Tao Yuanming, who returned from Pengze, gave up his official position and wrote three wonderful essays: Farewell, Peach Blossom Garden and Biography of Teacher May 6th. These three wonders have a great influence, especially the Peach Blossom Garden.
This is because the prototype of Peach Blossom Garden has been concerned by scholars and local governments since the publication of Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden. In order to occupy the Peach Blossom Garden, more than 30 places across the country are vying for it.
There are three ways to understand the geographical problems in Peach Blossom Spring. First of all, talk about Tao Yuanming's life and resume; The second is to seek from the changes of ancient and modern geography; Third, look for S Peach Blossom Garden or other texts from Tao Yuanming's original works. It is impossible for a person to leave so many footprints without leaving a trace.
(1) Tao Yuanming's resume
Tao Yuanming (352 or 365-427) was named Qian, and his calligraphy was profound and bright. He was named Teacher May 6th and Sister Jing in private. He was born in Chaisang, Xunyang. A great poet and poet at the end of Eastern Jin Dynasty and the beginning of Southern Song Dynasty. He has served as Jiangzhou Wine Festival, Jianwei Army, Zhenjun and Pengze County Order. The last official was Pengze county magistrate, who left after more than 80 days, so he retired to the countryside. He is the first landscape idyllic poet in China, known as the originator of reclusive poets in ancient and modern times, and has the serial number of Tao Yuanming Collection.
Tao Yuanming's short experience:
1. Tao Yuanming, a world-famous master of fine interpretation, was born in Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) Chaisang. Grandfather Meng Jia, a celebrity in Jin Dynasty. Grandfather is a satrap; My father has made great contributions to the situation, and the specific deeds cannot be verified, but his father has a concubine. It seems that Tao Yuanming's family was not bad earlier.
At the age of 2.8, his father died; At the age of twelve, my aunt passed away. This family is in decline.
3. Tao Yuanming was influenced by Confucianism and Taoism since he was a child. He likes quiet, especially reading, and no, I don't like colluding with others.
Tao Yuanming started his career at the age of 4 or 20 to make a living. At the age of 29, he served as a wine sacrifice in Jiangzhou (this is an official position, which cannot be verified for the time being). Soon, he became a bureaucrat, resigned and went home. The country made him the principal book again, but he refused to go and still lived at home.
At the beginning of the fourth year, its capital was Long 'an (AD 400). A year later, he returned to Xunyang to bury his mother.
6. After the expiration of Ding You's three years, Tao Yuanming became an official again and became the general of the town army, Liu Yu.
7. In March of the first year of Yixi (AD 405), Tao Yuanming joined the army as General Liu Jianwei.
8. In August of the first year of Yixi (AD 405), Tao Yuanming was the last official of pengze county. In November, Cheng Shimei (who should be his half-sister) died in Wuchang. Yuan Ming wrote "Gui Xi Ci", refused her resignation, and officially began her seclusion until the end of her life.
9. In the fourth year of Yixi (AD 408), in mid-June, Tao Yuanming's home caught fire and was completely destroyed, and he was forced to move.
10. In the 11th year of Yixi (AD 4 15), the imperial court named him Zuolang in Zhongshu, but Tao Yuanming failed to apply for the exam due to illness.
1 1. In the 14th year of Yixi (AD 4 18), Wang Hong became the secretariat of Jiangzhou, and made friends with Tao Yuanming about one or two years later. There are anecdotes between them, and the wine is free.
12. In the first year of Yuanjia (AD 424), he made friends with Tai Shouan and Tao Yuanming. There is an anecdote that Gong Yan paid for drinks.
13. In the fourth year of Yuanjia (AD 427), Tan Daoji heard the name of Tao Yuanming, went to see him, offered some meat, and persuaded him to become an official. Tao Yuanming rejected him and refused to accept Liang's meat. In the same year, Tao Yuanming died in Xunyang.
The address of Xunyang mentioned in Peach Blossom Garden, namely Xunyang City and Xunyang City, is the ancient name of Jiujiang City in Jiangxi Province today. The section of the ancient Yangtze River that flows here is called Xunyang River. Guxian County is located in the north of the Yangtze River and is the Yang of Xunshui. Alias: Sung Hoon, Jiujiang, Chaisang.
