Problem description:
In the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao was called "tough guy" and Liu Bei was called "lean"!
Sun Quan, why?
Analysis:
Sun Quan, Zhong Mou, was born in Fuchun, Wu Jun (now Fuyang, Zhejiang). Father Sun Jian claimed to be Sun Wu, a great strategist in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was a magistrate in Changsha and served as a general to defeat Lu. Brother Sun Ce, in order to defy the general, sealed the marquis of Wu.
15 years old, Sun Quan was promoted to filial piety, and Ren Yangxian (now Yixing) was appointed as a captain. In 200 AD, his brother Sun Ce was killed, and Sun Quan inherited his father's footsteps and defended Jiangdong. Cao Cao, with the strength of a general, said that he would win over Lu and lead the meeting to take the lead. In 203 and 205, two troops were sent to pacify Shanyue, which stabilized the situation in six counties in Jiangdong. In 208 AD, he led a great army to personally expedition to Huang Zu, won Jiangling, joined forces with Liu Bei, and won the victory in Battle of Red Cliffs. 2 1 1 moved to moling in, and rebuilt in the following year. In 2 1 1 year, Liu Bei led an army to attack Wu in order to avenge Guan Yu. On the one hand, Sun Quan took Lu Xun as the viceroy, on the other hand, he surrendered to Wei Wendi, and Cao Pi worshipped him as the king of Wu. In March of the following year, the Shu army was defeated. In 229 AD, Cao Pi died, and Sun Quan formally established the State of Wu, proclaimed himself emperor and established his capital. He died in 252 AD.
Sun Quan was an important political figure in the Three Kingdoms period and a hero with both wisdom and courage. He has owned Jiangdong for more than 50 years since his brother Sun Ce was killed. Its greatest achievement is to develop the southeast region and promote its economic prosperity. Like Cao Cao, Sun Quan attached great importance to agricultural production. About 78 years after Jian 'an, wasteland was reclaimed. Wu Dong has two kinds of reclamation projects: military reclamation and civil reclamation. The military establishment was adopted, and officials such as Diannong captain, Dianmin captain and Tuntian captain were set up to manage reclamation affairs. Soldiers farm and fight, while farmers only farm and are exempt from military service. In 226 AD, Sun Quan also adopted Lu Xun's suggestion, expanded the reclamation area, and reduced his own cattle from 8 to 4 for farmland. He also took the lead in plowing the fields himself, "on an equal footing with others", which greatly inspired the feelings of scholars and farmers.
Sun Quan also pays attention to building water conservancy projects. He dug an east canal in Jianye, five feet wide and eight feet deep, and poured Xuanwu Lake into Qinhuai River. He also dug a Pogangdu Canal in Jurong, leading to Yunyang. These water conservancy projects not only facilitate inland navigation, but also irrigate farmland. In order to meet the needs of the Yangtze River water war and river-sea traffic, Sun Quan also vigorously developed the shipbuilding industry. He set up officials to supervise craftsmen and criminals to build ships. Its shipbuilding technology has reached a high level, and the scale of the ship is also considerable. With the ideal river-sea traffic, in order to expand its influence, Soochow's foreign relations have also expanded. In 230 AD, Sun Quan "sent generals Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi to the sea to discuss Yizhou and Bingzhou." After Wu Jun arrived in Yizhou (now Taiwan Province Island), he began to write the history of exchanges between the mainland and Taiwan Province Island. Sun Quan further consolidated his rule over Jiaozhou and actively sent people to establish friendly relations with Funan and Lin Yi overseas. Later, he sent JIAOZHOU secretariat to Southeast Asian countries and established contact with India.
In order to resume and develop production, Sun Quan also relaxed interest rates many times. After taking Jingzhou, he ordered his generals to "abolish Jingzhou's civil rent tax", strengthen military equipment and advocate thrift. Imperial edicts were issued in AD 226 and AD 23 1 to relax the collection of rent tax owed by farmers and stop collecting rent tax. These measures have promoted the economic development of the southeast region, improved the comprehensive national strength of Soochow, and objectively contributed to the stability and gradual improvement of farmers' lives.
Sun Quan 19 years old inherited his father and brother's career and grew up to be an outstanding and sophisticated politician and an outstanding and capable diplomatic strategist in a difficult environment. He has made outstanding achievements in internal affairs, diplomacy, military affairs and economy. He was not only a first-class politician in the Three Kingdoms period, but also one of the few emperors who made great achievements in the long history of China. Only Sun Quan is the key figure to promote the tripartite confrontation. It is better to appoint Cao Liu than to appoint talents; The bear was slightly moved. Slightly inferior to Wei Wu; Building a country south of the Yangtze River has made great contributions to the future. The reason why Sun Quan can't unify the whole country is not to "protect the east of the Yangtze River and see success or failure", but to "protect the east of the Yangtze River and map Wang Ye", which failed to achieve his goal. Zhuge Liang said that Sun Quan was not a man who was "full of ambition" and "full of profit", but a man who was "limited in wisdom, so he restricted himself from crossing the river to protect himself". He also said: "Power cannot cross the river. Wei thieves can't cross the Han Dynasty. Be able to take advantage. " Zhuge Liang's analysis is very reasonable. Let's elaborate on it below. Sun Quan can't unify the world.
