1. Multiple choice questions: This part includes 20 questions, each with 2 points and 40 points. Only one option in each question best fits the meaning of the question.

1. When synthesizing the following substances, a template is needed.

A. Phospholipids and protein B.DNA and enzymes C. Sex hormones and insulin D. Neurotransmitters and receptors

2. The description about the structure and function of human cells is correct.

A.RNA can transmit and express genetic information in the nucleus. B ribosomes are the main sites for synthesis and processing in protein. C the ratio of protein to lipid in mitochondrial inner membrane is greater than that in outer membrane. Golgi apparatus is related to the formation of spindle during mitosis.

3. The following statements related to the production of fruit wine, fruit vinegar and fermented bean curd are correct.

A. The optimum temperature for making sufu is the highest. B. Fruit vinegar fermentation includes anaerobic fermentation and aerobic fermentation. The strains used are yeast, acetic acid bacteria and lactic acid bacteria. All the strains used have cell walls, ribosomes, DNA and RNA.

4. A research group obtained a rice mutant lacking lutein. The light absorption of its leaves was measured by red light irradiation, and the bands of pigment chromatography were analyzed (from top to bottom). Compared with normal blades, the experimental results are as follows.

A. There is a significant difference in light absorption, and the pigment band is missing Article 2. B. There is no significant difference in light absorption, and the second color band is missing. C. the difference of light absorption is significant, and the third color band is missing. D. There is no significant difference in light absorption, and the third color band is missing.

5. The narrative about human cell differentiation, aging, apoptosis and canceration is correct.

A. Cell differentiation leads to the selective expression of genes and the increase of cell types. B. Cell senescence is characterized by decreased enzyme activity, which is directly proportional to individual growth and development. C. apoptosis is controlled by genes, which is not conducive to individual growth and development. D. Cell canceration leads to the decrease of cell adhesion and easy dispersion and metastasis.

According to the theory of modern biological evolution, the following statement is correct.

A. Natural selection determines the direction of biological variation and evolution. B. The essence of biological evolution is the change of population genotype frequency. C. the change of gene frequency in the population is continuous between generations. D the contingency of gene frequency changes in a population decreases with the decrease of population size.

7. The narrative about transcription and translation is wrong.

A. ribonucleotides are used as raw materials in transcription.

B.RNA polymerase can recognize specific base sequences in DNA during transcription.

C. protein is translated by moving C.mRNA on ribosomes.

D different codons encode the same amino acid to enhance the fault tolerance of the password.

8. Nuclear pore is a selective nuclear-cytoplasmic exchange channel, and nucleophilic proteins need to enter cells through nuclear pore and play a role. The picture on the right shows the experiment of injecting nucleophilic protein into Xenopus oocytes. The following related statements are correct.

A. the entry of nucleophilic proteins into the nucleus is determined by the head. B. Nucleophilic proteins do not need vectors. Nucleophilic protein needs energy to enter the nucleus. D nucleophilic proteins enter the nucleus in the same way as glucose enters red blood cells.

9. The following statement about the human environment is wrong.

A. The specific binding of antigen and antibody occurs in the internal environment. B internal environmental components contain carbon monoxide, urea, neurotransmitters, etc. C. the amount of interstitial fluid infiltrating into plasma and lymph is very different. D. when the plasma composition is stable, the body reaches a steady state.

10. The related biomaterials are directly made into temporary pieces, and the phenomena that can be observed under the ordinary optical microscope are as follows: a. There are multiple chloroplasts in the epidermal guard cells of spinach leaves; B. There are many orange fat particles in the peanut cotyledon cells; C. There are many mitochondria in human oral epithelial cells; The nuclei in the epidermal cells of purple onion scales are clearly visible.

1 1. The picture on the right shows the cell division of animals with AABb genotype. The relevant judgment is wrong.

A. This cell is a secondary spermatocyte or a secondary egg cell. B. Gene A in this cell is produced by mutation of gene A. C. This cell may form two kinds of sperm or an egg cell. D. This animal cell contains at most four chromosomes.

12. The statement about "the experiment of phagocytosis infecting bacteria" is correct.

A. Phage is cultured in a culture medium containing radioisotope S and radioisotope P.B. The phage labeled with S and P are infected with unlabeled Escherichia coli respectively, and kept warm for a long time. C. In the infection experiment of S-labeled phage, a small amount of radioactivity in the sediment may be caused by insufficient stirring. The infection experiments of D.P. and S- labeled phage showed that DNA was genetic material, but protein was not.

