Mr. Sun Wen once said: The tide of history is vast. Those who go along with it prosper, and those who go against it perish. This sentence can also summarize Zhang's legendary life.
In addition, it should be added that General Zhang and General Fang Xianjue (the main commander of Hengyang Campaign) are in-laws, and General Zhang's son married Fang Xianjue's daughter.
Kuomintang evaluation
After hearing this, Chiang Kai-shek wrote a eulogy: "My revolutionary force with absolute superiority was framed by bandits of inferior Ukrainians. This is an unprecedented loss, can you not be sad! " Chiang Kai-shek granted it the No.3 elephant, erected a monument on the Xuanwu Lake (demolished by the National Government after the defeat of Taiwan Province Province), renamed it Mengyin County, Shandong Province (1949 was restored to its original name), and named the British-aided 1 destroyer No. Zhang was the first martyr in Taiwan Province Province.
Personal profile
Zhang (1August 20th, 903-1May16,0947), Han nationality, was born in Chang 'an, Shaanxi. Lieutenant General of China Kuomintang Army, famous anti-Japanese general and patriotic general. Formerly known as Zhang Zhonglin, the word Fu Ling was later replaced by the word. 1903 was born on August 20th in Dongdaxi Village, Dongda Township, Chang 'an County, Shaanxi Province (now Chang 'an District, xi City). He used to be the commander of the 74th reorganization division of the Chinese National Revolutionary Army (known as the "trump card", "model division" and "Anti-Japanese Iron Army"). At the age of 45, he died in the battle of Meng Lianggu during the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Chiang Kai-shek called him "the first martyr of the Kuomintang".
1On August 20th, 903, Zhang was born in a farmhouse in Dongda Village, Dongda Township, Chang 'an. Zhang's father, with a well-off family, sent Zhang to a private school and entered a primary school at the age of 1 1. Later, I was admitted to Chang 'an Middle School. When young Zhang was in an 'an, he was attracted by the inscription in the Confucian Temple. Every holiday, he takes a pen and paper to the Confucian Temple to copy the inscription, and often forgets to eat. His calligraphy soon became famous in the whole school, and the school also held a calligraphy exhibition specially for him, with a large audience. This incident was heard by Yu Youren, an old soldier of the Kuomintang in Shaanxi. Yu Youren went to Japan to study, participated in the Allied Forces, and returned to Ann in 1922, serving as the commander-in-chief of the Beijing National Army and begging for the position of commander-in-chief of the First Northwest Road of the Thief Army. His calligraphy is famous all over the world, so I really want to see Zhang's calligraphy. At that time, Zhang put pen to paper and even wrote five banners. Yu Youren was surprised and overjoyed. He repeatedly said: "wizard, wizard, awesome afterlife!" "
Zhang loves history and likes to talk about the past and the present together, pointing out the mountains and rivers. 1923 After graduation, I went back to my hometown and worked as a primary school teacher for some time. After accepting the influence of the new ideological trend, Zhang did not want to be in the backcountry, but came all the way to Beijing and was admitted to the history department of Peking University. The student movement in Beijing is surging. While actively participating, Zhang deeply feels the weakness of students. In a fit of pique, he joined the army and went to Kaifeng, Henan Province, and joined the National Second Army Officer Training Corps in Hu Jingyi. 1926, Zhang, eager to join the revolution, participated in the secret enrollment of Guangzhou Huangpu Military Academy in Zhengzhou and was admitted. In the autumn of the same year, Zhang was admitted to the Fourth New Corps of Whampoa Military Academy to attend a refresher course.
1927 On March 8, at the opening ceremony of the fourth phase of the Army Military Academy, influential figures from China, such as Zhang, Lin Biao, Liu Zhidan, Yuan, Wen Qiang and Wen Qiang, stood together and listened to President Chiang Kai-shek's lecture. From this moment on, Zhang began his 20-year military career.
