not an administrative attribute). 1868, EPHE was simply called "Institute of Advanced Studies" by its founder Victor Druui. Durui, the founder and minister of education, never hides his ambition: his intention of establishing the Institute for Advanced Studies (EPHE) of the University of Paris is to carry forward the innovative spirit of the old Paris University. You can't give up your ambition in order to create. Il aurait alors notice:? The Institute of Advanced Studies is a university, and I put it on the campus of the University of Paris. During this development, he became more and more crazy. ? ) 。 Since Duroy founded the school, there have been many celebrities in the history of Ephesus. Because we attach importance to experiments, we have solid knowledge, broad vision and steady innovation. The doctoral supervisor of this school almost dominated the main genre of western liberal arts innovation in 19-20 century. Saussure's linguistic school, yearbook school, structuralism, symbolism school, French Assyrian studies, French Egyptology, French Dunhuang studies, French Greek studies, French Turkic studies, French Vatican studies, and Paris city history. . . 19-20 century, all major high-end liberal arts schools in the west were born here. Paris is the eye of the storm of the major western liberal arts schools in the twentieth century. That profoundly affected the United States and Britain on the other side of the ocean. The English and American versions are often the first contact in China academic circles. In the 1960s, Francois Cheng (Cheng Jixian), as a 40-year-old "young man" wandering in a foreign land, was independent and constantly striving for self-improvement, throwing the cultural essence of Chinese ancestors into the celebrity heap in Paris, which caused a sensational effect and made China culture well-deserved. Subsequently, Tsung i Jao, a Hong Kong scholar, was invited to be a visiting professor at the European Institute in Paris from the late 1970s until he was awarded the honorary doctor of the European Institute in Paris and the French Knight's Order in the 1990s. The original China culture was introduced to western European scholars and thinkers. 1962- 1969 after eight years of "lonely diligence", Francois Cheng obtained EPHE (French: Diplome de l'EPHE, degree: master BAC+5; Nature: public university diploma; The famous French sinologists who have obtained this degree are: Xie Henai, an academician of the French Academy; Fu Feilan, Dean of French Far East College; Wang Demai, Head of the Department of East Asian Civilization in Paris; Christopher Schipper, academician of Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences, etc. Francois Cheng's first mentor was Peking University Luo Changpei and Lao She's French disciple Regalov Alexis. The defense members of his thesis are roland barthes and Sheikh Nai (disciples of Demi Wei). After the defense of the master's thesis "Analysis of Zhang's Poetry Structure" was successfully passed, (Cheng Jixian) became famous at one fell swoop, which attracted the attention of many world-class scholars (such as roland barthes, Levi Strauss, Graeme ·A·j· Grimas, etc.) who taught at Ephesus at that time, and he began to work with him from then on.
Francois Cheng's master's thesis "Zhang" was published in the following year (1970) in Paris Mouton, the stronghold of structural anthropology led by Levi Strauss, and Paris Iver, the stronghold of the yearbook school led by Lv Xian faivre and Braudel (Cheng Chi-Xian, Analysis of the Poetic Forms of Tang Poets, Iver and Paris Mouton Edition 1970). In order to obtain the diploma of Higher School of Practical Studies, Professor Alexis' work is introduced as follows: 1969. ) 。 Zhang, the first French premiere, was personally asked and recommended by Kristeva. Subsequently, at the invitation of Editions Seuil, who enjoys a serious academic reputation, he expanded his master's thesis "Zhang" and published the famous pamphlets "A Study of China's Poetry Language" and "A Study of Chinese Painting Language" successively. Later, with the publication of three pamphlets, he made an exception and passed the doctoral defense directly (he didn't write a real doctoral thesis as usual)-1979, and Francois Cheng obtained his doctorate in the Department of Seven Civilizations in East Asia (the Seven LCAO in Paris) founded by Professor Cheyenne Xie Henai of the University of Evr. Since then, Francois Cheng has been teaching in the University of Narko after retirement, teaching Chinese and China culture for a long time, and has been invited to give lectures in other institutions for many times. 1998 Francois Cheng was invited to give lectures in Peking University, so he returned to China for the first time after 50 years in France. After middle age, Francois Cheng stopped academic research and turned his interest to literary creation. Many personal poems and novels have been published in French. His French novel Yi Tian Yan won the Femina Prize for Literature in France. In 2002, Francois Cheng was elected to the French Academy of Sciences, becoming the first China academician in 400 years. On June 5438+February 1 day, 2006, Ambassador Zhao Jinjun of Chinese Embassy in France attended the ceremony that Wan Gang, President of Tongji University, awarded the honorary professor certificate to Mr. Francois Cheng, an academician of the French Academy. The ceremony was presided over by Qu Xing, Minister of the Embassy in France, and attended by more than 40 Chinese and foreign guests, including Bai, Public Counselor of the Ministry of Education, Peng Yuwen, Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee of Fudan University, and representatives of French universities and enterprises. Subsequently, the French Ambassador to People's Republic of China (PRC), Mr. Kong Quan, also visited Professor Francois Cheng many times.
Francois Cheng wrote many works in French, including introducing French culture and translating works of French literary masters. He was praised by French academic circles as "a tireless ferryman between Chinese and Western cultures". Many of his works have become the main reference materials for the study of China's paintings and poems in western academic circles, and his poem "Stones and Trees" was selected in Selected French Poetry in the 20th Century. Francois Cheng's daughter Cheng Ailan also made great contributions to China culture. Anne Cheng, a famous sinologist, studied English at Paris Normal University in her early years. Later, she found that although she was born and raised in France, she could not be recognized as French, so she changed to sinology and studied sinology under Jean-Pierre Dieny, a famous French sinologist and professor of advanced studies in Evre. The respected Professor Xie Henai once again became the defense judge of Cheng Ailan after more than 20 years. 1998, the representative work "The History of China Thought" won the Stanislas Julien Award, the highest award in Western Sinology. In 2008, nominated by French sinologists Xie Henai and Wang Demai, he was elected to the French Academy, taking over as the highest chair of French sinology taught by Henry Ma Bole, Demivi and Xie Henai. The Analects translated by Francois Cheng's father and daughter is still the most authoritative French translation, and it was made into audio books and records in 2009. In the west, it is as good as the English version of The Analects translated by Gu Hongming.
Francois Cheng became a French citizen on 197 1. In 2002, Francois Cheng was elected as an academician of the French Academy, which has only 40 lifelong academicians. Francois Cheng is the first and only Asian academician, and the first sentence of Wen Tianxiang's Song of Benevolence and Righteousness is engraved on the hilt of his sword.
On 20 12, Francois Cheng was elected as one of the top ten outstanding alumni of Nanjing University.