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Shipbuilding industry is the epitome of modern large-scale industry and a strategic industry related to national defense security and national economic development. Shipbuilding industry not only provides equipment for water transportation, energy transportation and ocean development, but also is the main supplier of naval ship equipment and one of the strategic industries of national economy and national defense construction. Now, shipbuilding will also become a pillar industry in China.
After more than 20 years of rapid development after reform and opening up, the shipbuilding industry has become one of the few export-oriented industries with strong international competitiveness in China and an important force in the world shipbuilding industry. China's shipbuilding output 1 1 year has been ranked third in the world, and its share in the world shipbuilding industry has increased from 6% in 2000 to 20% in 2005. By 20 15, China's ship output will reach 24 million deadweight tons, ranking first in the world.
The rapid development of shipbuilding industry is mainly caused by the following reasons: first, the huge domestic demand for raw materials such as iron ore leads to the shortage of bulk carriers; Second, China has become the second largest crude oil importer in the world, and the government requires 50% of crude oil imports to be transported by itself, which leads to an increase in the demand for oil tankers; Thirdly, China has become the third largest trading country in the world, which leads to container ships being nervous. On August 6th, 2006, the State Council held the the State Council executive meeting, which reviewed and approved in principle the Medium and Long-term Development Plan of Shipbuilding Industry. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, China will focus on building three modern large-scale shipbuilding bases around Bohai Bay, the Yangtze River estuary and the Pearl River estuary. As the competent department of shipbuilding industry, the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense will focus on four aspects during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period: First, accelerate the construction of the three major shipbuilding bases and optimize the development and layout of production capacity; Second, increase the development of new ship types and strive to enhance core competitiveness; Third, establish a modern shipbuilding model in an all-round way and effectively change the mode of economic growth; Fourth, focus on solving the bottleneck of ship matching and strive to improve the localization rate. This plan will play a very important guiding role in the development of shipbuilding industry.
At present, China's shipbuilding industry has basically formed a relatively complete industrial system including scientific research, design, production, supporting and repair, and has the ability to design and build conventional ships of various tonnage and high-tech and high-value-added ships. According to the latest statistics, there are nearly 2,000 shipbuilding and supporting enterprises of various sizes in China, with nearly 400,000 employees, including 480 enterprises with annual sales income of more than 5 million yuan and 310.5 million employees. There are 35 dry docks, 53 floating docks 1 1 and slipways in China, with a shipbuilding capacity of nearly 5 million dwt. The annual output of steel motor ships is about 3 million deadweight tons, accounting for about 5% ~ 7% of the world shipbuilding market. There are about 100 docks with a tonnage of over 3,000 tons in China, with a total dock capacity of 310.3 million dwt. The output value of ship repair is about 5 billion yuan, accounting for about 3% of the world ship repair market. Through the introduction of foreign advanced technology and active independent research and development, the technical level of China's main marine equipment has been rapidly improved, and a relatively complete marine supporting industrial system including medium and low speed diesel engines, marine auxiliaries and instruments has basically formed. China's shipbuilding output has been ranked third in the world for six consecutive years, accounting for 5% ~ 7% of the world market. Over the past decade, China ships have been exported to more than 50 countries and regions in the world, including the United States, Britain, Germany, Japan, France, Canada and other developed countries. In 2000, the export of ship products reached US$ 654.38+63.5 million, ranking first in the export of mechanical and electrical products in China. The rapid development of shipbuilding industry in China has attracted extensive attention at home and abroad.
I'm a shipbuilding student, and I'd like to briefly talk about shipyard repair in China. China shipbuilding has two bases: Dalian and Shanghai. I have been lucky enough to visit the large shipyards in these two cities, so I will focus on the shipbuilding enterprises in these two cities.
Let's start with Dalian. Dalian shipbuilding industry occupies a very important position in China shipbuilding industry. At present, there is a modern ship assembly enterprise with the largest scale, the most complete products and the most international competitiveness in China, which is the former Dalian Shipyard. From 65438 to 0990, the original shipyard was divided into Dalian Shipyard and Dalian Shipyard, which we used to call "new factory" and "old factory". In 2005, two factories were 65438. Most of the oil tankers are now taken over, and most of the old factories are military ships, mainly for military products. In addition, many oil tankers have also been taken over. Because a considerable number of naval vessels come from old factories, they are also called "the cradle of naval vessels".