The general is the soul of the anti-Japanese heroic nation, especially the feat of leading the death squads to outsmart the isolated mountain. His legs were broken by Japanese machine guns and blood was spilled on the battlefield. During the Anti-Japanese War, I gave my life to forget my death. Seven shrapnel fragments in his body are still on the firing line. During the treatment of my leg injury in Hong Kong, I limped back to the battlefield without taking the doctor's advice. How many heroes can this general compare with China in ancient and modern times? In his letter to his brother, the general once said: "This war of resistance is a struggle for the survival of the country and the nation. The soldiers are fierce and dangerous, and life and death are uncertain. My family will never treat me like a dead man, and I will never reward my parents. Please support me in class and give birth on my knees. I hope my brother can teach me. Keep your wife and let nature take its course. "
The general is a gifted scholar of Peking University, with a good hand and superb military strategy. Based on his own combat experience, he has written many articles, such as Study of Encounter, Study of Mountain War, Psychological Analysis of Japanese War, How to Conduct River War with Inferior Equipment, My Experience of Trooping, etc. The general is the first professional soldier in China.
The general has good personal conduct and is strict with himself. He often uses allowances to solve the difficulties of his colleagues' families and improve the meals of the troops. Love your hometown and respect your elders. Every time I go home, I dismount three miles without wearing a uniform; You must ask the villagers about their warmth and coldness. Dozens of old people in Fiona Fang sent their children to his army to serve the country. The general is more than eight feet tall and handsome. How can such a hero not be amazing?
Zhang's turning point was the July 7th Incident. The National Government ordered that all officers and men serving sentences, except political prisoners, should be transferred to military service, make meritorious deeds to atone for their sins and retain their original ranks. Zhang, who came out of the mountain again, is grateful to his former boss, Wang, the teacher of 5 1 division. In order to show his determination to turn over a new leaf, he officially changed his name to Zhang.
In the whole War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, under the command of Wang, Zhang fought in the south and fought in the north, and experienced numerous arduous battles and bitter battles, composing the most beautiful page in his life. 1937, 5 1 division went to Shanghai to participate in the famous "August 13th" Battle of Songhu. Zhang Lailai 153 Brigade 305th Regiment took office, and won the love of the officers and men of the whole regiment for his bravery, decisiveness and good command in the Battle of Songhu. When fighting in Jiading, in the face of the Japanese invaders whose weapons and equipment far exceeded those of the national army, Zhang, who killed his eyes, threw away his upper body uniform and jumped out of the trench with a machine gun. He led 100 more than death squads to attack head-on, and beat the Japanese invaders to flight, flight and flight. Later, he led the regiment to repel the enemy's charge seven times in a row, killing more than 800 Japanese aggressors.
1937 65438+On February 5th, Zhang led the 305th regiment to build a new position near chunhua town to prevent the Japanese army from covering Wang 5 1 division from retreating into Nanking, and the two sides started a hand-to-hand battle. Zhang left arm was shot and injured, and the head of the regiment was still fighting, which was a lesson from the past. The officers and men are working hard. Under the leadership of Zhang, they took the lead in killing. After that, Zhang Fuling moved to Fangshang Town and Huayan Temple and fought fiercely for nearly five days. Five company commanders of the whole regiment 12 were killed or injured, and nearly a thousand officers and men were damaged. Zhang was seriously injured. Shortly after crossing the river, he bid farewell to the troops and returned to Xi 'an to recuperate.
In April, 1938 and 5 1 division passed the evaluation of the CMC in Huangpi, and obtained excellent evaluation from the CMC proofreader. Zhang's 305 regiment ranked first in the division after reading.
On May 28th, 1938, Zhang led the 305th regiment to participate in the battle of Sanyizhai in Lanfeng, with casualties of 100.
