Learn medicine from dad.

Li Shizhen, born on the 26th day of the 13th lunar month (1565438+July 3rd, 2008), was born in Waxieba, Dongchang Street, qi zhou, Qichun County, Hubei Province.

His grandfather was an herbalist and his father, Li Yanwen, was a famous doctor at that time. He used to be a doctor in Taiji Hospital. At that time, the status of folk doctors was low and their lives were hard. His father doesn't want to study medicine in Li Shizhen. When Li Shizhen 14 years old, he went to Huangzhou Prefecture with his father to take the exam, but he was a scholar. Li Shizhen was born in a doctor's family and loved medicine since childhood. He is not keen on the imperial examination. Later, I went to Wuchang for the exam three times and failed, so I decided to abandon Confucianism and study medicine. At the age of 23, he studied medicine with his father, and his medical name became increasingly prosperous.

imperial physician

In the 30th year of Jiajing of Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty (155 1), 38-year-old Li Shizhen became famous for curing Zhu, the son of King Fushun, and was hired as a "temple official" by the King Chu of Wuchang, and at the same time he was in charge of the affairs of the Doctor's Office. In the thirty-fifth year of Ming Jiajing (1556), Li Shizhen was recommended to work in Tai Hospital. Awarded the post of "Judge of the Imperial Hospital". Three years later, he was recommended by his wife's hospital to go to Beijing for sentencing. After serving for a year, he resigned and returned to his hometown.

There are many controversies about Li Shizhen's working experience in Imperial Hospital. Some people think that Li Shizhen once served as a court judge in Imperial Hospital (Grade Six), while others think that he only served as a doctor (Grade Eight). Regardless of his position, it is undeniable that Li Shizhen was recommended to North Korea. The working experience of Thai hospital may have brought great influence on his life and laid the foundation for the compilation of Compendium of Materia Medica. During this period, Li Shizhen actively engaged in drug research, frequented pharmacies and royal drug storerooms of Taiyuan Hospital, carefully compared and identified medicinal materials from all over the country, and collected a lot of information. At the same time, he also had the opportunity to enjoy the rich classics collected by Wang Fu and the royal family, including Compendium of Materia Medica. At the same time, I got a lot of information about folk materia medica from the court at that time, and saw a lot of drug specimens that were difficult to see at ordinary times, which broadened my horizons and enriched my knowledge.

Tang Dongbi practices medicine.

Tang Dongbi was founded by Li Shizhen after he returned from Tai Hospital in the thirty-seventh year of Jiajing (1558). After quitting his job and returning to his hometown, he became a doctor and devoted himself to the investigation and research of drugs. During this period, Tang Dongbi established his own name-East Wall.

Concentrate on writing

During decades of practicing medicine and reading classic medical books, Li Shizhen found many mistakes in ancient herbal books and decided to rewrite a herbal book. At the age of 35, he began to compile Compendium of Materia Medica, and based on Zheng Materia Medica, he consulted more than 800 books. During this period, starting from the forty-fourth year of Jiajing (1565), he visited many famous mountains and rivers in Huguang, Jiangxi and Zhili, and found many problems.

In the process of compiling Compendium of Materia Medica, the biggest headache for Li Shizhen is that the shape and growth of drugs are often confused because of the mixed names of drugs. Although the cursive script in the past has been repeatedly explained, some authors copied it from books instead of in-depth investigation and study, so the more they explained, the more confused they became, and the contradictions multiplied, which made people unable to agree. For example, Tao Hongjing, a famous medical scientist in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, said it was grass, like ephedra, but it was blue in color and had white flowers. Ma Su in Song Dynasty thought it was like Qing Dynasty, and accused Tao Hongjing of not knowing it at all. Another example is a medicine for treating the dog's spine. Some people say it looks like a weed, some people say it looks like a weed, and some people say it looks like a flower. Opinions are very different. Inspired by his father, Li Shizhen realized that it was necessary to "read thousands of books", but it was more necessary to "take the Wan Li road". Therefore, he not only "accepted" but also "visited the four sides" to conduct in-depth investigations.

Agkistrodon acutus, that is, Agkistrodon acutus produced by Zhou Qi, has the function of treating wind arthralgia, convulsion and tinea. Li Shizhen studied it for a long time, but at first he only observed it from the snakehead. The insider reminded him that it was caught in the mountains of Xingguo House (now Yangxin County) in the south of the Yangtze River, and it was not really a viper. In order to find the real viper, he consulted the snake catcher. He was told that the fangs of Agkistrodon halys were extremely poisonous. If a person is bitten, he should amputate his leg immediately, otherwise he will die of poisoning. It has special effects on various diseases in treatment, so it is very valuable. State officials forced the masses to risk their lives to catch them in order to pay tribute to the emperor. Qi zhou is so big, in fact, only Longfeng Mountain in the north of the city has real vipers. Li Shizhen got to the bottom of it. He wanted to observe the viper with his own eyes, so he asked the snake catcher to take him to Longfeng Mountain.

There is a Suānní cave in Longfeng Mountain, which is surrounded by rugged rocks, shrubs and heather. Vipers like to eat heather leaves. With the help of the snake catcher, he finally saw the viper with his own eyes and saw the whole process of catching and making snakes. "Compendium of Materia Medica" is concise when it is written about vipers. Li Shizhen's understanding of drugs is not satisfied with a cursory inspection, but "one by one, there are quite real materials", "list all kinds of products and look at them again and again", and make a comparative inspection of the physical objects. This clarifies many specious and ambiguous drugs.

