Independence Day: 165438+ 10/0/6 (1918).
National Day: August 20th (1949)
Holocaust Remembrance Day: April 16 (1944)
National flag: rectangular, with an aspect ratio of 3: 2. From top to bottom, it consists of three parallel and equal horizontal rectangles: red, white and green. Red symbolizes the blood of patriots and the independence and sovereignty of the country; White symbolizes peace and represents the people's beautiful desire to pursue freedom and light; Green symbolizes Hungary's prosperity and people's confidence and hope for the future.
National emblem: It's a coat of arms. The shield surface is vertically divided into two parts: the left side is a parallel red and white wide strip; On the lower right is a green mountain with a crown on the top. The crown is a white double cross pattern, which is the symbol of the bishop. Above the crest is the crown of St. Stephen, and above the crown is an inclined cross. It is said that when the crown was stolen, the cross was crooked by the thief.
National dignitaries: President solyom laszlo, elected in June 2005; Gyurcsany ferenc was elected Prime Minister in September 2004. In April 2006, the Socialist Party won the parliamentary election and obtained the right to form a cabinet. In June of the same year, Gyurcsanyi was sworn in as Prime Minister.
Physical geography: covers an area of 93,030 square kilometers. As a landlocked country in Central Europe, the Danube and its tributary Tisza River run through the whole territory. It borders Romania and Ukraine in the east, Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia and Montenegro (Yugoslavia) in the south, Austria in the west and Slovakia in the north. Most areas are plains and hills. It has a continental temperate broad-leaved forest climate, with an average annual temperature of about 1 1℃.
Population: 1 0175000 (65438+ 10/in 2002). The main ethnic group is Mazar (that is, Hungarian), accounting for about 98%. Ethnic minorities include Slovakia, Romania, Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, Germany and Gypsies. The official language is Hungarian. Residents mainly believe in Catholicism (66.2%) and Christianity (17.9%).
Are Hungarians descended from Huns?
Capital: Budapest, population 65,438+0,745,000 (65,438+0 in 20021October).
Administrative divisions: The whole country is divided into the capital and 19 states, 23 state-level cities and cities and townships below the state level.
Near the Parliament Building in Budapest, a 4 13-meter-long and 6.5-meter-wide pontoon bridge symbolizing the connection between the EU and Hungary stands on the Danube River flowing through the city.
Brief History: The formation of the Hungarian state originated from the nomadic people in the east-the nomadic tribes in Madzar. In the 9th century, they migrated westward from the western foothills of the Urals and Volga River, and settled in the Danube River basin in 896. In a.d. 1000, St. istvan established a feudal country and became the first Hungarian king. /kloc-The reign of King Magas in the second half of the 5th century was the most glorious period in Hungarian history. 1526 Turkey invaded and the feudal state disintegrated. From 65438 to 0699, the whole territory was ruled by the Habsburg dynasty. 1848, the free revolutionary struggle led by Kosos broke out. 1849 In April, the Hungarian Parliament adopted the Declaration of Independence and established the Republic of Hungary, but it was quickly strangled by Austrian and Russian troops. 1867 the austro-hungarian agreement declared the establishment of the austro-hungarian empire. The Austro-Hungarian Empire disintegrated after the First World War. 191811Hungary announced the establishment of the second bourgeois republic. 1919 On March 2 1 day, the Hungarian Soviet Republic was founded. In August of the same year, the imperialist interveners jointly attacked and subverted, restored the constitutional monarchy, and began fascist rule in Holti. 1945 In April, the Soviet Red Army liberated the whole territory of Hungary with the cooperation of the Hungarian people. 1946 In February, the monarchy was abolished and the Hungarian Republic was established. 1949 On August 20th, the People's Republic of Hungary was founded and a new constitution was promulgated. 1956 10 Hungarian incident broke out. 1989101October 23rd, according to the constitutional amendment, it was decided to rename the People's Republic of Hungary as the Republic of Hungary. At the end of 1999, the Crown Law was passed and the Crown Committee headed by the President was established.