1938 During the Wanjialing War, Zhang, Major General and Brigadier of the 5 1 Division 153 Brigade, was ordered by the king to counterattack the Japanese invaders stationed in Zhangjiashan, Dean, Jiangxi. When discussing the battle plan, everyone thought that Zhangjiashan was difficult to capture because of its dangerous terrain. Zhang was angry and said, "You have all read The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. In order to capture Chengdu, the general of Wei State, Deng Ai, made a surprise attack on Shu State, taking elite soldiers over the level tone and the Motianling, and captured Jiangyou, Fucheng and Chengdu in one fell swoop. We can also imitate this battle example. At the same time, the army attacked from the front, and then selected a group of elite soldiers to sneak attack from behind the inaccessible Zhanggushan, achieving the effect of double attack. " Therefore, Zhang personally led the commando team to follow the example of Wargo and set out lightly, climbing trees and hanging trees, crossing the steep mountains and valleys, and the old forest hated water, and cooperated with the frontier troops to attack and fly away from Zhangjiashan. Then, unwilling to fail, the Japanese aggressors dispatched planes and heavy artillery to bombard and almost razed Zhangjiashan. Zhang led a bloody battle with the Japanese aggressors for five days and five nights. The position was recovered and lost, and the position was recovered again and again. I personally commanded the death line, with seven shrapnel in my body, and I didn't retreat from the line of fire with blood. Zhang Gushan's attack blocked the last retreat of the Japanese 106 Division, and eventually the whole army was wiped out. This is also the only example of eliminating a Japanese division in the eight-year Anti-Japanese War.
After Tian Han learned about the victory of De 'an, he was appointed by Guo Moruo, then director of the Third Hall of the Political Department of the Kuomintang Military Commission, to interview Zhang and others, publish the Central Daily, and write the drama De 'an Victory. Zhang appeared in the play with his real name and became famous in one fell swoop. After the Battle of De 'an, Zhang won the fourth-class Yunhui Medal and the third-class Baoding Medal. 1In March, 939, Zhang led troops to participate in the Nanchang Battle. In a battle, his right leg was swept by two bullets from the Japanese machine gun and was seriously injured. After the military doctor checked, he said, "The leg should be sawed off!" Zhang said to the adjutant, "If I am unconscious, you should stop the doctor from sawing my leg!" " After that, he gave the adjutant a pistol and said sharply, "Whoever saws my leg, you shoot him!" " "As a result, the right leg has not been cured. Because of the slow recovery from his leg injury, Chiang Kai-shek sent a plane to Hong Kong and asked the famous British surgeon Crystal to treat him. Shortly after the operation, Zhang read in the newspaper that soldiers should not go abroad for illness in wartime. Although the British doctor advised that it could be cured in January, he said that military life was inviolable and it was not a pity that soldiers died. Why not cherish one foot and return to the team early after the injury? Fu Ling was crippled and limped all the way. People nicknamed him "lame general".
/kloc-in the winter of 0/940, Zhang became the deputy commander of the 58th Division of the 74th Army.
1941March15th, Zhang served as the division commander of the 58th division (Liao Lingfu, the division commander of the 58th division, went to Yuelu Mountain in Hunan Province to study in the officers' training corps at that time, but did not take up his post), and commanded the 58th division to participate in the Battle of Shanggao. As the core unit of the 74th Army, the 58th Division, the first unit to make meritorious service in Shanggao Campaign, fought bloody battles with the 57th Division in Yu Chengwan.
194 1 Second Changsha Battle On September 26th, the Japanese army mobilized the 6th Division, the 3rd Elite Division and the 40th Elite Division, the culprits of the Nanjing Massacre, to besiege the 74th Army, and fought the 58th Division alone in Yong 'an against the 3rd Elite Division and the 1st 1 Division. The 3rd Division suffered heavy losses in the battle, with only 65438+ infantry. The Japanese army reported more than 800 casualties of the ancient painting brigade. 1 1 Ananwicki, the commander of the army, thought that the division suffered great losses after the Yongan War, so that he could not bear to let the division pursue Zhuzhou again. Judging from the actual losses reported in Japanese war history, it is likely to be greatly reduced. In the second Changsha Battle, about 58 divisions 1 1900 officers and men participated, with more than 40% casualties, of which nearly 10% were killed.