In 2004, Dalian New Factory was selected as the largest shipyard in the world by Lloyd's Register of Shipping, ranking seventh. The new factory consists of two 300,000-ton docks, and the 900-ton gantry crane is called the first crane in Asia. Now, after the merger, the fishing boat company near the old factory and Darkmouth Zigang have bought it, and the postal pier has been rented. The old factory is called Workshop No.1, and the new factory is called Workshop No.2, which means there are Workshop No.3 and Workshop No.4.. Their goal is to build a modern ship assembly plant.
Navy Lushun 48 10 Factory (Dalian Liaonan Shipyard, namely Lushun Dawu) was established by Li Hongzhang when he established Beiyang Navy. Now it has become the largest military production unit in Lushun Naval Base. The ships built include all kinds of military ships, from destroyers to escort boats to patrol boats of the marine police, as well as some special naval ships, and a small number of civilian ships including ocean-going transport ships, fishing boats and special ships.
The shipyard of COSCO Group is located in Dalian Bay, which is the largest shipyard in China and the largest floating dock in China. In 2003, COSCO took Nantong Ocean Shipping Company, which was rated as one of the four "best shipyards" in Asia by Lloyd's Asia Shipping magazine, as the core, and integrated the ship repairing resources of COSCO in Dalian and Guangzhou, and successfully established COSCO Shipping Group, which is known as the "aircraft carrier" of China's ship repairing industry. COSCO Group is preparing to set up its first company. There is also Songliao No.1 Shipyard (PLA 78 14 Factory), which is famous for building yachts. Shenyang military area command Factory Administration is a medium-sized enterprise. The ships built include finished oil tankers, landing craft, high-speed catamarans, fully enclosed lifeboats and other special ships.
The rest are small and medium-sized shipyards. For example, Liao Yu Group's Liao Yu Fishing Boat Factory repairs the most fishing boats, releases water from boats and often repairs fishing boats for Russia and Japan. The shipyards in other cities in Liaoning Province are small and medium-sized shipyards. Huludao Bochuan Heavy Industry Group Co., Ltd. (formerly Liaoning Bohai Shipyard) is most famous for building military ships, especially nuclear submarines. Of course, it also accepts many tankers and container ships. This is a big factory, so I won't say more.
Today, newly invested shipyards are all over the coastline of China. Qingdao Jimo Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. is a joint venture company established on September 23, 2006, which is jointly funded by Korean Master Heavy Industry Co., Ltd., Qingdao Enterprise Development Investment Co., Ltd., jimo city City Development Investment Co., Ltd. and Qingdao Shipyard. This is the largest Sino-foreign joint venture shipbuilding project in Shandong Province. The company is located in the east of Niudao Port, Tian Heng Town, jimo city, covering an area of about 3,200 mu, with an initial investment of 65.438+0.95 billion US dollars, mainly producing 6.5438+0.8 million tons of oil tankers and container ships, with an annual shipbuilding capacity of 6.5438+0.10.000 million dwt, and the first batch of ships were delivered in 2009. The second phase of the project invested 350 million dollars to build a dry dock, and began to produce oil tankers with a tonnage of more than 300,000 tons, containers with a capacity of about 10000 TEU, liquefied natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas carriers from 20 10. Now the company has accepted the electronic resume and arranged an interview in early 2008. You can have a look if you are interested.
There are hundreds of large and small shipyards in Zhejiang Province, including more than 70 in Taizhou alone. The big ones are Zhoushan COSCO, Xiushan Island, Cheung Kong Group and Mazhi Island in Liuheng Island.
There are too many other shipyards, such as Golden Bay Group, Zhenghe Shipyard, Ou Hua Shipyard and Zhejiang Shipyard. It is suggested to go to Zhoushan Islands to find a coastal island with a sea-crossing bridge.
Today, the shipyards in Nantong, Jiangsu Province are: Daoda Heavy Industry, Hantong Heavy Industry, Huisheng Heavy Industry, Rong Sheng Heavy Industry, Gangzha Shipyard and so on.
At present, even if the wages in the Yangtze River Delta are high, the Pearl River Delta ranks second, and the north is almost the same. Something like that.
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