13. The picture on the right is the pattern diagram of reflex arc (A, B, C, D and E represent the components of reflex arc, and I and II represent the components of synapse). The relevant statement is correct.

A. The transmission of excitement in normal human reflex arc is unidirectional. B. cutting off d and stimulating b will not cause effector contraction. C. The excited signal change of structure C and structure B at the same transmission speed D. II is an electrical signal chemical signal.

14. The narrative about the application of modern biotechnology is wrong. A. protein Project can synthesize protein that does not exist in nature. Somatic hybridization can be used to clone animals and prepare monoclonal antibodies. C. Plant tissue culture can be used for detoxification of plant shoot tips. Animal cell culture can be used to cultivate transgenic animals.

15. The following statements about the preparation and application of enzymes are correct.

A. Enzymatic hydrolysis and water swelling are often used to prepare microbial intracellular enzymes. B dialysis, electrophoresis and acid hydrolysis are commonly used to separate and purify enzymes. C cotton fabrics cannot be washed with washing powder with cellulase. D pepsin in multienzyme tablets is located in the core layer of tablets. The following statement about plant tissue culture is correct.

A. Callus is a group of parenchyma cells with specific structure and function. B, dedifferentiating and redifferentiating the pollen of diploid plants to obtain genetically stable plants. C, packaging embryoids and calluses with artificial films to prepare artificial seeds. Salt-tolerant mutants of plants can be obtained by adding appropriate amount of NaCL to the culture medium and screening.

17. The Hengduan Mountains in the southwest of China are considered as the key areas of global biodiversity. The research results of butterfly biodiversity at different altitudes are shown in the following table. The following statement is correct.

A. The surprise of different vertical zone preparation types is the result of community succession. B the difference of vegetation types in different vertical zones reflects the spatial structure characteristics of communities. C butterfly species diversity has nothing to do with vegetation types in vertical zones. D butterfly species diversity has nothing to do with the climate characteristics of each vertical zone. 18. The following description of embryo engineering is wrong. A. In vitro fertilization means that potential sperm and mature eggs are fertilized in corresponding solutions. B. Embryo transfer can only be carried out when the fertilized egg develops to gastrula stage. C serum is usually added to the culture solution of early embryo culture and animal cell culture. D. IVF technology mainly includes in vitro fertilization, early embryo culture and embryo transfer.

19. in the experiment of "crude extraction and identification of DNA" with chicken blood, the relevant statement is correct.

A. adjust the concentration of NaCl solution to 0. 1.4 mol/L with distilled water, and filter out the precipitate. B adjusting the concentration of NaCl solution or adding papain can remove some impurities. C, dissolving silk in 2 mol/LNaCl solution, and adding diphenylamine reagent to make it blue. D. Take cauliflower instead of chicken blood as the experimental material, and the experimental operation steps are the same.

20. The following descriptions of several ecological events in Jiangsu Province are incorrect. Spartina alterniflora originated in America, and spread rapidly after it was introduced into Jiangsu coastal area, which changed the biodiversity of beaches and belonged to biological invasion. B. Crayfish originated in America and spread rapidly after it was introduced to Nanjing through Japan, which was harmful to farmland, but it became delicious on the table and did not belong to biological invasion. Elk originated in China. However, it was later extinct in China, introduced from Europe and implemented ex situ conservation in Dafeng Restoration Nature Reserve. Red-crowned cranes breed in the northeast of China and migrate to the coastal beaches of Jiangsu for the winter. Yancheng has established a nature reserve for in-situ protection.

Second, multiple-choice questions: this part includes 5 questions, each with 3 points, totaling 15 points. Each question has more than one option that fits the meaning of the question. If all questions are correctly selected, 3 points will be scored, and no points will be scored for other situations.