194 1 year1year1October 24th Zhang took over as the 58th division commander.
1June, 942, Zhang led the 58th Division to a bloody battle with the Japanese army in the periphery of Quzhou for three days, killing Jiro, the captain of the 3rd Brigade of the 86th United Front Work, and killing more than 4,000 people of the 74th Army.
On June 6th, 1943, the 58th Division of the 74th Army joined forces with the 5 1 Division to attack the Japanese army and merged into the17th Brigade and the 3rd Division. The two divisions cooperated to attack the enemy and merged into the 17 brigade, which made it the biggest loss of the Japanese army in this campaign. The captains of the 87th and 88th Brigade of the Independent Infantry Regiment are Asanuma-ki Kitaro. /kloc-in June of 0/3, Zhang led the 58th division to recover the public security.
1943+065438+ 10 Changde Battle, the main force of the elite Nanjing Massacre of the Japanese army 13 stormed Cili. In Cili area, only Zhang's 58th Division fought alone, and the 3rd Division, another elite division of the Japanese army, together with the rest of the 13 Division, fought against another 565438th Division of the 74th Army. 100 troops fought fiercely near Cili. The 74th and 100 troops resisted the attack of two elite standing divisions of the Japanese army for five days, of which 13 divisions suffered nearly half of the casualties after the war. Zhang changed from defending to attacking, stormed the remnants of 13 division, and led 58 divisions to recover Huangshi and Jiuxi. The 58th Division was slightly adapted and launched an attack on the 13 Division stationed by the Qijia River on February 8th, 65438. Together with the 5 1 division, it launched an attack on the enemy east and north of Qijiahe, and the last line of defense of the 13 division was finally broken. Qi Luli, the enemy division commander, was also injured in the battle. At this point, Zhang Wei was the main force, and joined hands with 5 1 Division to annihilate the Nanjing Massacre 13 Normal University. (The annihilation here includes killing, wounding and catching)
Zhang was awarded the Yunhui Medal for his outstanding performance in the peripheral operations of Changde Campaign. He was one of the few generals who had the honor to be decorated in Changde Campaign, and was praised as a "model soldier" by Chiang Kai-shek.
1944 during the Changsha campaign, Zhang commanded the 58th division in Yiyang and Ningxiang campaigns, killing 736 people, injuring 1697 people, and I died 1600 people. The 58th Division suffered heavy casualties. After the fall of Changsha, the 58th Division was one of the few troops commended by the Military Commission. Since then, Zhang has been fighting with the enemy forty divisions in Xiangxiang to Shaoyang. Until 10, Zhang and the 19 division who came to reinforce recovered Yongfeng, and then temporarily stationed in Yongfeng to make up the battlefield. After several days of fierce fighting, the casualties of the 58th Division increased day by day, exceeding a quarter. On July 23, Zhang asked the 74th Army to clear Hengyang. They fought fiercely with the 1 16 division, fought fiercely with enemy reinforcements for two days, and then sent troops to storm the Jin Lan Temple on the 27th. With the joint efforts of Zhang Hetang (19 division), the temple was finally recovered. On the 29th, Zhang arrived at Jiwo Mountain near Hengyang. Zhang is in charge of fighting against the Japanese army in Jiwoshan, and has been fighting with the Japanese army in Jiwoshan. Because Zhang has been fighting the Japanese army at the front line, when attacking near Hengyang, nearly 40% of the whole division was killed or injured, and the combat effectiveness was greatly reduced. By August 8, Zhang recovered Jiwo Mountain, and the door to Hengyang opened. On the same day, the 58th Division was an outstanding individual unit in this battle, and members of the Military Commission highly affirmed his outstanding achievements in various battles. 1August, 944, Zhang was awarded the Rongbaoding Medal for meritorious service. Soon after, he was awarded the Medal of Loyalty and Diligence, and the US military observation consultants embedded in the army also praised his performance. Zhang also won the American Golden Brown Medal of Freedom.
