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The development of ancient medical system
There were many good doctors in the Qin Dynasty, so a relatively systematic system was formed.

The medical system has a great influence on later generations and is the first stage of development. also

The medical order is the highest official position, supplemented by Cheng, who is in charge of medicine and transferred to Shaofu.

There was a doctor who served the royal family or the royal family and developed into a later physician. exist

At the local level, official doctors not only treat officials at all levels, but also accept the stationing of local officials.

Leprosy quarantine task assigned at that time. On the basis of the Qin dynasty, the medical system was quite huge.

Development is the second stage of development.

In the Western Han Dynasty, the central medical post was different from Shaofu and Taichang, and each had its own settings.

Cure too much for the highest office. Under the order of the imperial doctor of Shaofu, there are medical supervisors, doctors and doctors.

The Queen is a female doctor who diagnoses and treats diseases (also known as a breast doctor) and who is in charge of drug treatment.

Materia Medica to be determined; His duties developed into a pharmacy official and were later transferred to the government. Taichang

The imperial doctor order is in charge of the imperial doctor who diagnoses and treats diseases and the drug storehouse who presides over drug prescriptions. also

Doctors are not only responsible for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of central officials, but also for the medical affairs of counties.

Each county has a medical foreman who is responsible for treating the doctor too much; Its responsibility developed later.

Doctor too much. In the drug storehouse system, the drug tube presides over medical treatment and there is a drug storehouse.

Store medicine. To inspect the imperial doctor in the Western Han Dynasty, we must first make clear the system to which the instrument belongs, otherwise,

Confusion is inevitable. The medical system of the vassal States is basically modeled after the central government, but it is slightly different.

Cheng, the position of medical foreman is not in the central medical system.

During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Imperial Medical Order of Taichang was deleted, and only the Imperial Medical Order was established in Shaofu.

Cheng, in charge of medical orders. There are 293 doctors and 19 officials under the imperial doctor's order. and

Only medicine can be the main medicine. Three medical positions were added: medical director of Nakamiya,

The eunuch was appointed to be responsible for the medical affairs of the palace concubines; The commercial drug supervision and tasting drugs are all too palace.

The emperor took two tenths of the medicine before taking it.

Use. At this time, there is a clear division of labor in medical management.

During the Jin dynasty, due to the Wei system, the imperial doctor ordered him to be transferred to. Set up a government office in Xi

Waiter, make two people, take charge of the court, punish the funeral and other things for medical treatment. Mourn for the emperor

(362 ~ 365) Taigong Province, which was treated too much, was changed to Menxia Province, Taifu Temple.

Chinese and Thai doctors.

During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the imperial doctors of the Southern Qi Dynasty and Cheng belonged to the Ministry of Industry.

Be a leader. Chen Liang, both Shengmen and Cheng have given orders.

Northern Wei Imperial Physician ordered to be transferred to Taichang, adding doctors and teaching assistants to Imperial Physician. door

In the lower province, there is a business pharmacy and a royal department (that is, a royal doctor), which belongs to the Shaofu family in the Han Dynasty.

The system of making official orders to treat diseases is similar, which was caused by many generations in the future. Northern qi inheritance

In the Northern Wei Dynasty, there were imperial court, imperial court and commercial drug administration.

Suitable; Shangshu, Menxia and Zhongshu provinces all have their own doctors in charge of medical treatment. Northern Zhou medicine

There are many reforms in the system of things, such as the establishment of small doctors, small doctors and medical doctors.

Choose the right medicine, doctor, etc. , and has the main medicine. The establishment of the department of cure too much was revealed in the Liu and Song Dynasties, but

History books are recorded in simplified Chinese, which is difficult to test. With the establishment of the Imperial Medical Department, the Imperial Medical Department was expanded in the Tang Dynasty.

Department has become a large-scale and far-reaching medical school, and it has been a great doctor since Song and Yuan Dynasties.

Bureau (hospital) not only manages medical education, but also is the highest medical management in China.

Different organs are the third stage of development.

The Imperial Healing Department and the Forbidden City Temple in the Sui Dynasty were medical education and medical institutions.

The rank of imperial doctor is the highest official position, and Cheng is his assistant. There are main medicines, doctors and medicines below.

