At the end of the Qing dynasty, the Qing court set up nine districts headed by the governor. That is, the governors of three northeastern provinces, Zhili, Liangjiang, Guangdong and Guangxi, Hunan and Hubei, Fujian and Zhejiang, Shaanxi and Gansu, Yunnan and Guizhou, and Sichuan. So how big is the area managed by these nine governors? What are their duties? What is the final outcome? Here I will reveal the secret for everyone.
Governors of three northeastern provinces
The governors of the three northeastern provinces have jurisdiction over Fengtian, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces, and are in charge of the military and political affairs of the three provinces. It can be said that in terms of status, the governors of the three northeastern provinces are the first governors in the world. After all, he is in charge of Manchuria, the land of Longxing of Manchu. The predecessor of the governors of the three northeastern provinces is General Shengjing. At that time, the military and political affairs of the three northeastern provinces were almost all managed by General Shengjing. But in the late Qing dynasty, with the relaxation of the ban policy, refugees gradually went out to farm, which is well known to future generations? To the east? .
With a large number of Shanhaiguan Han people entering the northeast, the previous system of combining the flag with the people in the three northeastern provinces obviously can not meet the current needs. Finally, in the thirty-third year of Guangxu, the Qing court set up provinces in the three northeastern provinces, changed General Shengjing to be the governor of the three northeastern provinces, took charge of the general affairs of the three provinces, and added governors of Fengtian, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces, with Xu Shichang as the first governor of the three northeastern provinces. However, unlike the mainland governors, the powers of the governors in the three northeastern provinces are far greater than those in the mainland. When the Qing court set up the governors of the three northeastern provinces, it was clearly stipulated that the governors were the highest consuls who were above the governors of the three provinces and had all administrative, military and financial powers, unlike the mainland governors who could only control the governors but could not directly manage them. Even until Xuantongyuan, the governors of the three northeastern provinces directly took over as the governor of Fengtian.
It can be said that the rulers of the three northeastern provinces are as later generations said. Gai had no power except the feudal lords who carved up the country and the vassals who suppressed the aliens in the colonies. ? But only three governors in the three northeastern provinces have such great power, and the last governor is Zhao Erxun. 19 12 February 12, Xuan Tong was forced to abdicate under the pressure of Yuan Shikai, and the Manchu Dynasty perished, which was followed by the end of the governor's rule in three northeastern provinces. During the Republic of China, there were no governors in the three northeastern provinces, but governors in Fengtian, Jilin and Heilongjiang, which were managed by the central government.
Governor zhili
The governor of Zhili governs Zhili, Shandong and Henan provinces, is in charge of the military and political affairs of the three provinces, and is responsible for the canal management of the Haihe River system; Manage the trade and westernization of Zhili, Shandong and Fengtian provinces, and handle affairs such as diplomacy, coastal defense, tariffs and official industries; He is also in charge of Luchang Salt Administration and Zhili Governor.
In the fifth year of Shunzhi, in order to effectively organize forces to resist the military attack of Nanming, the Qing court set up three provincial governors in Zhili, Shandong and Henan provinces. Shunzhi fifteen years, changed to zhili governor. In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi, the Qing court decided to set up the post of governor in fifteen provinces such as Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Guangdong, so the governor of Zhili became the governor of Zhili and customized it from then on. The first governor of Zhili was Miao Cheng, an important official of the Qing Dynasty.
19 12 February 12, the Manchu Dynasty was declared extinct, and the governor's rule in Zhili region also came to an end. The last governor of Zhili was Zhang. In the post-Beiyang government period, the north of Zhili Great Wall was changed to Jehol and Chahar, which were managed by Jehol and Chahar respectively. Later, during the period of 1928 national government, Zhili was changed to Hebei province, which was managed by the chairman of Hebei province.
Governor of liangjiang river
The Governor of Liangjiang governs Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi and Shanghai, and is in charge of all military and political affairs in three provinces and one city. He is also responsible for river dredging and dikes in Jiang Cao and Jiangsu, managing salt affairs in the two provinces, and managing trade affairs in Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo, Shanghai, Chaozhou, Qiongzhou and Danshui. Westernization? Waiting for business.
The predecessor of the Governor of Liangjiang was the Governor of Jiangnan, Jiangxi and Henan established in Jiangning in the fourth year of Shunzhi. After that, Henan was managed by the governor of Zhili, while Jiangnan was divided into Jiangsu and Anhui provinces. Later, in the twenty-first year of Kangxi, the Qing court established Jiangxi, Jiangsu and Anhui as viceroy areas, and the governor of this area was named the governor of two rivers, which was later customized. The first governor of the two rivers was Yu Chenglong. With the demise of the Qing Dynasty, the Governor of Liangjiang was abolished, and Zhang Xun was not taken over as the Governor of Liangjiang. In the post-Beiyang period, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Anhui and Shanghai set up overseers and civil affairs chiefs respectively to manage the military affairs and government affairs of the provinces.
governor of Guangdong and Guangxi
The governor of Guangdong and Guangxi governs Guangdong and Guangxi, and always leads the military and political affairs of the two provinces. The predecessor of the Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi was the Governor of Guangdong, who was also in charge of Guangxi. In the second year of Kangxi, the Qing court also set up the post of governor of Guangxi, but it was soon abolished, and Guangxi government affairs were once again managed by the governor of Guangdong. Later, in the twelfth year of Yongzheng, Guangxi and Guangdong were officially managed by a governor, that is, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. The first governor of Guangdong and Guangxi was Hermida.
