Character life:
Inherit a title
Zhou Yafu is the son of Jiang Hou Zhou Bo, the founding hero of the Western Han Dynasty. Two years later, Emperor Wendi attacked his father Jiang Hou. Let's go, CHO.
Yafu is the chief of Hanoi. At that time, there was an old woman, Xu Fu, who was famous for her beauty. On one occasion, Zhou Yafu asked her to visit a fortune teller in her own government. Xu Fu said to him, "Your fate is more glorious. You can be appointed Hou in three years, and you can become Prime Minister in eight years. Your position is very important. But you will starve to death in nine years. "
Zhou Yafu didn't believe it at all. He said: "I will definitely not be sealed, because my brother inherited his father's Marquis. Even if he dies, his nephew will inherit it, but he can't get rid of me. It is impossible to say that I starved to death, because since I am a noble, how can I starve to death? "
Chui fook said, she just draw a conclusion according to the face. She also pointed to the corner of Zhou Yafu's mouth and said, "There is a vertical stripe on the edge of your mouth. This is a hungry face. " Zhou Yafu was surprised.
Coincidentally, three years later, Zhou Yafu's brother Zhou Shengzhi was deprived of the post of Marquis for murder. Wendy read about the exploits of the Han Dynasty, so he didn't want to deprive the Zhou family of the title, so he ordered to choose the best son to inherit the title. Everyone unanimously elected Zhou Yafu, so Zhou Yafu inherited his father's title.
Liu Xi military parade
In BC 158 (the 22nd year of Emperor Wendi), the Huns invaded the northern border, and Emperor Wendi quickly adjusted the border defense. In order to guard the capital, Wendi sent three troops to Chang 'an to resist the guards. Liu Lishouba, Zhu Xi and Li Shouxi, and Zhou Yafu, the satrap of Hanoi.
In order to boost morale, Wendi personally went to the three armed forces to express his condolences. He went to the dam first and then to Zhaimen. There is no need to report these two places. The emperor's chariots and horses came, and the barracks took the initiative to let them go. Moreover, the leaders of the two places didn't know the news until Wendi arrived, and they panicked as soon as they met. When seeing Emperor Wen off, he also led the whole army to the camp gate.
Wendi went to the camp in Zhou Yafu, which was very different from the two places he went to first. Those who cleared the way in front were stopped outside the camp. The guard of the military gate, a captain, told the emperor that he would come to pay his respects and said, "The general has orders, and the army only listens to the general's orders, not the emperor's edicts." When Emperor Wendi arrived, he sent an emissary to report with his own Jeff, and Zhou Yafu ordered to open the village gate to meet him. The soldiers guarding the camp also solemnly told Wendi's entourage: "The general has an order: horses and chariots are not allowed to break into the barracks." The coachman must control the reins to prevent the horse from running too fast. Before arriving at the tent of war, Zhou Yafu came out to meet him, armed with weapons, and bowed to Emperor Wen: "I beg your majesty to allow me to meet you in the army." Wendi Deng was very moved. He leaned over to hold the crossbar in front of the car and saluted the soldiers.
When he finished his work and walked out of the camp, Emperor Wendi said with emotion to the surprised ministers: "This is the real general! Those troops who dominate the door and the thorn door are simply children's play. If the enemy comes to sneak attack, I'm afraid their general will also be captured. But how can Zhou Yafu have a chance to be attacked by the enemy? " For a long time, Emperor Wen worshipped Zhou Yafu.
A month later, the Xiongnu soldiers retreated. Emperor Wen ordered the withdrawal of the three armed forces, and then promoted Zhou Yafu to lieutenant, who was in charge of the relieving of the capital and was responsible for guarding the capital.
Later, when Emperor Wen was seriously ill and dying, he aligned himself, and later Emperor Jing said, "Zhou Yafu can be used at critical moments in the future. He is a general who can use it with confidence. " After the death of Emperor Wendi, Emperor Jingdi named Zhou Yafu as a rider.
