Cheng Sui was the best in the early Qing Dynasty, which laid the foundation of Huizhou School.
In the middle of Qing Dynasty, seal cutting entered a prosperous period, and the seal cutting of Gao, Wang, Ba Weizu, Dong Xun, Hu Tang and others were all original and full of individuality. Among them, Ding Jing and Deng have the greatest influence and the highest achievements. Become the pioneer of Zhejiang School. This school has been inherited and developed by eight successors, including Jiang Ren, Xi Gang, Chen Yuzhong, Chen Hongshou, Zhao and so on, and has become the most influential seal cutting school in Qing Dynasty. These eight seal engravers are also called Xiling Eight. In the history of seal cutting, Deng is a pioneer who combines truth, grass, official script and seal script. Influenced by Cheng Xiang, his seal cutting was imitated by Huizhou School in the early days. At first, he entered the seal script with the small seal script, and later joined the seal script of Shi Guwen and Hanbei, which opened up a new way of printing outside India. Because Deng is an Anhui, his seal cutting is called Anhui School, also known as Deng School. Many seal engravers in the late Qing Dynasty were influenced by it, such as Wu Xizai, Xu Sangeng and Huang Shiling.
In the late Qing Dynasty, the seal cutting of Weng Danian, Wang Shijing, Xu Lun and others, although profound in skill, was suspected of lack of creativity. Only Zhao, Hu□, Wu Changshuo and these talented seal engravers, Zhao has deep attainments in painting and calligraphy, and seal engraving has been in and out of Zhejiang and Anhui schools. Wu Changshuo was a giant in the art world in the late Qing Dynasty, and was honored as Wu Pai by later generations, which had a great influence in the domestic and Japanese printing circles. There are many descendants of this school, among which Shi Zhao and Chen Shiceng are the best. Huang Shiling began to learn Wu Xizai's seal cutting, and later turned to Qin and Han seal cutting, especially like to use bronze inscriptions for printing; His seal cutting is simple and clumsy, and it has sprung up in the printing industry in the late Qing Dynasty. Because he lived in Guangzhou for the longest time, he had the greatest influence on Lingnan seal engravers. Some people call Huang Shiling seal cutting the Zhishan School.
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