2 1. It is found that arsenic (As) can be enriched in plants and transformed into highly toxic organometallic compounds, which affects the plant height, root length and dry weight of rice. After adding P (similar to As atomic structure), the content of P in rice stems, leaves and roots increased, while the content of As decreased relatively, and the growth of rice accelerated during drought. The reasonable explanation for this phenomenon is

A.As is enriched in rice cells, and the structural characteristics of cell membrane determine that B. As enters rice cells, which leads to the inactivation of related enzymes and affects the absorption of As by metabolic cells. It is related to the type and quantity of carriers on the cell membrane. D.p. is an important element that constitutes phospholipids, nucleic acids and ATP. It can promote the growth and development of rice. 22. Mutations that may occur in both mitosis and meiosis are as follows: a. Gene mutation is caused by the increase, deletion or change of base pairs during A.DNA replication. B. free combination between non-homologous chromosomes leads to gene recombination. C. Some fragments are exchanged between non-homologous chromosomes, resulting in chromosome structural variation. D. The four chromosomes formed after centromere division cannot move to the two poles, resulting in chromosome number variation.

23. The rhizome of a certain kind of iron wire can be used as medicine and has important economic value. The following table shows the effects of different shading treatments on photosynthesis, and the relevant statements are correct.

A. Proper shading treatment can increase its dry weight.

B. Chlorophyll content is positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate.

C. chlorophyll a/b can be used as a judgment index of its ability to use weak light.

D, when shading is 90%, clematis does not carry out photosynthesis.

24. There are two monogenic genetic diseases in a family (see the figure below), one of which is a sex-linked genetic disease. The correlation analysis is correct: A. A disease is autosomal dominant inheritance, and B disease is recessive inheritance mixed with X chromosome.

The pathogenic genes of B.Ⅱ-3 are all from I-3.

There is one genotype for C Ⅱ-2, and there are two possibilities for C Ⅲ-8 genotype.

D if ⅲ-4 and ⅲ-5 get married, the probability of having a child with two diseases is 5/ 1225.

The population density changes of cotton aphids with different initial densities (1 and 20 heads/leaf) were studied in the field test station under the conditions of open and closed cotton aphid occurrence period. Cotton leaves with the same specifications and quantity were placed in each experimental group, and the results were as follows. The truth of this story is

A. The population with the same initial density drops first under open conditions than under closed conditions, which may be related to emigration.

B. The population with the same initial density reached the peak density in the open condition than in the closed condition, which may be related to immigration.

C. Under the open and closed conditions, when the population reaches K value, the population begins to decline.

When the population declined, the intraspecific struggle began to weaken under open and closed conditions.

Third, non-multiple choice questions: this part includes 8 small questions, with a total of 65 points. 26.(8 points) The figure on the right shows the change curves of yeast population, glucose concentration and ethanol concentration in different culture stages. Please answer the following questions: (1) The place where yeast respiration occurs in the AB section of the curve is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; The respiration mode of yeast in the BC section of the curve is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. (2) The main reason for the decline of yeast colony from point C is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. (3) During T 1-T2, the main reason for the rapid increase of glucose consumption per unit time is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. (4) A classmate sampled at T3, and the number of yeasts counted was obviously higher than that at point D, which may be caused by errors in ▲, ▲ and the counting of blood cell counting board.

27.(9 points) Figure 1 shows the fluctuation of the average egg production of hens in different months in a certain area at 50℃ north latitude, and Figure 2 shows the physiological regulation process of hen reproductive activities (A and B represent organs, and A, B and C represent corresponding hormones). Please answer the following questions: (1) As can be seen from Figure 1, the main environmental conditions affecting the monthly egg production of hens are ▲. (2) The names of hormone A and organ C in Figure 2 are ▲ and ▲ respectively. (3) The physiological significance of c→ A and c→ B in Figure 2 lies in ▲. (4) It is known that hormone A molecule is a polypeptide, and its receptor is located in the target cell. (5) Take blood from C's vein for testing. The types of hormones contained in plasma are ▲ (fill in the following serial number) 1 1, 22 kinds, 33 kinds and more than 43 kinds. (6) Alkylphenol is a lotion with stable molecular structure and similar physiological function to hormone C. Long-term feeding of feed contaminated with alkylphenol will affect the secretion of organs A and B, thus causing the secretion of hormone C.