Civil war failure
Battle of Huaiyin
1In July 1946, the National Army concentrated 58 brigades to attack the East China Liberated Area, of which 3/kloc-0 brigades attacked the Jiangsu-Anhui Liberated Area and 27 brigades attacked Lunan to contain the Shandong People's Liberation Army. As the main force in the main force, the BGF 74th Division is responsible for attacking Huaiyin, which is the capital of the Jiangsu-Anhui Liberated Area and has very important military, economic and political significance. Even under the PLA's strategy of active defense, regardless of the gains and losses of one city and one place, it is an important place that must not be given up lightly. At that time, the main forces of the East China People's Liberation Army were the Shandong Field Army (under the command of Chen Yi for short, with a total of about 70,000 people) and the Central China Field Army (under the command of Hua Ye and Su Yu for short, with a total of about 1 1 10,000 people).
In July, the war situation in Huainan deteriorated. Except for the 6 th Brigade 16 Regiment and local troops, the rest of the PLA troops withdrew from Huainan. In September, the national army soldiers pointed at Huaiyin, and the 7 th Army attacked Siyang to cover the flank of the 74 th Division; The 74th Division belongs to 15 Corps of Engineers, and mainly attacked Huaiyin along the canal; Reorganized the 28th Division192nd Brigade as the reserve team, followed by the 74th Division. At this point, Hua Ye's main force is fighting in the Soviet Union (that is, seven wins in seven wars in the Soviet Union), and Shan Ye's main force is south of Shuyang. After the national army launched the offensive, the People's Liberation Army took Hua Ye 9 as the defense frontier and set up three lines of defense between the Canal and Hongze Lake.
On September 12, after three days of fierce fighting, the 7th Army of the National Army broke through the 9th vertical first line of defense. On September 13, the 7th Army and the 74th Division attacked at the same time, and broke through the second line of defense that afternoon. The main forces of Chen Yi and Shan Ye could not go south in time, so they had to rush into Huaiyin, but the roads and bridges along the way were damaged and could not arrive in time. "Chen Yi had to send an urgent telegram to Su Yu ... In short, Huaibei action was delayed due to subjective guidance errors; Five internal injuries, try to recover, and respect my brother's advice. "See the critical situation, Su Yu dispatched the 5th, 13 brigade to reinforce the north, and Su Yu led the main force 1 and 6th division to reinforce the north. However, from Hai 'an to Huaiyin, it is mostly a water network zone. When it rains heavily, the road is muddy, so the troops can only take the waterway, but there are not enough boats at one time, so they can only cross 1 brigade once. In addition, the national military aircraft is blocked and they can only move at night. The main force in central China arrived in Huaiyin on the 20th at the earliest. In fact, the outcome has been decided on 19.
On September 14, Tan Zhenlin and Zhang zhen set up a front-line headquarters on the south bank of the wharf to direct operations in Huaiyin area.
15 September, the two sides fought fiercely in Yangzhuang, Wharf and Xiaoqiao outside Huaiyin, and the 9 th, 5 th and 13 brigades fought to the death, especially the 13 brigade (Piding Army Brigade) which came all the way from Gaoyou was the most effective among the participating troops, and the two sides carried out nine counter-charges against the 74 th division that broke through the canal. That night, the 74th Division captured Yangzhuang and the wharf and approached Huaiyin.
/kloc-in June of 0/6, in order to ensure Huaiyin, Tan Zhenlin ordered the canal levee to be opened, and the attack of the 74th Division was delayed.
On June 5438+07, the situation became more intense. With the help of artillery and planes, the 74th Division organized five consecutive attacks. The PLA concentrated all its forces and firepower to confront it, but the first line of defense was broken.