Pacify the seven kingdoms
BC 154 (the third year of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty), Liu Bi, the king of Wu, joined forces with Liu E, the king of Chu, and Liu Shao, the king of Jiaoxi, to launch a rebellion under the banner of "killing Chao Cuo, clearing the monarch's side". Jingdi then promoted Zhou Yafu to Qiu and led the troops in counterinsurgency. At this time, the insurgents were storming the beam, but Zhou Yafu didn't want to help directly. He put forward his own strategic plan to Jingdi: "Chu Jun is fierce and has strong fighting capacity. Briefly introduce Zhou Yafu, if you fight head-on, it is difficult to win. I intend to give up Liang temporarily, cut off its grain route from behind, and then wait for an opportunity to defeat the rebels. " Jingdi agreed to Zhou Yafu's plan.
So Zhou Yafu detoured in March. When I arrived at the dam, I met a scholar named Zhao She. He suggested that Zhou Yafu make a detour to the right to avoid being attacked by rebels halfway. Zhou Yafu followed Zhao's advice, went out of Lantian and Wuguan, and soon arrived in Luoyang. After searching, he really caught the ambush.
At this time, Liang was attacked by rebels and asked Zhou Yafu for help. Zhou Yafu sent troops eastward to Changyi City (now southwest of Juye, Shandong Province), but failed to hold on. Liang Wang sent for help again, but Zhou Yafu still didn't send reinforcements. Finally, Liang Wang wrote to Jingdi, and Jingdi sent a letter to Zhou Yafu asking for reinforcements, but Zhou Yafu remained unmoved. However, he secretly sent troops to cut off the rebels' grain routes, and also sent troops to rob the rebels of their grain. The rebels had to attack Zhou Yafu first. After several challenges, Zhou Yafu stopped fighting. Over time, Zhou Yafu's army morale is somewhat unstable.
One night, there was chaos in the camp, and the noise could be heard even in Zhou Yafu's tent, but Zhou Yafu stayed in bed. After a while, the chaos naturally subsided. A few days later, the rebels attacked the southeast of the barracks, but Zhou Yafu sent people to the northwest to defend. As a result, the rebels were attacked by the main force in the northwest, and they were quickly repelled because they were prepared.
Because of the lack of food, the rebels finally had to retreat, and Zhou Yafu took the opportunity to send troops to pursue and win. The head of Liu Ying, the leader of the rebel army, was also cut off and sent by the Vietnamese. Three months later, the rebellion was quickly put down. After the war, everyone praised Zhou Yafu's tactics of fighting. However, because Zhou Yafu was not rescued in time, Liang Wang made enemies with him. Pacify the rebellion of the Seven Kings, maintain the unity of the Western Han Dynasty, and strengthen centralization.
Tragic ending
BC 152 (the fifth year of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty), Prime Minister Tao Qing resigned due to illness, and Emperor Jing appointed Zhou Yafu as Prime Minister. At first, Jingdi attached great importance to him. On one occasion, Emperor Jing wanted to abolish Liu Rong. Liu Rong is a brief introduction of Zhou Yafu, so he is called Prince Li. However, Zhou Yafu's opposition caused Jingdi to alienate him. Liang Wang, who had been enemies with him, spoke ill of Zhou Yafu in front of the Queen Mother every time he went to Beijing, which was also very bad for him.
Later, two events led to the tragedy of Zhou Yafu. One is that the queen's brother sealed the marquis, and the other is that the Xiongnu general sealed the marquis. Dou Taihou wanted Jingdi to be the queen's younger brother Hou, but Jingdi didn't want to, saying that Dou Taihou's nephew didn't stand Hou when his father Wendi was alive. Dou Taihou said that her brother didn't have a seal when he was alive. Although his nephew was later named Hou, he always felt sorry for his younger brother, so he suggested that Jingdi named Wang xin Hou. Jingdi had to shirk saying that he wanted to discuss with the minister. When Jingdi discussed with Zhou Yafu, Zhou Yafu said that Liu Bang had said that those who were not surnamed Liu could not be crowned king, and those who had no credit could not be crowned Hou. If Wang xin is made a Hou, it will violate the oath of our ancestors. Jingdi has nothing to say.