There are 265,438+05 gardeners, medical doctors, teaching assistants, massage doctors and Zhu Jin doctors.

Gao Zushi (589 ~ 604) modeled on the Northern Qi system and set up a commercial and pharmaceutical bureau in Menxia Province, specializing in.

Under the door, he is responsible for the emperor's medicine, and has the positions of imperial code, imperial doctor, and physician.

Yang-ti became emperor, changed Li Dian to introspect, and changed Canon to Phoenix. And doctors and medical assistants.

Officers and other positions.

In the Tang Dynasty, due to the Sui system, the Department of Imperial Cure was expanded and was appointed to be in charge of medical administration, government affairs,

It is supplemented by the processing of history, medical supervision, medical education, main medicine, medicine and children's medicine.

Preparations and medicinal materials were planted and collected by pharmacists in time, with 340 teachers and students. Shangyao

Bureau attack sui system, plus 96 spell-forbidden division, joint fat division. Save another door.

Set up Xi official department, in charge of the medicine of imperial secretary and guilty queen. There are priests among court officials,

Canon medicine, palm medicine, female history, specializing in treating empresses' diseases.

During the Five Dynasties, there was a post of Hanlin medical officer. The reform of medical system in Song Dynasty was divided into four parts.

Division, Tai Medical Bureau is responsible for medical education, as well as medical laws and regulations and enrollment.

Visual therapy is managed by Hanlin Medical College, which is the fourth development stage.

In the Song Dynasty, the Imperial Palace Medical Bureau moved to Taichang Temple, with Cheng, Professor and Nine Doctors.

Uh, 300 people. In the ninth year of Xining (1076), a recommendation and judgment bureau was established, which stipulated that the judgment bureau should be one.

People who know medicine should be chosen for this position. Hanlin Medical Officer Hospital has a subsidiary hospital and a straight hospital.

There are more than 100 people engaged in medicine, royal clothing, medical officials and medicine. Palace province is still established.

Pharmacy, in charge of emperor medicine. In the third year of Daoism (997), Tai Hospital was established as a service palace.

The medical organ of the imperial court, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, is similar to the internal medicine of the Qing Dynasty. Shen Zongshi

(1076) A drug sales station (called cooked drug station) was set up in Shi Jing to carry out identification and inspection of medicinal materials, and another one was set up.

There are two He Xiu medical research institutes (processing medicinal materials). This is the establishment of government-run pharmacies. symbol

In Zongshi (1 1 14), pharmacies and repair pharmacies were changed to Taiping Huimin Bureau and Hutchison.

Bureau, mainly to control the national drug processing and trading, set up drug bureaus in various places.

40 places. Pharmacy also treats diseases and acts as a medical drug vending machine, which is convenient for government to use drugs.

Structure. The Yuan Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty inherited this system, commonly known as Huimin Pharmacy.

During the Liao dynasty, northern officials set up a medical bureau, with ambassadors, deputy envoys and officials in Dulin.

To undertake the small bottom bureau, I am in charge of the accounting department, and I have a small bottom for soup and medicine. Nan Guan she Han Lin

Hospital, there are letters of introduction from Hanlin medical officer, Hanlin medical officer, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Herbal Medicine Department.

Soup, medicine and other activities are for the royal family.

In the Jin Dynasty, the Imperial Medical Bureau was changed to the Imperial Hospital, and Xuanhui Hospital was in charge of medical administration and medicine.

Learning education, there are points, imperial envoys, deputy envoys, judges, pipe hooks and other positions. Imperial medicine

Hospitals are divided into straight lengths. The commercial pharmacy was changed to Xuanhui Hospital, but it was managed.

The emperor gave priority to diet and medicine, followed by medical treatment. The medical systems of the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties were similar. By the Yuan Dynasty,

Thai hospital has become an independent central medical institution, which is the fifth development stage.

In the first year of Yuan Dynasty's unification (1260), missionaries were set up to be in charge of Tai Hospital and doctors.

Things, the preparation of royal drugs, ranked second, for the highest grade of medical officials in previous dynasties. that

Postdoctoral titles and positions change frequently. In the ninth year of Yuan Dynasty (1272), medicine was established again.

The further education department, with the further education department and the deputy further education department, is responsible for teaching students from all walks of life and taking exams for imperial doctors.