18, Zhang went to the front line to supervise the war and launched a storm in the middle of the night. The 74th Division sent two companies from the junction of 9 vertical and 5 brigades to break through successfully, and according to the password confessed by the prisoners, they tricked into opening the south gate of Huaiyin, and immediately seized the favorable terrain to establish a position after entering the city. The main force of the 74th Division immediately stormed from the front. Under the attack of the enemy, the Fifth Brigade of the People's Liberation Army was forced to give up its position. The people's liberation army organized the leather brigade and the 9 th longitudinal reserve to fight back, but it did not work. Hua Ye's main force just arrived in the north of Huaiyin, unable to resist the onslaught of the 74th Division, and was forced to withdraw from Huaiyin on 19. The 74th Division continued southward and captured Huai 'an on the 22nd. At this point, the national army basically controlled Huai' an, and Zhang won the third-class cloud emblem medal. Huaibei and Central China Liberated Areas were basically lost, and Hua Ye's main force had to withdraw from Shandong in the north. The situation in East China is becoming more and more severe, and the PLA only has Shandong Liberated Area in East China, which makes it extremely difficult to supply troops, supply logistics and rotate troops. Especially with the loss of Huai River and Huai River, the most important economic source of Central China Liberated Area, the Canal Tax, was lost, and the main industrial and commercial areas in Central China were also lost, which had a great negative impact on the southern line operations.
Menglianggu Campaign
1in March, 947, the Kuomintang army changed its strategic policy from attacking the liberated areas in an all-round way to focusing on attacking the liberated areas in Shandong and northern Shaanxi. The Kuomintang army that attacked Shandong concentrated 24 integrated divisions, 60 brigades and about 450,000 people into three regiments, which were commanded by the army commander Gu. At the beginning of April, it advanced in an arc to the mountainous area of Luzhong in an attempt to fight a decisive battle with the main force of the East China Field Army in Luzhong or force it to cross the Yellow River northward. The East China Field Army is determined to find opportunities to annihilate the invading Kuomintang troops. However, except for the annihilation of 1 reorganization division in Taian in late April, the Kuomintang troops were cautious and did not get fighter planes. In view of the above situation, the Revolutionary Military Commission of China Central Committee instructed: When the Kuomintang army is dense and difficult to fight, it should stand by patiently; First, don't be impatient. Second, don't split up and rally the main force in a mobile posture. As long as the main force is in hand, there is always a chance to destroy the enemy. In accordance with this instruction, Chen Yi, commander and political commissar of the East China Field Army, and Su Yu, deputy commander, adjusted their deployment at the beginning of May, and evacuated their main forces to the east of Laiwu and Xintai for hidden standby. Gu learned that the main force of the East China Field Army had retreated, and the company also ran to Boshan and Yishui. Tang, commander of the 1 Corps, who served as the right-wing offensive, did not wait for the unified action of the neighboring corps, that is, with the reorganization of the 74th Division as the backbone and the reorganization of the 25th Division and the 83rd Division as the supplement, in May 1 1 attacked Tanbu from Duozhuang and Xu Tao in an attempt to occupy the Yishui-Mengyin Highway. In addition, the 7th Army and the reorganized 48th Division attacked Yishui northward to coordinate the whole 74th Division. The East China Field Army originally planned to concentrate its forces first and cut off the 7 th Army on the right wing of the Kuomintang Army and the entire 48 th Division. 1 1 On the evening of Sunday, I learned that the entire 74th Division of the Central Front Line was in a threatening mood, and I wanted to concentrate on the nearby area and cut it off. It immediately changed its mind and destroyed the division first. 2, 3, 7, and 10 columns respectively clamped down and stopped the 7th Army, and reorganized Heyang, Xintai, Laiwu Kuomintang Army 1 1 Division, 5th Army and other departments, so that they could not get close to the whole 74th Division, but concentrated on 1, 4, 6 and 8. By 13, the entire 74th Division had successively occupied Yangjiazhai and Mamuchi. That night, the columns of East China Field Army 1 and 8 were wedged in depth by the wings of the whole 74th Division. 