Since "the State Council's Decision on the Reform and Development of Basic Education" first advocated the establishment of boarding schools, with the deepening of the layout adjustment of rural primary and secondary schools, boarding schools have gradually become the mainstream of rural compulsory education, and the contradiction between school-running conditions and the needs of boarders has become increasingly prominent. After the implementation of the first round of rural boarding middle school construction, the education authorities in our city took the lead in carrying out the pilot work of rural boarding primary school construction to explore experience. From May 25th to 27th, CPPCC Vice Chairman led a team to inspect the pilot project of rural boarding construction in our city. The inspection report is as follows: 1. Basic information.
In 20×× years, the pilot construction of rural boarding primary schools in our city was officially launched. 2012-in 2008, the municipal education fee was added150,000 yuan, and pilot projects were carried out in township primary schools, Duan Qiutian primary schools and county primary schools in the special zone. The project implementation progress is as follows:
(1) Boarding Primary School in Special Zone Township: In 20 12, the municipal education surcharge was 250,000 yuan, and 500 square meters of student dormitories were built. The project started in February 2007 and was completed in July. The contract price is 566 yuan/square meter, the actual construction area is 456.6 square meters, and the investment is 264,700 yuan. It can accommodate about 1 10 students.
(II) Boarding primary schools in counties and townships: It is planned to build 580 square meters of student dormitories and student canteens, with an actual implementation area of 596 square meters, including 493 square meters of student dormitories and 0/03 square meters of student canteens. The municipal education fee is 750,000 yuan (including the equipment fee of 40,000 yuan), including: 2,065,438 yuan+250,000 yuan in 2002 and 500,000 yuan in 2008. Because the construction land is the warehouse of the grain company, it takes a long time in the process of evaluating the allocation. The construction of this project only started in April 2009. After the foundation excavation was completed, it was stopped because there was no electricity for construction. At present, the county education bureau has invested in the purchase of transformers, which can be constructed after being installed by the geoelectric company. It is expected to be completed by the end of August and can accommodate about 1 10 students.
(3) Duanqiutian Boarding Primary School: In 2008, the municipal education invested an additional 500,000 yuan (including 40,000 yuan for equipment) to build 580 square meters of student dormitories and student canteens. The main body of the project has been completed and the renovation project is under way. It is expected to be completed by the end of June and put into use in September, with about 1 10 students.
Second, the existing problems
(1) The investment is seriously insufficient, which affects the construction progress of the project and the supporting facilities are not perfect, so it is difficult to put it into use. The rural boarding primary school construction project has not been carried out in the whole country, and it is difficult to complete it only by adding a small amount of funds to the municipal education fee without the support of the central government and the county and township finances. For example, a boarding primary school in a special zone township can only build one student dormitory with a capital of 250,000, which can meet 1 10 students. There is no money to invest in the construction of student canteens, and there is no money to buy beds and living facilities in dormitories. It was completed in July 2007 and has not been put into use so far.
(b) Boarding schools will face the problem of high operating costs. The source of funds to maintain the normal operation of rural schools mainly depends on the public funds allocated by the government to each student. The per capita expenditure of boarding schools and ordinary schools is the same, but the operating cost of boarding schools is obviously higher than that of ordinary schools. At least several costs should be added, such as the construction and maintenance costs of infrastructure such as dormitories and canteens, the salary costs of canteen cooks and canteen staff, and the management costs of dormitories and canteens. In addition, the cost of water and electricity will also increase rapidly because of boarding. How to digest this part of the cost and how to allocate it reasonably needs to be explored effectively in reality.
(3) The structural shortage of boarding schools will lead to the defects of their own management. There is a general structural vacancy in rural boarding middle schools, and the pilot of rural boarding primary schools in our city will also face this problem. Boarding school construction projects only solve the problem of school building construction, and do not solve the preparation and funding of full-time management personnel such as life administrators, security guards and medical personnel. Because there are no full-time managers and special funds, they can only be supervised by school teachers in turn. In this way, the first is to increase the burden on teachers. Teachers spend a lot of energy and time on managing students, so it is difficult to ensure the quality of education. Second, the management quality is not high. Safety is a common concern of parents and schools. The students are all in grade five or six, young and have poor self-care ability. Many aspects need managers to strengthen supervision. There are no full-time managers in the school, so it is difficult to ensure the safety of students. Third, there is no medical insurance. Students should take practical measures to prevent and treat diseases. Once a disease occurs or is prevalent, it will do harm to students' health.
