Sean, the word ovary, was also called Liu Hou. Born in an unknown year, he died in BC 185. According to legend, he was a city god (now southeast of Bo County, Anhui Province) during the Qin and Han Dynasties. Born into a noble family, his father and father Fu are both Xiang Han. After Han was destroyed by Qin, he tried to recover North Korea. He appointed an assassin to hit Qin Shihuang with a big iron cone weighing 120 Jin, but failed. Therefore, he was sentenced to flee and hide in Xiapi (now Suining North, Jiangsu). After the uprising of Chen Sheng and Guangwu, Sean immediately gathered people to respond. He first voted for Xiang Liang, Xiang Yu's uncle, and persuaded Xiang Liang to let a descendant of a Korean aristocrat be korean king, thus realizing his ideal of restoring Korea. After Wang Han was killed by Xiang Yu for taking refuge in Liu Bang, Sean returned to Liu Bang and became his main counselor. He was far-sighted and won the battle, and was appreciated and admired by Liu Bang, praising him as an outstanding figure who "strategized and won thousands of miles". He made immortal contributions to Liu Bang's victory in the Chu-Han War, was a great contributor to the founding of the country in the Han Dynasty, was called one of the "three outstanding heroes of early han dynasty" by historians, and was a famous great strategist in Chinese history.
There is a story in the history books: Sean was wanted for the attempted assassination of Qin Shihuang, so he had to change his name and surname and fled to Xiapi to hide. One day, he went out for a walk and met an old man in brown on the bridge. It happened that the old man's shoes fell under the bridge. After seeing Sean, he said rudely to Sean, "Young man, pick up my shoes from under the bridge!" " Sean was born in a noble family. He was angry at this rudeness, but when he saw that the other person was an old man, he put up with it and went to the bridge to pick up his shoes and gave them to the old man. I don't want the old man not only not to pick up his shoes, but also to strut his feet and let Sean help him put them on. After all, Sean has self-restraint, so he did the good deed to the end, knelt on the ground and carefully put on shoes for the old man. The old man smiled without saying thank you. Sean was very surprised. After a while, the old man came back and said to Sean, "I can teach you. See you at dawn for the next five days. " Five days later, Sean came to the bridge at the appointed time. The old man is already there. He scolded Sean for coming late and asked him to come back five days later. Five days later, Sean arrived at the crow ahead of time, but the old man had already stood on the bridge and lost his temper. He complained that Sean should not be late and asked him to come back five days later. This time, Sean accepted the lessons of the previous two times and came to the bridge in the middle of the night to wait in advance. After a while, the old man came happily and said happily, "That's right." So the old man gave Sean a book and said, "If you read this book well, you can become the king's teacher. The world will be in chaos in ten years. Thirteen years later, you and I will meet in northern Hebei, and Huangshi at the foot of the ancient city (now southwest of Pingyin, Shandong Province) is me. " After the old man left, Sean opened the book and found it was The Art of War (that is, Jiang Shang). Sean, as a treasure, studied day and night and gained the mystery of this book. In the future, he will become a counselor who is proficient in military strategy, resourcefulness and both civil and military skills, and will be used by Liu Bang to achieve great things. 13 years later, Sean went to Gucheng, and there was a statue of Yellowstone National Park at the foot of the mountain.
This is obviously a myth and legend. The old man "Huangshi" may not be true, but it should be true that Sean got and read The Art of War. This story reflects that Sean was studious, persistent, ambitious, educated, polite and trustworthy since he was a child. These are the indispensable qualities and manners of a great man.
Zhuge Liang was born in the 4th year of Han Dynasty (A.D. 18 1) and died in the 12th year of Jianxing, the last ruler of Shu and Han Dynasties (A.D. 234). Zhuge Liang took the world as his responsibility, read a lot of books on astronomy, geography, politics and military affairs, and often exchanged views and talked about state affairs with Xu Shu and other celebrities and gifted scholars. According to the book Shan Jian, during his farming in Longzhong, Si Mahui recommended him to worship Gong Jiu as a teacher in Lunan Lingshan, where he studied for more than a year. Similar to the way that today's tutors take graduate students, he learned such famous books as The Secret Record of Three Talents, The Array of the Art of War by Sun Tzu and The Prosperous Age of Loneliness. After a long period of knowledge and wisdom preparation, Liu Beiqu respected sages under the recommendation of Xu Shu and Si Mahui, and his "three visits to the thatched cottage" was assisted by Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang talked with Liu Bei about "Long Zhong Dui" before he was a rookie, and put forward the strategy and tactics of rejuvenating Han by taking advantage of the situation. He said: "Since Dong Zhuo, heroes have risen side by side, and countless people have crossed the state and even entered the county. Compared with Yuan Shao, Cao Cao is less famous and has fewer people. However, Cao's victory over the strong with weakness is not only a matter of time, but also a matter of human harmony. "Today, millions of people in Cao Cao are vassals with the emperor. This sincerity is indisputable. According to Sun Quan, he lived in Jiangdong for three generations, and the country was in danger of the people. He can use it. It can be used for aid, but not for profit. Jingzhou is bordered by Han and Mian in the north, benefiting from the South China Sea, Wu Hui in the east and Bashu in the west. This is a country that uses force, but its owner can't stay. This is almost heaven, so it is a general. Does the general care? Yizhou is a dangerous place, fertile land is thousands of miles away, and the land of abundance makes Gaozu emperor. Liu Zhang is weak, Zhang Lu is in the north, the people are rich but ungrateful, and the wise think of the wise. The general is the emperor's palace, loyal to the four seas, commanding heroes, thinking of the wise and thirsty. If there is a Jing Yi crossing, the rock resistance will be protected, while if there is Sun Quan in the west and Yi Yue in the south, the world will change, and a general will be ordered to turn the army of Jingzhou to Wanluo, and the general will lead the people of Yizhou out of Qinchuan. Who dares not eat kettle pulp? If this is the case, the hegemony can be reached and the Han family can flourish. " Zhuge Liang pointed out the correct strategic policy for Liu Bei to expand his power and seize and consolidate his political power. First, he annexed Liu Biao and Liu Zhang, occupied Jingzhou and Yizhou, and as a base area, he fought against Cao Cao and Sun Quan. Do a good job in United front work and unite Wu against Cao; Rectify and manage internal politics, economy and military affairs, improve relations with neighboring ethnic minorities, stabilize internal affairs and preserve strength. Once the time is ripe, divide your troops into two northern expeditions to Cao Cao and realize reunification. Later practice really made Liu Bei, who was outnumbered, weak and without a foothold, started a career and established the Bashu regime.