Tutor, collating famous doctors' writings, identifying and testing medicinal materials, and teaching children of imperial doctors. Zhiyuan

Twenty-five years (1288) also set up an official doctoral promotion department, which has promotion, same promotion and deputy.

Lift it up and take charge of the lawsuit of the medical officer. Henan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Huguang, Shaanxi

There are departments in the west, and there are scattered officials and doctors in other provinces. The authorities in charge of the physician are: ①.

The Royal Medical Hospital is responsible for the management of precious medicines and herbs donated by towns and countries.

Processed preparations. (2) The Royal Pharmacy is in charge of Dadu (Beijing) and Shangdu (Duolun)

After executing the medicine, the medicine storehouse is only in the palm of your hand. ③ Yu Hang

Pharmacy, in charge of drugs, was established in Dade for nine years (1305). (4) Code Pharmacy, Palm

Donggong pharmaceutical processing preparation. ⑤ Manage Canon Pharmacy, and be responsible for supplying drugs to the East Palace.

⑥ Guanghui Division was established in the seventh year of Zhiyuan (1266) and was specially made by Arab doctors.

This medicine is used to treat guards and civilians in Beijing. Zhiyuan Ji

19 (1292) There was a Huimin hospital called Zhanghui in both Dadu and Shangdu.

The drug was returned until the second year of treatment (1322) and transferred to Guanghui Department. In charge of Huimin pharmaceutical machinery

Customs: ① Guangji Lifting Division, in charge of pharmaceutical processing preparations, for civilian use. 2 big.

Du Huimin Bureau, a government-run drug agency, gives preferential treatment to civilians and is unified for two years (126 1).

At first, the hospital took the lead. ③ Shangdu Huimin Bureau, unified for four years (1263)

Initial position.

In the Ming dynasty, the imperial court was in the order of three things, including court messengers, court judges and court officials.

Doctors and officials. There are ambassadors and ambassadors in the medicine store and Huimin pharmacy respectively. Yongle Shi

After moving the capital to Beijing for nine years (142 1), there are still Thai hospitals, pharmacopoeia shops and Hui people in Nanjing.

People's drug administration, the number of posts is reduced. The duties of the imperial palace are: ① to be the minister of the imperial palace and the foreign minister.

The messenger's internal diseases; (2) promotion and examination of doctors; (3) Cure too many children

Education; ④ Drug procurement. Drug management: ① Royal pharmacy, affiliated to

In the sixth year of Hongwu (1373), it was changed to Shengjitang in the fifteenth year of Jiajing (1536).

There is also a royal medical library, which serves the royal doctors in turn. Its duty is to identify and verify medicinal materials.

Prepare; Receiving and keeping donated drugs in various places. ② Huimin pharmacy, before inheritance.

System, Hongwu three years, local settings, sent soldiers to be treated peacefully.

People, but due to poor management and lack of funds, many exist in name only.

In the Qing dynasty, the imperial court had court ambassadors and judges in charge of medical administration and medical treatment.

There are doctors, officials, healers and medical staff (medical department); Doctor, Carter

Health (processing and pharmaceutical) and other positions. The number of posts has increased and decreased in different dynasties. Taiyi Hospital Taiyi

According to their major, they are all assigned to different classes. In addition, it is also entrusted with the responsibilities of princes, ministers and countries.

Medical and medicinal identification of foreign envoys, Xu, military camps, prisons and test sites

Waiting for work. There are also clear management regulations for the promotion, replacement and resignation of hospital officials.

In the tenth year of Shunzhi (1653), imperial pharmacies and hospitals were set up to manage the procurement of drugs.

Storage and preparation. Use the East and West Royal Pharmacy to serve the internal affairs, and the West Pharmacy belongs to the hospital.

The hospital ordered doctors and officials to take turns on duty, while the Oriental Pharmacy belonged to doctors and officials.

And therapists, take turns changing shifts. In the Qing dynasty, there was no Huimin pharmacy, only one place.

Social pension institutions run by the government, such as nurseries, Pujitang and nursing homes.

Under the pressure of the capitalist democratic revolution in the late Qing Dynasty, the government system was reformed.

There is a department in the Ministry of Civil Affairs. The highest official position is Langzhong, followed by Yuanwailang.

There are positions such as director, Xiaobei Beijing official and medical officer.