The living expenses of poor students in boarding primary schools will also affect the enrollment rate of schools. The state gives some living allowance to poor students in rural boarding middle schools, but there is no policy support for boarding primary schools. For example, according to the standard of 5 yuan per student a day, the monthly living expenses are 1 10 yuan, which increases the economic burden of poor families. After a long time, students from poor families, students from remote areas and left-behind children may get tired of learning and drop out of school, so it is difficult to guarantee the enrollment rate.
Three. suggestion
(a) deepen understanding, do a good job in the pilot. Rural boarding schools came into being under the background of the layout adjustment of rural primary and secondary schools. With the further promotion of rural land circulation, the rural school-age population is gradually shifting from deep mountain areas and remote areas to the central city, and from areas with inferior educational resources to areas with superior educational resources. The objective demand for layout adjustment still exists. Boarding schools have become an important mode to optimize the allocation of rural educational resources and promote the balanced development of urban and rural education. Its advantage lies in significantly expanding the service radius and population of the school, and concentrating superior resources to a certain extent, which plays an extremely important role in solving the reading difficulties of students from poor families, left-behind children and children from single-parent families. At present, the Ministry of Education has carried out 20 10 to 20 15 rural boarding school construction plans, and the construction plans of 323 rural boarding primary schools in our city have been reported to the Provincial Department of Education. Before it is fully implemented in the whole country, we must first grasp the pilot. Through the pilot, explore experience, and lay the foundation for the next project implementation.
(two) continue to increase support, improve the infrastructure and supporting service facilities of pilot schools, and put them into use as soon as possible. Because it is a pilot project, the connection between supporting policies and capital investment is not perfect, capital investment is insufficient and supporting facilities are lacking, which leads to the project construction not being put into use as soon as possible. The education departments of cities, counties, special zones and districts should check and fill gaps and improve pilot schools. City and county levels should continue to provide supporting support from the additional education fees, improve the construction of infrastructure and supporting service facilities, and put them into operation as soon as possible to play a pilot and demonstration role.
(3) Take precautions and effectively solve the practical difficulties in the later operation and management of boarding primary schools. After the boarding school is put into operation, the problem is management, and the managers have no preparation and special funds. First, governments at all levels, education, personnel and establishment departments should try their best to help schools solve the problems of management personnel and wages; Second, in the case that the staffing cannot be solved, the municipal and county finances will support the investment, or special funds will be listed from the public funds of the school, and the management personnel will be employed, and the full-time medical personnel will be deployed and paid by the county-level people's government.
Inspection report on rural boarding system
On the morning of July 2 1, the Standing Committee of County People's Congress organized some representatives of city and county people's congresses to inspect the construction of boarding schools in our county. Guo Meng, deputy director of the Standing Committee of the County People's Congress, attended the inspection activities, accompanied by Zhao Yifeng, deputy county magistrate. Delegates came to the compulsory boarding schools in Yichuan County No.1 Junior High School, Gaoshan Town Potou Primary School, Equality Township Equality Primary School, Baiyuan Town Junior High School, County Middle School, etc. to observe the school hardware construction, teaching management system, school teachers' equipment and the improvement of education quality, and listen to relevant work reports. Since 20 18, our county has invested more than 300 million yuan to build seven boarding schools, including Siyuan School, Gaoshan Potou School, Zuilohe School and Yaling Kangzhuang School, and to rebuild and expand 3/kloc-0 boarding schools, including Gaoshan No.1 Middle School, Left-behind Children School and Jiuhou Temple, with a new construction area of163,000 square meters. At the same time, we will invest/kloc-0.5 million yuan, equip Banbantong, solar street lamps, computers, dormitory beds, air conditioners and other facilities, and strive to build high-standard boarding schools. The delegates fully affirmed the construction work and achievements of boarding schools in our county, and believed that the county government and competent departments should strengthen the goal orientation and problem orientation and take effective measures to effectively improve the teaching environment of boarding schools and enhance the education level.
Inspection report on rural boarding system
In order to further consolidate the achievements in the construction of boarding schools in our county and promote the healthy development of boarding primary school education and teaching in our county, on June 5438+00, we organized relevant CPPCC members to go deep into Dongye, Jialing, Henghe, Liyan and other towns and villages, taking the advantages and disadvantages highlighted in the actual operation of boarding primary schools as the theme, and conducted a special investigation by means of "one listening, two watching and three visiting". First, the current basic situation of rural boarding primary schools
There are 17 1 rural primary schools in the county, including 72 boarding primary schools and boarding students 13902 (848 in grade one, 0/38 in grade two, 0/835 in grade three). There are 2,205 teaching and administrative staff in rural primary schools, including 44 temporary teaching and administrative staff1person.