On the other hand, Hongnong and Shangluo in the north are the portraiture of dock wall life at that time. The most famous modern discussion about the origin of Peach Blossom Garden is The Story of Peach Blossom Garden published by Chen 1936. Teacher Chen Yinque pointed out in his "Peach Blossom Spring" that "Peach Blossom Spring" is a documentary article, and its content comes from real objects. Then he came to the conclusion through textual research that the Peach Blossom Garden should be located in Hongnong or Shangluo in the north, and it should be located in Qin and Qin in the Qin and Wei Dynasties, not Qin and Qin.
As for Hongnong or Shangluo in the north, Tao Yuanyin has never been there in his life, and there is no other conclusive evidence in the literature, so his theory of Peach Blossom Garden is not credible.
(2) The prototype of Journal of Tsinghua mainly includes the following contents:
Mainly based on:
First, according to historical facts: In the 24th year of Qin Shihuang, Wang Jian conquered Chu, and Prince Xiong Yi (Kang Wang) took refuge in Lushan Valley. The headland was in a hurry, and suddenly there was a strong wind and thunderstorm, so the headland troops had to move forward. You can't see the valley when you take it off. Because of its name, it is called Gulekang Wanggu. The records of the Valley of King Chu and the Valley of King Kang in the Tertiary are the same. Jiangxi was a Chu land in ancient times, and the descendants of Kang Wang avoided the chaos of Qin Dynasty in Lushan Valley, which is exactly the same as the historical background of the circumstantial evidence year of Taohuayuan. Because the ancestors of Yunzu brought their wives and fellow villagers to this desperate situation in order to avoid the chaos of the Qin Dynasty and did not want to come back.
Second, the geographical origin "Peach Blossom Spring" cloud: Lujiang leaves Huang San, the provincial capital, pengze county in the north and Lujiang in the northwest. Hui Yuan Cloud Peach Blossom Garden Interpretation: The mountain is located in the south of Xunyang, Jiangzhou, facing the palace in the south and the palace lake in the south. The ancient Lushan River is the prototype of taohuajiang, and taohuajiang is the geographical origin of Peach Blossom Garden.
Third, Xiao Tong's "Peach Blossom Spring" said according to the place of origin: Tao Yuanming, Xunyang Qiaosang people. His poem "Notes on Water Classics" said: Ugly Jia entered Beijing, which is the Yujing Mountain, 30 miles west of this county. Kang Wang is near the second and third former residences of Tao Yuanming.
Fourth, allusions say that Tao Yuanming and Lu became close friends, and they often talked about classics. Hui Yuan, on the other hand, can't go out because he is absorbed in spiritual practice, but neither will he if you don't follow the custom. Don't cross the Huxi Bridge. Occasionally, when three people were talking about promoting agriculture, they accidentally bumped into the Huxi Bridge, which made the temple protector and the tiger fly into a rage. Only then did they suddenly stop and laugh at each other. Later generations regarded it as the San Xiao of the West Lake. The only way between Tao and Lu is from the most stony Kang Wang Valley to the ancient mountain road of Tuolin Temple, which shows that he knows the environment, customs and scenery of Kangwang Valley like the back of his hand.
Fifth, in Kangwang Valley, there are still sites of Kangwangguan and Kangwangcheng. In Bankang village, there are sixty or seventy villagers named Kang, which have been passed down from generation to generation. Fan Kang and Xiong Er are not allowed to get married (Gai Xiong is the surname of King Kang), so they are descendants of King Chu, and his surname is the title of Kang Wang, which is the Valley of King Kang-Peach Blossom Garden.
Sixth, scholars all over the country have reached a consensus on the prototype of Kang Wang Gunai's Lushan Story. During the national academic seminar of Tao Yuanming held in Xing Zi County from 65438 to 0986, the famous scholars attending the seminar made a field trip to Kangwanggu and spoke highly of it. Peach Blossom Garden-Like an environmental model in a valley.
Of course, Tao Yuanming's teacher S wrote Peach Blossom Spring for the purpose of feeling the complexity and impetuousness of society. Therefore, it becomes less important where his address actually refers in the Biography of Tao Yuanming. Because he didn't mean anywhere, but he invented an ideal place in his mind. There is no exploitation, no cheating, no corruption, no welcoming and sending, and no one is high or low. Let's weave hard, live in harmony and do our own thing well. This may be the real purpose of Tao Yuanming's writing this article "Returning to the Old Residence".