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Han Fei (280- 233 BC): a North Korean aristocrat, who was later called Han Feizi because of his "love of learning the name of punishment demons". He and Reese are both disciples of Xunzi. At that time, South Korea was very weak and was often bullied by neighboring countries. He repeatedly put forward plans for prosperity to the king of South Korea, but they were not adopted by the king of South Korea. Han Fei wrote a series of articles, such as Lonely Anger and Five Cheats, and was later included in a book, Han Feizi. Ying Zheng, King of Qin, read Han Fei's article and praised it. In 234 BC, Han Fei came to Qin as an envoy of South Korea and wrote a letter to the king of Qin, urging him to attack Zhao first and slow down Korea. Reese was jealous of Han Fei's talent and tried to frame him with Yao Jia. Han Fei was forced to commit suicide by taking poison.
The Implication of Han Fei's Death
There are two versions of Han Fei's death in Historical Records.
One is Sima Qian's Biography of Lao Zi's Han Fei, which is also the mother statement and mainstream statement since Han Fei's death: "Li Si, harm, destroy:' Han Fei, son of Han Fei. Today, the king wants to be a vassal, but he will not be a Han or A Qin. This person's love is also. The king doesn't need it today, but he came back after a long stay. This is a legacy. It is better to kill it with the law. "The king of Qin thought so and was ruled by officials. Li Si left people to take medicine and committed suicide. "
Another statement, which is rarely mentioned, can be found in the Warring States Policy, Qin Fifty-four Countries as One (with a separate title below). The original text is long, and its meaning is summarized here. The four countries jointly attacked Qin, and Yao Jia volunteered to go to the four countries, thus eliminating the military disaster. "The king of Qin is very happy, and Jia Feng is a thousand households, thinking that Shangqing is the main one." After learning about this, Han Fei went to see the king of Qin and said, What's the matter? The king of Qin asked Yao Jia, and Yao Jia answered. What he said is much better than what Han Fei said. Therefore, "the king of Qin said,' naturally'. It is possible to reinstate Yao Jia and punish Han Fei. " -Yao Jia is fine. Han Fei was killed. (In the pre-Qin period, it meant not only killing, but also asking questions, condemning and punishing, which was common here. But some people think that killing Han Fei is killing Han Fei. )
The similarity between these two statements is that the death of Han Fei is related to Yao Jia and the king of Qin. The difference is that Han Fei in Sima Qian's works is an innocent victim, while Han Fei in Warring States Policy has the flavor of getting burned and taking the blame and resigning.
However, there are some doubts in both statements.
Apart from the reasons, the article "Warring States Policy" only contains three dialogues. Then, the king of Qin killed Han Fei. -If the word "Zhu" really means killing people ("The Five Kingdoms of Qin are One" is marked with "Han Fei, Han Gongzi", and the list of criminals has hundreds of words. I knew it when I was in Qin. Finally, he died in Yao Jia. "This is the way to kill people)-blunt, abrupt, no explanation at all.
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Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu (927 ~ 976)
The founding monarch of the Song Dynasty was from Zhuozhou. In the second week, he inspected in front of the temple, and his martial arts were high. He created Mao's long fist and led the German army in Songzhou to seize the military power. Later, the Chen Qiao mutiny was launched, that is, the Empress and the Song Dynasty, which ended the situation of the Five Dynasties. The world is established, agriculture promotes learning, punishment is cautious and thin, and people rest. However, too much emphasis on literature and internal defense led to the long-term weakness of the Song Dynasty. Sixteen years in office, the temple name is Taizu.
Zhao Kuangyin sent Jingniang thousands of miles away.
The story of Zhao Kuangyin, the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty, "sending a crystal mother a thousand miles away" was widely circulated among the people. Jing Niang, a weak woman who has never met before, sincerely extended a helping hand to the victims, and sent them all the way, like brothers and sisters, eating and living together day and night. There are even more gangsters who are reckless. With a healthy spirit and strong martial arts, Zhao Kuangyin safely sent Jingniang from Shaanxi to her hometown in Hubei ... What a brave man without any selfish purpose! Perhaps it is this heroic character that enabled him to rush into Kyushu, unite heroes all over the world and remind him of the emperor!
This story tells young people of any age that if they want to achieve great things, they can't make a living from it. Those who have achieved great things in ancient and modern times, heroes who are not generous in helping the poor, and people who have no loyalty, cannot achieve great things!
Zhao Kuangyin of Song Taizu was involved in a murder when he was young. He ventured into Kyushu, became a cosmopolitan family, and made friends with men all over the world ... Later, in 960, Zhao Kuangyin, aged 33, was sincerely acclaimed by everyone in Chen Qiaoyi as the founding emperor of Dasong.