Second, the advantages of rural boarding primary school construction
In 20 15, in view of the fact that the layout of rural primary and secondary schools in our county is scattered and unbalanced, which directly affects the effective development of education and teaching, the county government included the layout adjustment of rural primary and secondary schools and the construction of boarding schools in the county's key work, and formulated the overall plan of "tackling key problems in one year, finishing up in two years and upgrading in three years". After nearly three years of unremitting efforts, we have basically achieved the expected goals and achieved gratifying results. The number of rural primary schools in the county has been adjusted from 476 to 17 1, and the average number of students in schools has increased from 78.2 to 2 16, completely eliminating single-teacher schools, compound schools, single-class schools and small-scale primary schools with poor conditions and difficulties in offering all courses, and embarking on the road of running schools on a large scale; The educational resources have been reasonably integrated and fully utilized, especially the implementation of the rural distance education project, which has realized that there are TVs and VCDs in classes and computers in schools, and built a platform for rural children to enjoy fair and high-quality education as well as urban children; Effective concentration of financial and material resources has greatly changed the conditions for running schools in rural areas, providing a reliable guarantee for the healthy growth of children; The quality of teaching has improved significantly. Take the exam results in Jialing Township as an example. Before the layout adjustment and the construction of boarding primary schools, the test scores of this township have been hovering around 18 in 65438 township joint schools and 2 county-level primary schools in the county, and this year it has jumped to the eighth place in the county.
Third, the problems in rural boarding primary schools
The adjustment of the layout of rural primary and secondary schools and the construction of boarding primary schools have laid a solid material foundation for running schools on a large scale, sharing resources and improving the standardization level of compulsory education. However, the following problems also appeared during the operation:
1. There is a serious shortage of cooking managers and life teachers. Before the layout adjustment, most rural primary school students went to school nearby and there was no boarding system. After the layout adjustment, most students are boarding, especially in lower grade primary schools, and the students are younger. Moreover, students aged 6-7 can't take care of themselves basically, and students aged 8-1/kloc-0 can't take care of themselves at all. This requires life teachers to be responsible for the management and service of daily diet and daily life. Over the past year, although some logistics management personnel have been transferred to towns and villages with better economic conditions, due to the problem that wages cannot be paid on time due to low wages, the flow of management personnel has occurred from time to time, and the management ability and service level are even more out of the question, while towns and villages with poor economic conditions are basically unable to be equipped, so schools have to let teachers take turns to be responsible, which is very difficult to operate and is not a long-term solution. Among the 13 temporary life teachers and 5 temporary cooks recruited by Liyan Central Primary School, 6 people resigned within one month because their monthly salary was only 500 yuan. In addition to the monthly salary of temporary cooks in 200 yuan, Dongye Primary School and Yokogawa Primary School allocated by the county, after the school subsidy 100 yuan of public funds, only 300 yuan. Young people can't do it, so we have to find some old people. After a long time, their wages are low and they can't get it until the end of the year, which leads to frequent mobility. Principals are worried about this. This phenomenon has a great influence on students' daily life and normal teaching order. According to the survey, 1-2 provides 1 life teacher for every 20 junior boarders, and 1 dormitory manager for every 100 students for every 3-6 grades. According to 1 chef for every 50 chefs and 13902 chefs, there should be 683 chefs and life teachers according to actual needs. Even if 22 1 teachers who are not suitable for teaching work are transferred to logistics posts, there are still 462 teachers missing.
2. Physical and mental health and safety are not guaranteed. Boarding students are young, have poor resistance, have just left family life, and have a lot of inadaptability to collective life. Headaches, brain fever, minor injuries and ailments often occur. But most schools don't have school doctors, so they can't be prevented and treated in time. Once you get sick, you can only go to the hospital, which is very inconvenient. It is not only not conducive to the healthy growth of students, but also directly affects the normal development of teaching work. Especially in boarding primary schools in remote mountainous areas such as Henghe and Sanyao, most students leave home and their schools are more than 10 km away. Due to inconvenient transportation and lack of communication, students can't get in touch with their parents in time once they get sick. Especially after the completion of the Third Kiln, although there are local health centers, there are often no people in the health centers due to poor benefits, so it is impossible to guarantee timely treatment in case of emergency. In terms of school safety, due to the shortage of teachers, most schools do not have full-time doormen. Even if a few schools have full-time doormen, most of them are retired old ladies, lacking safety knowledge and awareness of prevention. Small vendors and other personnel often go in and out of the campus, which poses a threat to students' accommodation hygiene and school property safety.