First, Sun Quan's climate, geographical location and human harmony are all disadvantages, which are not enough to destroy Shu and Wei. The so-called weather, geographical location, people and three factors influence each other, and each factor contains two aspects, including political support and luck. Geographical location contains the key to victory and rich character; Only the counselor of Wei said that although Sun Quan was very talented, several officials of Nan Changhou, the general of Han Dynasty, were not as good as him. In other words, Sun Quan's political qualifications are not thick. He has no power to be a vassal of Cao Cao. He doesn't have the orthodox significance of Liu Bei's throne, so he can only attack the enemy from behind. It's time for Cao Liu to fight for the title of emperor, so as to make full use of it. But it is located in a low-lying area, attacking Shu and Wei. It is also a short-lived China traditional culture in the Central Plains. There are many people and things, but they are condescending. Therefore, the confrontation between the north and the south in the past dynasties was basically that the north defeated the south. Although Sun Quan got a few talents in Jiangdong, and the mountains and rivers were rebellious, he only got half peace. By the time Sun Quan settled the mountains and rivers, Cao Cao had gone south, which made him lose all opportunities in the Yangtze River when he was busy in the north.
Second, the famous Dongwu general died young. About 40 of them died at the hands of three generals, Zhou Yu, Lu Su and Lu Meng, before Sun Quan died. With the support of Wenwu, they formulated the founding policy of Dongwu regime, but twelve Dongwu generals, Cheng Pu, Huang Gai, Han Dang, Jiang Qin, Zhou Tai, Chen Wu, Dong, Gan Ning, Ling Tong, Xu Sheng, Pan Zhang and Ling Tong, were the first to die. Sun's group almost collapsed. Sun Quan's early death of a large number of advisers greatly reduced Wu Dong's strength in winning the world. Cao Wei's vast land and vast region grew up from generation to generation. Wu Shu's land is small, and talents are not only produced locally. Because the troubled times at the end of the Han Dynasty divided the world into four parts, it can only be said that after a large number of talents died, Shu and Wu died in the north one after another.
Third, fight for Jingzhou. Although Wu gained substantial benefits, from the perspective of fighting for the Central Plains, it also weakened the alliance and strengthened Cao Wei. It can be said that it is a strategic mistake. Cao Wei accounts for two-thirds of the world. Wu and Shu fought side by side, but they were defeated, which greatly weakened the counterbalance. If Guan Yu succeeds in Jingxiang, Sun and Liu will join hands to advance. Liu Bei led Yizhou people out of Qinchuan. Sun Quan led Jiangdong people out of Xuzhou, and East and West Wan Li echoed each other under the attack of various fronts. Take advantage of the sharp situation to help people invade Wei's territory. The Central Plains vibrates. People's minds have changed. The future is unpredictable. Sun Quan was afraid of Guan Yu's strategic turn. Although it was successful for a while, it made it difficult for Cao Zhi to usurp the throne of Han, Yi and Three Kingdoms. After the Battle of Yiling, Wei Qiang, Shu Wei and Guwu were reunited. Since then, things have frequently attacked Cao Wei, and finally they have their own differences because of their weak strength.
Fourth, Sun Quan is shorter than the enemy's sudden attack. He lost in the battle for the world, which directly affected his progress. The battle commanded by Sun Quan himself failed in the battle. Some failed in the case of absolute superiority, indicating that Sun Quan had a slight strain. This is not his strong suit. This is also an important reason for the failure of imperial industry. Throughout the history of China, the founders in troubled times were all brave and good at fighting.
Fifth, the rising sun is in a coma in his later years. Most emperors were overjoyed and suspicious, especially in their later years. In 229 AD, Sun Quan ascended the throne at the age of 48, that is, since the emperor ascended the throne, the Soochow regime has gone from peak to decline, and Sun Quan has gone from wisdom to speculation and even tyranny. It is a progressive gesture to build its capital in the rising sun and Wuchang. Build a capital and build a business after claiming the emperor. In fact, it is to limit the river to protect itself. Sun Quan did not listen to the advice and sent heavy troops to escort Liaodong messengers, resulting in the disappearance of 10,000 soldiers such as He Da in Liaodong. In his later years, Sun Quan was even more loyal and treacherous, regardless of setting up school officials, war inspectors and engaging in spy rule. Credit Minister Lu Yi and others hurt Zhongliang. In particular, Sun Quan favored King Lu and Sun Ba, and the abolition of the Prince led to differences among ministers.
Sixth, Cao Wei focused on defending Wu. Sun Quan can't achieve great success. Cao Pi attacked the State of Wu three times. He has been on the river twice. Although he failed, he returned to his strategic plan. Obviously, in 234 AD, Wu and Shu joined hands in the Northern Expedition. Wei Mingdi marched west and east. He went to Sun Quan himself. Sun Quan retired when he heard the news. Under the strict defense of Cao Wei, Sun Quan and Lu Xun started their careers.
To sum up, Sun Quan can't rule the country. Due to historical conditions, there are many reasons. It is not that Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan failed to accomplish the great cause of reunification, but that they each established a three-legged country. Only they established their own achievements in the late Han Dynasty. Are the first-class heroes of that era.