1946 In March, former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill visited the United States and accompanied by President Truman went to Fulton to deliver a carefully prepared anti-communist speech. Churchill sensationally declared: "From Szczecin in the Baltic Sea to Trieste in the Adriatic Sea, an iron curtain has fallen on the whole European continent." He called on Britain and the United States to form a military alliance to stop Russian aggression. This speech, known as the "Iron Curtain", actually sent a signal that the United States was conducting a "cold war" against the Soviet Union. Shortly after the end of the war, both the United States and the Soviet Union were unwilling and afraid to rekindle the war. So the word cold war is very vivid. Lippmann began to be widely used after the publication of 1947 Cold War.

The beginning of the cold war

Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan Because the two camps headed by the United States and the Soviet Union were opposed to each other in the early postwar period, the "cold war" atmosphere between the United States and the Soviet Union suddenly intensified. 1In March, 947, President Truman of the United States read the State of the Union address to Congress, put forward the foreign policy program of the United States, and declared that the United States has the mission of leading the "free world", "assisting some countries in" rejuvenation "and" preventing the infiltration of communism ",which is the so-called Truman Doctrine. Truman Doctrine is not only a declaration of launching the cold war against the Soviet Union, but also a sign of the beginning of the cold war. Its essence is to interfere in the internal affairs of various countries on the pretext of maintaining American security, and to cover up its global expansion ambition on the pretext of anti-Soviet and anti-Communist.

Shortly after the Truman Doctrine was put forward, American Secretary of State Marshall put forward the "European Renaissance Plan", that is, Marshall Plan, in view of the widespread economic difficulties in European countries in the early post-war period. This is another important step for the United States to implement the "Cold War" policy, and it is also a large-scale practical application of Truman Doctrine. In the name of "reviving Europe", they tried to control Western Europe, confront the Soviet Union and dominate the world. Marshall Plan also played an important role in the recovery of capitalist economy in western Europe and the stability of political situation in various countries.

From 65438 to 0948, Marshall Plan was implemented. By 1950, American aid to Europe had exceeded1300 million US dollars, of which 90% was a gift and 10% was a loan. The recipient countries have been brought into the sphere of influence of the United States and become the export market of American goods, which is not only subject to the United States economically, but also to the United States politically and militarily.

From 65438 to 0949, the United States and western European countries established the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 1955, the people's democratic countries of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe established the Warsaw Treaty Organization. The establishment of these two organizations marked the formation of a bipolar pattern of confrontation between the two major military and political groups headed by the United States and the Soviet Union, and at the same time pushed the "Cold War" to a climax. The formation of the bipolar pattern has had a great influence on the post-war world economy, politics and international relations.