3. There are obvious hidden dangers in traffic safety to and from school. Although the county government subsidizes the transportation expenses of boarding pupils, according to the survey, the main means of transportation for boarding pupils to and from school is the bus along the way, but only a few students can take the bus to their villages. In particular, there are basically no buses in boarding primary schools and villages where students live. Most of the means of transportation used by students to go home are motorcycles, tricycles, agricultural vehicles and walkers. Some vehicles are unlicensed and unlicensed, which is a serious overload phenomenon, and there are major safety hazards for students to ride.
4. The gap between supply and demand of coal for heating boilers and drinking water tea stoves is too large, which increases the expenses of schools. According to the survey, there are 440 boarders among 766 students in Dongye Primary School, who need 80 tons of coal for heating every year, while the county's supply is only 26 tons according to the standard of 2 tons per class, with a shortage of 54 tons, and the gap is 0. 13 tons per student, which needs to be purchased at a high price; There are 630 boarders among 720 students in Jialing Primary School. Heating boilers and drinking water tea stoves need to use 200 tons of coal every year, while the county supplies only 40 tons according to the standard of 2 tons per shift, with a shortage of 160 tons and a gap of 0.25 tons per student. According to this calculation, the county 13902 boarders have a total shortage of 3,475 tons of coal, which is about to increase expenditure.
5. There is still a shortage of facilities and equipment. The lack of facilities and equipment is mainly reflected in two aspects. One is the shortage of school buildings. The 440 students in Dongye Primary School have no kitchen or canteen. Now the kitchen rents three warehouses in the grain depot, and the rent is 10 thousand a year. Students can only eat in the classroom 200 meters away, which is not good for their health. There are 20 1 senior boarders in Henghe complete primary school who have no canteen and dormitory. Now they live in a farmer's market 300 meters away from college dropouts, and they have to be discharged from public toilets outside the road to go to the toilet, which is not conducive to safety management. There is no special laboratory, instrument and computer classroom in Henghe Primary School. Second, the internal facilities are seriously inadequate. Judging from the four townships in this survey, there are no students' computers in their primary schools. Although Jialing Primary School donated 10 computers to it by veteran cadres working in Beijing last year, it belongs to the eliminated 88-type computers, which can no longer meet the new teaching needs. This problem belongs to the common problem of boarding primary schools in county towns.
6. The enrollment rate of young children has declined. Before the reform of rural taxes and fees, every village in the county had kindergartens and preschool classes, and the rate of children entering the park reached over 95%. After the reform of rural taxes and fees, the villages with better economic conditions still insist on independent management, and the underdeveloped villages attach their children to the first grade of primary school, and the enrollment rate of children can reach 9 1.5%. After the layout adjustment, most primary schools were cancelled, and the kindergarten classes originally attached to primary schools were also closed. The kindergarten teachers who originally run kindergartens alone resigned because of low wages or the village could not afford wages at all, and preschool education was basically in a state of semi-paralysis. Parents have to send their children to other villages where kindergartens can hardly be established, and the enrollment rate of children has dropped sharply, especially for children under three years old. Take Jialing Township as an example. Before the layout adjustment, there were 23 kindergartens (classes), but now there are only 8 kindergartens (classes). According to statistics, there are 52 children under 3 years old, and 28 people are enrolled in the park, accounting for 53.8% of the total. There are 47 4-year-old children, and 45 people enter the park, accounting for 95.7% of the total; There are 63 children under 5 years old, and 63 people enter the park, accounting for 100%. On the whole, the enrollment rate of children is only 84%, and there are problems such as low level of teachers and serious shortage of facilities and equipment, which restrict the healthy development of early childhood education. This problem still belongs to the common problem of rural preschool education in the county.