Koi fish, pangolin, is a commonly used Chinese medicine. Tao Hongjing said that it can be amphibious, climb rocks during the day, open its scales to play dead, lure ants into the armor, then close the scales, dive into the water, and then open the armor to let ants float out and swallow. In order to know whether Tao Hongjing's statement is correct, Li Shizhen personally went up the mountain to observe. With the help of woodcutter and hunter, he caught a pangolin. About a liter of ants were dissected from its stomach, which proved that Tao Hongjing was right. However, he found from his observation that when pangolins eat ants, they scratch and lick their nests instead of luring ants into their armor and swallowing them in the water. Li Shizhen affirmed Tao Hongjing's right side and corrected his mistakes.

After 27 years of long-term efforts, the first draft of Compendium of Materia Medica was completed in the sixth year of Ming Shenzong Wanli (1578) at the age of 6 1. Later, it was revised three times in 10, for a total of 40 years. He died in the 22nd year of Wanli (AD 1593). In the 25th year of Wanli (1596), in the third year after Li Shizhen's death, Compendium of Materia Medica was officially published in Jinling (now Nanjing).

Major achievement editor

personal work

Li Shizhen's works are still handed down from generation to generation, such as Textual Research on Eight Veins of Strange Classics and Hu Ling Veins. There are also Ming-men Kao, medical records on the lake, five zang-organs graph theory, three jiao Conan, the theory of heaven after death, the legend of Agkistrodon, and so on, all of which have been lost. [3]

Compendium of Materia Medica

Li Shizhen borrowed Zhu's Compendium of Materia Medica and named it Compendium of Materia Medica. It was compiled in the thirty-first year of Jiajing (1552) and completed in the sixth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1578), which lasted for 27 years.

Compendium of Materia Medica consists of 16 parts, 52 volumes and about 1.9 million words. The book contains 15 18 kinds of drugs collected from various herbs, and 374 kinds of drugs are added on the basis of predecessors, accounting for 1892 kinds, including 1 195 kinds of plants; A total of 1 1096 prescriptions of ancient pharmacists and folk prescriptions were collected; There are more than 1 100 pictures of drug morphology in front of the book. This masterpiece has absorbed the essence of herbal works of past dynasties, corrected the previous mistakes as much as possible, supplemented the shortcomings, and made many important discoveries and breakthroughs. It is the most systematic, complete and scientific medical work in China up to16th century.

Li Shizhen broke the classification of 1000 years since Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica, and divided the drugs into 16 parts, including 60 categories, including water, fire, soil, stone, grass, grain, lai, fruit, wood, utensils, insects, scales, vectors, birds. The proper name of each drug label is the outline, and the following items of the outline are clear. The book also systematically introduces the knowledge of various drugs. Including corrections, name explanations, explanations, corrections, treatments, smells, indications, inventions, appendices, prescriptions, etc. The history, morphology, function and prescription of drugs were elaborated in detail, which enriched the knowledge of materia medica.

According to Mr. Ma's research, the artificial classification established by Li Shizhen in botany is a scientific method to classify plants with similar practicality and morphology into various types and classify them step by step. Li Shizhen classified 1000 plants according to their different economic uses, postures, habits and inclusions. It is divided into five parts (i.e. grass, orders, vegetables, fruits and grains), then into 30 categories (e.g. grass 9, wood 6, vegetables and fruits 7, orders and grains 5), and then into several categories. It not only implies the genetic relationship between plants, but also unifies the naming methods of many plants.

Compendium of Materia Medica has not only made great contributions to the development of pharmacology in China, but also had a far-reaching impact on the development of medicine, botany, zoology, mineralogy and chemistry in the world. It has been translated into more than ten languages such as Japanese, French, German, English, Latin, Russian and Korean, and published abroad. This book creates a classification system of drugs step by step according to their natural properties. This classification method is one of the important methods of modern biological taxonomy, which is one and a half centuries earlier than the Natural System written by Linnai, the founder of modern plant taxonomy, and is known as the "Dictionary of Oriental Medicine". 20 1 1 in may, Jinling edition of compendium of materia medica was selected into the memory of the world.

Lakeside pulse science

Li Shizhen felt that there were many shortcomings or even fallacies in the pulse science of TCM at that time, so in 1564 (forty-three years of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty), he compiled Pulse Tactics, namely, Pulse Science of Hu Ling, based on the Invention of Four Diagnoses written by his father Li Yuechi and other pulse theories in history.

Lakeside Veins was written by Li Shizhen in his later years, and it is called Lakeside Veins. The pulse of Hu Ling is concise in language and clear in pulse theory. It not only sums up the clinical complex pulse conditions into 27 basic pulse conditions, but also writes the main contents, namely pulse conditions, syndrome differentiation and pulse conditions, in the form of rhymes and songs, which is cheap to recite. Therefore, his books are widely circulated in the world and have been highly praised by doctors. Pulse on the Lake is of great guiding significance to the basic theoretical research and clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine, and it is a model of traditional Chinese medicine.