1 Column 3 Division captured Cao Zhuang and its northern highlands, which constituted a frontal sniper against the entire 65th Division in Mengyin. The main force of this column captured the key points such as Daidou Dingshan, tianmashan and jiepai, and cut off the connection between the whole 74th Division and the whole 25th Division. Eight vertical captured Taohua Mountain, Shile Mountain and Bizi Mountain, cut off the connection between the whole seventy-four division and the whole eighty-three division, and one occupied Hengshan and Laomaowo in the southeast of Meng Lianggu. At the same time, the 4th and 9th verticals attacked from the front and occupied Huangluzhai, Foshan, Mamuchi and Suijiadian. Liuzong quickly advanced northward from Lunan Tongshi and arrived at Guanguan and Baibu areas in the morning of 14. After the whole 74th Division lost its peripheral strongholds, it hastily contracted to Meng Lianggu and Duozhuang. The East China Field Army immediately accelerated its attack. The 4th and 9th columns stormed overnight and entered Tangjiayugou and Zhaojiachengzi. With the cooperation of 1 column, the 6th column captured Duozhuang at dawn on15th, cutting off the retreat of the whole 74th Division. The eighth column captured Wanquan Mountain and got in touch with 1 and 6 columns, forming a siege of the whole 74th Division. After the whole 74th Division was besieged, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the division to stick to foreign aid, and at the same time ordered the reorganization of 1 1, 65, 25, 83rd Division, 7th Army and 84th Division, and quickly moved closer to the whole 74th Division in an attempt to attack the main force of the East China Field Army in Mengyin and Qingrudder Temple areas. At this time, most of the 10 normal universities that reinforce Meng Lianggu are only a day or two away from Meng Lianggu, and the situation is very urgent. The East China Field Army strictly ordered the sniper troops to resolutely stop reinforcements. After the main attack force is adjusted and deployed, it is scheduled to launch a general attack on the afternoon of 15.
The northwest of the main peak of Yuliang Valley connects two 540 highlands, and the northwest end is 520 highlands. Lushan Mountain is in the southeast, Diaowo is in the east, and the length from east to west is about 10 km. It is bordered by the Wenhe River in the north and 4 kilometers away from Linyi-Fang Meng Expressway in the south. The mountain peaks are steep, there are many cliffs, there is no water on the mountain and there is little vegetation. Zhang, the commander of the reorganized 74th Division, led the 58th Brigade to defend the main peak, Lushan Mountain and Diaowo Highland after the failure to break through the south. Defend 520 and two 540 highlands with 5l brigade; The 57th Brigade is located in the 570 (historically called 600) highland between the two brigades: the division command post is located in the 540 highland in the east, trying to hold on to the danger and asking Chiang Kai-shek, commander of the Kuomintang army, for help. Chiang Kai-shek thought it was a good opportunity to fight a decisive battle with the East China Field Army, so he made Zhang Lingbing stick to it and made the Air Force drop food bombs. At the same time, he made the 25th and 83rd BGF divisions and other 65,438+00 BGF (troops) reinforce Meng Lianggu. Chen Yi, commander and political commissar of the East China Field Army, adjusted his deployment at 13 that day in order to quickly annihilate the entire 74th Division, and immediately ordered the troops to launch a general attack. The 9th column, supported by artillery fire, captured Diaowo at 8: 00 on June 16. After the fourth vertical captured the 330 highland, it first wedged between the 520 highland and the 540 highland in the west, cut off the retreat of the defenders, and beat back the defenders four times in a row. Together with 1 and the ninth column, they occupied highland 520 at midnight, wiped out most of the defenders, and the rest retreated to highland 540. The ministries continued to attack the 540 highland in the west. A part of the fourth column climbed the steep hillside, inserted into the West 540 Peak from the rear, and suddenly attacked the defenders, who quickly retreated to the East 540 Highland. Zhang was forced to lead the command post to 570 highland; -16 at dawn, the 74th division was reorganized with 1 company to 1 