After Zhao Kuangyin became emperor, he kept a lot of habits of rushing into Kyushu in those days, and he also "made moves when it was time to do so", which is very characteristic of some Jianghu heroes and heroic disposition:
Once, Zhao Kuangyin was playing sparrows in the backyard of the Forbidden City, and a courtier claimed that he had something urgent to see. Zhao Kuangyin met immediately. Who knows, people ramble about something urgent. The emperor was unhappy and asked him why he lied to his urgent demands. The man said, at least more urgent than your majesty's sparrow. Zhao Kuangyin was furious and grabbed the famous column axe and smashed it. Two teeth were knocked out as a result. Someone quietly picked up two teeth and put them in his pocket. Zhao Kuangyin asked fiercely, "What, you still want to sue me?" The courtier replied, "I dare not sue your majesty. Naturally, there will be history books." Zhao Kuangyin froze. Later, he apologized quite sincerely and took out a lot of gold and silver jewelry to bribe the official. Generally speaking, people who have a little respect for black and white are unlikely to be particularly bad. It seems that we can at least look at Zhao Kuangyin in this way.
Zhao Kuangyin has a "pillar axe" that never leaves his hand. That is an axe with an ivory handle and a crystal head. It's expensive, and hitting people hurts. So I knocked out the official's tooth. )
In 967, Gander, Song Taizu, was five years old. At that time, several people were talking about this title, and Zhao Kuangyin was quite proud of the title of "Gander". Zhao Pu, the prime minister, followed suit and listed many good things in recent years, which were later attributed to Zhao Kuangyin's change of this title. Behold, there stood a scholar named Lu Duoxun, who was very knowledgeable and disdained Zhao Pu. After Zhao Pu flattered him cheerfully, he said calmly, "Unfortunately, Gander is the title used by the pseudo-Shu."
The emperor was surprised and immediately ordered someone to check it. Xiezhen was the year before Shu, and it was also the year of national subjugation. The necessity of Zhao Kuangyin's shame and anger can be imagined. Think about Zhao Pu this fellow as a prime minister, but don't read books or newspapers, let yourself make such a big spectacle in front of all subjects, it's really hateful. The emperor sat there gloomily, taking chances. After sitting for a long time, he couldn't contain his anger. He waved and shouted, "Zhao Pu, come here."
Zhao Pu thought he was going to be hit by an axe, so he went to the imperial court with trepidation. Only when the emperor picked up the imperial pen and dipped it in black ink, Zhao Pu's face was a burst of graffiti, which made his face dripping with calligraphy. While painting, the emperor also scolded: "You are ignorant, how can you compare with Lu Duoxun?"
Since then, Zhao Pu, the prime minister of the Great Song Dynasty, was greatly humiliated and began to study hard. He has a big bookcase and nobody is allowed to touch it. People just see him take out a book from it every day to read, but no one knows what it is. When the Prime Minister died, people opened the bookcase and found that there was only the first half of The Analects. Since then, the story that Zhao Pu ruled the world with half of The Analects of Confucius has spread all over the world.
In order to survive, the southern Tang regime grovelled before the Song Dynasty for a long time. However, after the preparations were completed, Zhao Kuangyin did not hesitate to launch a war to destroy Nantang. After the war began, Li Yu, the queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty, sent messengers to ask Zhao Kuangyin: What crime did the Southern Tang Dynasty commit and should be treated so unfairly? Zhao Kuangyin made no secret of that famous maxim, which still dominates the thoughts of many people in China: "Can others sleep soundly on the sofa?"
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Shi Jingtang, the late Jin Dynasty, ceded sixteen states to Liao in 936 A.D. to thank him for his strong support. /kloc-the total land area under the jurisdiction of 0/6 counties is about 6.5438+200,000 square kilometers. In fact, it included the most important dangerous fortresses and natural barriers in Northeast China and North China at that time. The loss of this area makes the Great Wall and its fortress in this area completely useless, which leads to the exposure of the whole North China Plain under the iron hoof of the northern nomadic people.
As an outstanding strategist and strategist, Zhao Kuangyin knew the important position of sixteen states. But for practical reasons, he must first unify China, and then he can accumulate strength and consider taking back Yanyun.
Therefore, at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, he set up a special institution called "Pile-sealing Library", whose function was to set aside a certain proportion of the surplus in the annual fiscal revenue, and store it as a special fund to recover Yanyun, which was personally mastered by the emperor. By about 975 AD, China had been basically unified in the Song Dynasty, and Zhao Kuangyin was full of confidence and eager to try. Unfortunately, he died at the age of 49. "Left the northern cloud deep and remote sixteen states (later Liao Jin, etc. ), brought endless troubles to the descendants of the Song Dynasty, and later anti-Jin stories such as Yue Fei and the Song Dynasty's move to Hangzhou. ...
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