Whether originality is successful or not, it is important to have a general grasp of the object of originality and consider the problem from the overall situation and the whole. Zhuge Liang's management of Bashu better embodies the comprehensive management, especially the integration of politics, economy and military, which not only governs the country but also the army, and the integration of soldiers and farmers. This originality and its practice have played a very good role in the political, economic and military prosperity and development of Bashu. At that time, Bashu people were few and the country was weak, unable to support the army. Zhuge Liang put forward that "grain and army are the most important" and put the development of agricultural production in the most important position. "Only advise agriculture, no time; Only thin and rich, endless wealth for the people ","the tiller has his valley, and the people are closed. " In carrying out this wise policy, we should streamline the army and control its number. In addition, the rule of the country should be closely integrated with the rule of the army, so that the army can use the gap time to "stop fighting and persuade agriculture", divide its troops and plow the fields, and implement the integration of soldiers and agriculture to reduce the burden on the people. Even during the tense war, the army rotates regularly, so most of the troops stay at the front and some are transferred back to the rear. He personally presided over the construction of Jiuli Dike of Paitiao River in the northwest suburb of Chengdu. He regarded Dujiangyan as the "capital of the country", and assigned 1200 able-bodied men to stay in the weir area to protect and scour the river.
In order to manage the country and the army as a whole, Zhuge Liang's intellectual thought also attaches great importance to the development of science and technology and the management of the whole economic cause. He specially set up a "salt captain" to manage "fire wells" and cook salt with natural gas. Set up the "Commander of the Golden Corps" to be responsible for the management of iron smelting production and the manufacture of weapons and farm tools. According to Zhuge Liang's "History of the Three Kingdoms", "Ming is better at ingenuity, and gains and losses are all unexpected." Liu Ma, a cow, has played a great role in the transportation of the army and the country.
Governing the country and the army complement each other, as Zhuge Liang said: "The country is supplemented by the army, the monarch is supplemented by the minister, the strong is the national security, and the weak is the national danger." Under the guidance of Zhuge Liang's overall wisdom, Bashu has made great progress in economy and politics. Zhun Yuan, a native of A Jin, praised Zhuge Liang's remarkable achievements in governing the country and keeping the country safe, saying: "The land is open, the warehouse is solid, the equipment is favorable, the accumulated disadvantages are wide, the court is flashy and the road is not intoxicating." This well-fed situation has indeed laid a solid material foundation for the Han Shu regime to gain a firm foothold and coexist with the Cao Wei and Sun Wu regimes.
However, as far as the creation and contribution of the theory of ingenuity are concerned, the ingenuity at this stage is mostly the application and expansion of ingenuity during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and there are not many innovations, so it is difficult to surpass the heights of Sun Tzu, Woods, Sun Bin and Guiguzi. Take Sun Tzu's Art of War as an example. No book can surpass Sun Tzu's Art of War. This is from the perspective of military science. Politically and strategically, no book can reach the level of The Analects. For another example, although Qi Jiguang talked about training, it was certainly more comprehensive, novel and practical than Sun Tzu and other ancients, but their style of creating wisdom was not as dazzling as in the Spring and Autumn Period, especially in the Warring States Period, when wisdom reached its peak. Therefore, this stage is called the development stage.
Of course, although in terms of the creation and contribution of the theory of ingenuity, this period did not exceed the overall level of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. However, the wisdom of this period is not useless, and this period is more of a comprehensive and systematic practice, development and summary. For example, Zhuge Liang's political and military planning ability has reached a fairly high level. Liu Bei, relying on Zhuge Liang, put forward the famous "Longzhong Dui" in history, which is an example of high planning ability. At the same time, it is also an important task to develop some vague and even abstract principles of ingenuity in the Spring and Autumn Period. The most remarkable thing is to synthesize, classify, analyze and sort out the wisdom of the past, because people have developed printing technology and can produce a large number of wisdom books, which is unprecedented. In the Jin Dynasty, printing developed to a certain level, and works such as Sun Tzu's Art of War and Gathering Wisdom appeared. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were 1685 kinds of military books in the library.