After the demise of the Manchu Dynasty, the Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi was abolished, and the former Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi was Zhang. Later, during the Beiyang government, the duties of the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi were replaced by the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi and the chief of civil affairs of Guangdong and Guangxi.
Governor Huguang
Governor Huguang governs Hunan and Hubei, always leads the military and political affairs of the two provinces, and concurrently serves as the governor of Hubei. In fact, twenty-six years after the reign of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, Governor Huguang was called Governor of Hubei instead of Governor Huguang. It was only in the Ming Dynasty that Hunan and Hubei were under the control of Huguang Province, so people used to call this governor Huguang. The first governor of Huguang was Cai Yurong.
After the demise of the Manchu dynasty, the governors of the two lakes were abolished, and Duan was not the governor of the two lakes. During the Beiyang period, the governors of the two lakes were replaced by the governors and civil officials of the two lakes.
viceroy of min zhe
The Governor of Fujian and Zhejiang governs Fujian, Zhejiang and Taiwan provinces. He has always led the military and political affairs of the three provinces and concurrently served as the governor of Fujian. The predecessor of the Governor of Fujian and Zhejiang was the Governor of Fujian. In the fifth year of Shunzhi, the governor was renamed as the governor of Zhejiang and Fujian, and was in charge of Fujian. In the fifteenth year of Shunzhi, Zhejiang and Fujian set up the post of governor respectively. Later, in the twelfth year of Kangxi, the governor of Zhejiang was abolished and Zhejiang was changed to the governor of Fujian. Three years later, it was renamed Governor of Fujian and Zhejiang. It was not until Qianlong merged the Governor of Zhejiang and Fujian into the Governor of Fujian and Zhejiang in three years that it became customized. Eleven years after Guangxu, Taiwan Province Province was established, and the Governor of Taiwan Province Province was also in charge of Fujian and Zhejiang. The first governor of Fujian and Zhejiang was Yang.
After the demise of the Manchu dynasty, the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang was abolished, and Song Shou was not replaced by the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang. During the Beiyang period, the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang was succeeded by the governor and the chief of civil affairs.
Governor of Shaanxi and Gansu
The governor of Yili, Shaanxi, Gansu, is in charge of the military and political affairs of the three provinces, as well as the affairs of tea horses and governors. The predecessor of the Governor of Shaanxi and Gansu was the Trilateral Governor of Shaanxi established in the second year of Shunzhi. He was in charge of Sichuan and Gansu provinces. After the Governor of Sichuan was established separately in the 57th year of Kangxi, it was renamed Governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi three years later. After 25 years of repeated management, Qianlong changed its name and customized the Shaanxi-Gansu Governor General Association. The first governor was Yin Jishan.
After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, the Governor of Shaanxi and Gansu was abolished, but the Governor of Shaanxi and Gansu was not replaced by Chang Geng. During the Beiyang government, the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu was replaced by the border governor of Shaanxi and Gansu.
Governor yungui
Governor Yungui governs Yunnan and Guizhou provinces, always leads the military and political affairs of the two provinces, and is also in charge of the affairs of the governor of Yunnan. The predecessor of Governor Yungui is the Governor of Guizhou. In the third year of Kangxi, the Qing court abolished the governor of Yunnan and changed Yunnan to the governor of Guizhou. In the twenty-sixth year of Kangxi, Governor Yungui began to customize it. In the tenth year of Yongzheng, Governor Yungui was in charge of Guangxi. Two years later, it was abolished and returned to Yunnan-Guizhou. The first Governor of Yunnan and Guizhou was strictly Hong Chengchou.
When the Qing Dynasty perished, Governor Yungui was abolished, and Li Jingxi did not take over as Governor Yungui. During the Beiyang period, Yungui was changed to overseer and civil affairs chief.
Sichuan governor
The governor of Sichuan governs Sichuan, always leads the military and political affairs of a province, and is also the governor of Sichuan. In the fourteenth year of Shunzhi, the governor of Sichuan was established, which was later abolished. Sichuan was successively managed by the governors of Sichuan Lake, Shaanxi and Gansu and Huguang. In the thirteenth year of Qianlong, due to the dispute between Jinchuan and Jinchuan, the governor of Sichuan was reinstated and customized. The first governor of Sichuan was Liu.