7. There are many school construction funds in arrears, and rural areas are unable to repay them. The phenomenon that the contractor team locks the door occurs from time to time. The problem strongly reflected by rural cadres in the investigation is the debt problem of school construction. First, before 2002, the debts owed by the renovation of dilapidated buildings in schools were not paid off, and the schools were cancelled, resulting in idle school buildings. Different towns and villages are in debt due to reconstruction. Take Henghe Town as an example. The debts owed by villages such as Henghe, Youyi, Shuitou, Zhongsi, Quantou and Suoquanling due to reconstruction amount to 1 10,000 yuan, and they have not been settled for five years. The second debt is the old debt of the newly-built boarding primary school. Because of this, the phenomenon that the contractor team locks the school gate occurs from time to time. According to statistics, the total investment in the construction of three boarding primary schools in Dongye Town is 5.44 million yuan (Dongye 3 million yuan, Xiye 6.5438+0.46 million yuan, down by 980,000 yuan). Excluding subsidies at or above the county level and self-raised funds in rural areas, there is still a deficit of 23.65438+0.05 million yuan (6.5438+0.65 million yuan in Dongye and 460,000 yuan in Xiye). Jialing township has invested more than 7 million yuan, and now it still has the debt repayment ability of 6 million yuan. Henghe Town has invested 3.3 million yuan, with a deficit of 500,000 yuan. Due to the lack of enterprises and goods in mountainous villages and towns, the small contracting team of Henghe once stopped the car of the town party secretary in the county town and organized workers to charter a car to collect accounts collectively in Henghe Town, which caused unstable factors.
Fourthly, some suggestions to improve the present situation of rural boarding primary schools.
Our county attaches great importance to the management of rural boarding primary schools. Not only the logistics management site meeting was held, but also the policy of free accommodation and transportation subsidy for rural boarding students was implemented at the same time of "two exemptions and one subsidy", which greatly promoted the healthy operation of boarding schools, but the following work still needs to be done:
1, solve the problem of manpower shortage through multiple channels. According to the "Administrative Measures for the Appointment System of New Primary and Secondary School Teachers in Yangcheng County", we started to recruit a group of primary school teachers in various subjects to inject fresh blood and vitality into the teaching staff; Let the teachers who are not suitable for teaching in the front line be transferred to life teachers or cooking managers, or directly recruit life teachers and logistics personnel to solve the problem of insufficient logistics personnel.
2, equipped with full-time school doctors and security personnel. In order to ensure the health and personal safety of boarders and achieve the safety goals of effective treatment of minor illnesses, effective prevention of serious illnesses and no accidents on campus, school doctors can be deployed in township health centers, and security personnel can be selected from those who have been trained by county security companies and hold employment certificates. /kloc-Boarding schools with more than 0/00 students to less than 800 students are equipped with 1 person, and boarding schools with more than 800 students are equipped with 2 people. Each county needs 47 people.
3. Strengthen the traffic safety management and supervision mechanism. First, for students who can go to and from school by bus, the township people's government where the students are located will coordinate and arrange the main leaders of the village Committee to be responsible, so that the parents of the students can sign a contract with the bus company to determine the time, place and security provisions for picking up and dropping off the students from school; Second, for students who don't have a school bus to and from school, the main leaders of the township people's governments, boarding primary schools and village committees where the students are located will hold parent-teacher meetings to strengthen safety education and enhance safety awareness, so that parents can sign an agreement not to take tricycles, agricultural vehicles and walkers to and from school, and parents can pick them up safely in person. Implement the task of safety supervision to people.
4. Improve the supply standard of cheap coal for boarding schools in underdeveloped towns. According to the coal required for heating and drinking water provided by several schools in the survey, the county can allocate boarding schools in economically underdeveloped towns with an average of 0.25 tons on the basis of the original supply standard according to the distribution of boarding students, thus solving the practical difficulties of fewer students, less funds and large expenses in poor towns and villages.
5, increase the funds for the construction of boarding schools and facilities in underdeveloped towns and villages. For towns and villages with no underground resources and no enterprises on the ground, we should increase investment and raise subsidy standards to ensure that students have enough school buildings and normal teaching order in school building construction, whether they are in arrears in the past reconstruction or in the present or future. Allocate special matching funds for facilities and equipment, and equip boarding primary schools with a certain number of computers and other internal equipment.
6, according to local conditions to develop and introduce measures to run the park. Combined with the actual situation of unbalanced economic development in our county, new ways of running parks are introduced, and the principle of "one village, one park" is implemented for economically developed villages. For economically underdeveloped villages, the principle of distributing preschool teachers in single village, joint village and county is implemented. Ensure that children can enter the park on time and lay the foundation for preschool education for compulsory education.