28.(8 points) Onion (2n= 16) is a diploid plant. In order to compare the effects of different treatments on the mitotic index of onion root tip cells (that is, the percentage of mitotic cells in the field of vision to the total number of cells), a research and learning group carried out related experiments, and the experimental steps were as follows: ① Remove the old roots of onion, and take them out after rooting in water culture. ② Onions were divided into groups, transferred into 0.0 1% and 0. 1% colchicine solution at the same time, and cultured for 24h, 36h and 48h, respectively. After colchicine treatment stopped, it was transferred to clean water for 0h, 12h, 24h and 36h respectively. ③ Cut off the root tip, fix it with Carnoy fixative (mixed with 3 parts of absolute ethanol and 1 part of glacial acetic acid) for 8 hours, and then soak the root tip in 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for 5 ~ 8 minutes. (4) Take out the root tips and rinse them in a Petri dish filled with clear water. ⑤ Carbonic acid-fuchsin reagent staining. ⑥ Production and microscopic examination; Count and take pictures. Experimental results: The cell division index (%) after different treatments is shown in the following table. Please analyze the above experiment and answer related questions: (1) The function of "soaking root tips in 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution" in step ③ is ▲. (2) Step ⑥ In order to obtain the corresponding observation field, the correct operation method for microscopic examination is ▲. (3) According to the knowledge learned, it is inferred that carbolic acid-magenta reagent is a kind of sex dye. (4) In order to make the statistical data more scientific, the counting method should be ▲. (5) According to the above results, the following preliminary conclusions can be drawn: ① The cell division index induced by colchicine solution with mass fraction ▲ is higher; ② Among all the treatments in this experiment, the best way to improve the cell division index is ▲. (6) The picture on the right is the micrograph taken by the classmate in step 6. The most likely cause of cell A formation is ▲.

29.(9 points) Water pollution caused by common bait, fish excrement and untimely water change in pond culture. The researchers designed a circulating pond culture system (as shown below). Please answer the following questions: (1) Compared with natural ponds, the ecosystem of artificial breeding ponds is stable in resilience. The content of N and P in the water of artificial culture pond is easy to increase, which will lead to eutrophication. Plankton, such as algae, proliferate in large numbers and are decomposed by microorganisms after death, which leads to the decrease of dissolved oxygen in water and the death of fish, further destroying the steady state of the ecosystem. This adjustment method is called ▲. (2) Compared with the traditional culture pond, the ecological engineering facilities added by the culture system are ▲. By planting aquatic plants and grazing animals in these facilities, the water body can be improved and the N and P contents in the water body can be effectively reduced. (3) The culture system is designed such that the top water of the previous pond flows into the bottom of the next pond to realize the exchange of water layers, and its purposes are as follows. (4) There should not be too many ponds in series in aquaculture system, because ▲. (5) It is necessary to keep proper N and P contents in pond water, and the aquaculture system can be adjusted by ▲, ▲.

30.(7 points) Synthetic plant hormone analogues are often used in production practice. A research team studied the effects of hormone analogue A and hormone analogue B on rooting and lateral bud growth of mini-rose. Please answer the following questions: (1) The preliminary conclusion drawn from figure 1 is that the effects of hormone analogue A and hormone analogue B on the rooting of mini rose cuttings are ▲ and ▲ respectively. (2) Judging the effect of hormone analogue B of 0.5 on rooting from the result of 438+0 in Figure 65 (fill in "can" or "can't"). In order to explore the combined effect of 30.5 hormone analogue A and 0.5 hormone analogue B on the rooting of mini rose cuttings, it is necessary to design seed matrix. (3) It is known that A is an auxin analogue, and Figure 2 shows the effects of its three concentrations of X, Y and Z on the lateral bud growth of the stem segment of mini-rose, so: ① A with the concentration of X has an influence on the lateral bud growth of the stem segment of mini-rose. ② The relationship among X concentration, Y concentration and Z concentration is ▲. 3 1.(8 points) In order to explore the effects of plant enzymes on the growth and digestive enzyme activities of perch, the researchers designed and conducted relevant experiments. The experimental steps and results are as follows: ① Domestication of perch: the perch fry captured from the ocean were raised in floating seawater cages 14d, and fed with common feed for later use. (2) Feed preparation: 200 mg phytase is added to each kilogram of common feed to prepare enzyme-added feed; Make ordinary private chat and enzyme feed into granules with the same size, and dry and preserve them. (3) Feeding of perch: The perch with strong physique and the same size are randomly grouped and stocked in floating seawater cages with the same specifications, and the stocking density is 60/box. The bass in the control group were fed with proper amount of common feed regularly, while the bass in the experimental group were fed with the same amount of enzyme feed at the same time. ④ Weighing record: After 8 weeks of feeding, 20 bass were randomly selected from each cage and weighed. The results showed that the average weight gain rates of the control group and the experimental group were 859.3% and 947.2%, respectively. ⑤ Prepare samples of digestive enzymes in the intestinal tract of perch, and measure the activities of digestive enzymes. The results are shown in the following table. According to the above experiment, answer the following questions: (1) Step ① The main reason for choosing bass fry instead of adult fish is ▲; The purpose of domestication before the experiment is to ▲ (2) pay special attention to the drying of the feed prepared in step ②, because ▲ (3) the irrelevant variables that should be controlled in step ③ mainly include ▲ (4) the preliminary conclusion of this experiment is ▲ (5) to infer the feeding habits of perch and explain the reasons ▲.