Buda Castle in Budapest
Politics: 1989 10 10. In October, the Hungarian Parliament passed a constitutional amendment, which made a major revision in principle. Decided to abolish the Presidium of the Republic as the collective head of state, implement the presidential system, establish a multi-party parliamentary democracy and a market economy, embody the principle of separation of powers in state institutions, and abolish the provisions on the leading role of political parties in Marxism–Leninism in state institutions. Congress is the legislature and the highest authority of the country, with 386 seats and universal suffrage every four years.
Economy: Hungary is a country with a medium level of development and a good industrial base. According to its national conditions, Hungary has developed and produced some knowledge-intensive products with its own characteristics, such as computers, communication equipment, instruments and meters, chemicals and medicines. Hungary has taken various measures to optimize the investment environment and is one of the countries in Central and Eastern Europe that attract the most foreign investment per capita.
Natural resources are relatively poor, and bauxite is the main mineral resource, ranking third in Europe. In addition, there are a small amount of lignite, oil, natural gas, uranium, iron and manganese. The forest coverage rate is about 18%. Agriculture has a good foundation and occupies an important position in the national economy. It not only provides abundant food for the domestic market, but also earns a lot of foreign exchange for the country. The main agricultural products are wheat, corn, sugar beet and potato. Tourism is relatively developed.
Although Hungary is poor in resources, it has beautiful mountains and rivers, magnificent buildings and distinctive features. There are many hot springs here, and the four seasons are distinct, which attracts tourists from all over the world. The main tourist attractions are Budapest, Lake Balaton, Danube River and Matlau Mountain. Budapest, the capital of the Danube, is a famous ancient city in Europe, with infinite scenery and the reputation of "the pearl on the Danube". Lake Balaton, the largest freshwater lake in Europe, is also a bright spot to attract a large number of tourists. In addition, Hungarian wines also add luster to this country with a long history and mellow taste. Hungary's unique natural scenery and cultural landscape make it a big tourist country and one of the important sources of foreign exchange in Hungary.
Szechenyi Bathroom in Budapest.
Ni bath was built 100 years ago.
Budapest's famous spa.
Press and publication: at present, running a newspaper in Hungary does not require approval, but only needs to be registered with the Ministry of Culture and Education. Many publications have foreign shares. In 200 1 year, there are 7 national newspapers with large circulation and 87 other publications. The main daily newspapers are Metro, Today at a Glance, People's Freedom, National Sports, Hungarian Nation, Express, Hungarian News and People's Voice. The Hungarian news agency is state-owned and was founded in 1880. The main radio stations are Koschut Radio (founded in 1949) and petofi Radio, both of which are state-run radio stations. There are also Radio Baldock and Radio Donobis. The main TV station is Hungarian TV, which is state-owned and founded in 1958. Danube TV, private.
Diplomacy: pursuing an independent foreign policy based on national interests. While maintaining a balanced diplomatic relationship between the East and the West, we will strive to return to Europe and join the EU at an early date. 1In March 1999, Hungary formally joined NATO. On May 1 2004, Hungary officially became a member of the European Union.
Relations with China:1949101On October 6th, China established diplomatic relations with Hungary at the ambassadorial level. For a long time, China and Hungary have maintained and developed friendly and cooperative relations on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. Hungarian President G?nc visited China in 1994, President Jiang Zemin visited Hungary in 1995, and Hungarian Prime Minister John Major paid an official visit to China in August 2003. The two sides signed the Joint Statement of the Government of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Government of the Republic of Hungary. In June 2004, President Hu Jintao paid a state visit to Hungary, and China and Hungary signed a joint statement. In June 2002, China and Hungary re-signed an agreement on scientific and technological cooperation. In 2003, the trade volume between the two countries reached US$ 2.58 billion. Hungary has become a destination country for China citizens to travel abroad. In September 2005, Hungarian Prime Minister Gyurcsanyi visited China.