regiment, and under the cover of heavy artillery fire, it made a continuous counterattack to the 540 highland in the west. The fourth column held its ground and suffered heavy casualties. At the critical moment, 1 and the fourth column arrived one after another to defeat the enemy. The 9 th column troops who attacked the 540 highland in the east were countered by the superior troops of the defenders, and the attack was frustrated. During this period, after destroying the enemy, the Eighth and Sixth Commandments were attacking Lushan Mountain. Under the fierce attack of the People's Liberation Army, the whole 74th Division suffered heavy casualties. The wounded, handymen, mules and horses and the trench were everywhere, and the positions were in chaos. Most of the grain bombs dropped by the Kuomintang Air Force were obtained by the People's Liberation Army. Chiang Kai-shek ordered eight divisions and two brigades to supervise the aid, and began to move closer to the mountainous area of Meng Lianggu in the morning of 16, and was stopped by the PLA troops assisting China. At this point, the ninth column continued to attack 540 Highlands from due north, northeast to east, and attacked 570 Highlands and the main peak of Meng Lianggu. 13, the main force of the fourth column, with five mountain guns, attacked the 540 highland eastward. Part of the sixth column also attacked the 540 highland from south to east. By the time 14 occupied the highland, most of the defenders 5 1 brigade were wiped out. Eight vertical and six vertical captured Lushan Mountain in 13, and annihilated more than 3,000 people in the 58th brigade of the garrison. Under the onslaught of the People's Liberation Army, the rest of the whole 74th Division was forced to shrink in the 570 highland in Meng Lianggu and the hollow between them to rectify and organize tenacious resistance. The fourth, sixth, eighth and ninth columns jointly attacked, and the PLA cut off the connection between Huang and Zhang. Eight vertical and nine horizontal forms a surrounding trend. Seeing the danger, I urgently adjusted a 25th division to come to support. Zhang retreated to the yellow place. The People's Liberation Army cut off the retreat of the 74th Division, and Zhang moved closer to Huang. Oppressed by the People's Liberation Army at a higher level, Zhang is a bare stone mountain with no water on it. The national army water-cooled Maxim machine gun can't exert its power without water. The bombs of the People's Liberation Army were as dense as migratory locusts, and they bounced on rocks, and several people were injured by one bullet. (The whole) 74th Division suffered heavy losses ... When the war reached 17, the 74th Division, one of the elite "five main forces" of the Kuomintang army, was completely annihilated. After sending the last telegram, Zhang committed suicide with Lu Xing, the deputy commander and brigade commander!
In the book Investigation and Research on Chiang Kai-shek's 74th Division compiled by the Political Department of the East China Field Army of the People's Liberation Army in August, 1947 (5. During the civil war-from participating in the civil war to Meng Lianggu's total annihilation), it was recorded that "12 In May, our field army attacked the port north of Duozhuang, trying to attack Yishui, and was just contacted, that is, fled south to the mountainous area of Meng Lianggu and was surrounded by it. Except for Zhang, Lu Xing and others who committed suicide in the battle and killed more than 7,000 people, all their officers and men were captured. "
Zhang's interesting story
It is said that once Zhang was on a train and was suddenly robbed by a group of robbers. The robbers all carry box guns, and the passengers are silent, saving money. When Zhang saw it, his face was exposed and he was very angry. Seeing his blue face and fangs, wearing a military uniform and the rank of quasi-school, the bandits were scared and said that well water does not interfere. For others, it is the best policy to protect their own money and earn back their face safely in the end. And Zhang He has fought bloody battles for a long time, and he has always been fighting alone. At that time, the train was in chaos, with many robbers holding swords, but none of the hundreds of passengers helped. After a fist fight, most gangsters fell to the ground. Zhang seized the opportunity, pulled out his gun, killed the bandit leader, and the bandits scattered. Fu Ling chased hundreds of steps, fired several shots and killed six bandits. When I went back, I thought of the Japanese, the body of the bandit leader and even a few guns.