32.(8 points) Maize non-waxy gene (w) is dominant to waxy gene (w), and yellow endosperm gene (y) is dominant to white endosperm gene (y). These two pairs of alleles are located on chromosome 9 and 6, respectively. W- and W- represent the partial deletion of the chromosome of the gene (the deletion fragment does not include W and W genes), and the deletion does not affect the meiosis process. Pollen with chromosome deletion is sterile, while magnetic gametes with chromosome deletion are fertile. Please answer the following questions: (1) The existing genotypes are Ww, ww, WW, WW? The conclusion that "the pollen with chromosome deletion is sterile and the magnetic gamete with chromosome deletion is fertile" can be verified by the test crossing of six maize plants, and the genotype of the test crossing parent combination is written. (2) The genotype W-w is the female parent, the genotype W-w is the male parent, and the later type and its ratio are ▲. (3) The types and proportions of fertile male gametes produced by individuals with WW-YY genotype are ▲. (4) Now carry out orthogonal and reciprocal experiments. Orthogonal: WwYy(♀)×W-wYy (), reciprocal W-wYy(♀)×WwYy (), then the phenotype and proportion of orthogonal and reciprocal offspring are ▲, ▲ respectively. (5) F 1 and F 1 were obtained by crossing WWyy and wwYY as parents, and F2 was generated by self-crossing. In F2, non-waxy white endosperm plants were selected and pollinated with each other, and the phenotype and proportion of offspring were. 33.(8 points) Please answer questions related to genetic engineering: (1) The amplification principle of objective factors by PCR technology is similar to that of intracellular DNA replication (as shown in the figure below). The primer in the figure is a single-stranded DNA fragment, which is the basis for synthesizing and extending sub-chains. ① Theoretically, the proportion of DNA fragments containing primer A in the products of the fourth cycle is. ② Two DNA fragments with the same length of deoxynucleotide chain began to appear in the products of the first cycle. (2) Designing primers is one of the key steps of PCR technology. The two sets of primers designed by a classmate (only partial base sequences are marked) are unreasonable (as shown below). Please explain the reasons separately. ① Group 1: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Group 2: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Group 3: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Group 5, Group 4, Group 5. Group V, Group V, Group V, Group V, Group I, Group IV, Group V, Group IV, Group V, Group V, Group V, Group V, Group V, Group V, Group V, Group V, Group V, Group V (3) The PCR reaction system contains thermostable DNA polymerase, and the following expression cannot reflect DNA polymerase. (4) The same plasmid was cut by restriction endonucleases EcoRV and MboI individually or jointly, and the length of the obtained DNA fragment was as follows (1kb, i.e. 1000 base pairs). Please draw the cleavage sites of EcoRV and MboI on the plasmid at the specified position on the answer sheet.

Reference answer to biological questions 1. Multiple choice questions: This part includes 20 questions, each with 2 points, totaling 40 points. 1.B 2。 C 3。 D 4。 B 5。 D 6。 C 7。 C 8。 C 9。 D 10 A 1 1。 A 12。 C 13。 A 14。 B 15。 A 16。 D 17。 D 18。 B 19。 B20。 B 2. Multiple choice questions: This part includes 5 questions, each with 3 points, totaling 15. 2 1.BCD 22。 ACD 23。 AC 24。 ACD 25。 AB three. Non-multiple choice questions: This part includes 8 questions, with a total score of 65 points. 26.(8 points) (1) Aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration of cytoplasm matrix and mitochondria (2) When the ethanol content is too high, the pH value of the medium decreases.