Later, the Xiongnu generals only allowed Lu and other five people to submit to the Han Dynasty. Jingdi was very happy and wanted to seal him.
We waited for them to encourage other Huns to submit to the Han Dynasty, but Zhou Yafu objected: "If these traitors are sealed, how can we punish those ministers who don't keep the festival?" Jingdi was very unhappy: "The words of the Prime Minister are pedantic and useless!" Then all five people were blocked. Zhou Yafu resigned because of illness. Jingdi approved his request.
After that, Emperor Jing called him into the palace to hold a banquet to test whether his temper had changed, so he didn't put chopsticks in front of him. Zhou Yafu asked the steward for chopsticks unhappily. Jingdi smiled and said to him, "Can't this make you happy?" Zhou Yafu was ashamed and resentful, unwilling, and knelt down before Jingdi to apologize. As soon as Jingdi said "get up", he immediately stood up and left without waiting for Jingdi to speak again. Jingdi sighed and said, "How can such a person help the young master?"
Zhou Yafu's son, Xing Xing, saw that he was old, so he secretly bought 500 armor shields, forbidding personal trading. Zhou Yafu's son didn't want to give money earlier because of the short deadline. As a result, disgruntled servants reported that they had bought goods that were forbidden by the state privately and wanted to rebel. Jingdi sent someone to trace the matter.
The person in charge of the investigation called Zhou Yafu and asked why. Zhou Yafu doesn't know what his son did or how to answer the question. The person in charge thought that he was angry, so he reported it to Xiang Jing. Emperor Jingdi was very angry and handed Zhou Yafu over to Ting Wei, the highest judicial officer, for trial.
Ting Wei asked Zhou Yafu, "Why did the monarch rebel?"
Zhou Yafu replied, "My son bought funeral supplies. How can it be called rebellion? "
Ting Wei sarcastically said: "Even if there is no rebellion on the ground, I am afraid there will be rebellion underground!"
Zhou Yafu was humiliated beyond endurance. He began to commit suicide when he was called into court by a poor official, but his wife stopped him. This time, he was humiliated, which was even more unbearable. So he stopped eating * * * and vomited blood to death five days later.
Personality assessment
General comments
Throughout Zhou Yafu's life, he did two brilliant things: First, he carefully stationed troops and strictly managed the army, and made contributions to defending Chang 'an, the capital of China, from being trampled by Xiongnu fighters. Second, he directed and quelled the rebellion of the Seven Countries, crushed the conspiracy of the vassal to split and separate, and maintained a unified and stable political situation. Zhou Yafu made great contributions to consolidating the rule of the Western Han Dynasty.
Historical evaluation
Sima Qian: "Yafu's use of troops is even more impressive!" If you don't learn enough, you will be rude, and you will still be poor in the end. Sad husband! "
Xu denied: "The queen is only three years old. When Hou was eight years old, he was a leader and held the hand of the country, which was precious. He is no different to people and priests. "
Liu Heng: "Wow, this is really a general! Those who beat up the army and stab the door army will be attacked and captured if they play with their ears. As for Yafu, you can get it and do evil! ""Even if there is an emergency, Zhou Yafu can really be a general. "
Huan Tan: "Zhou Yafu is fierce and can be described as a general of the country."
Chen Lin: "Wu is arrogant, arrogant, arrogant. He caused chaos, and he used his own army to make the country rich. As soon as Tai Wei got off Xingyang, the troops of the Seven Kingdoms collapsed, and the curse was not exhausted. The blade of Dantu trapped his chest. "
Su Zhe: "With Zhou Yafu as the general, Wu Chu was defeated. In a few months, it will be a catastrophe, a phase, and a mistake. "
Ouyang Che: "To make Qiang Bing a rich country, the interior will not move, and the people will be as safe as ever, just as doctors can grow it;" Transfer to feed, there is no labor and people outside, because Fan Li knows; Decisive in the face of opportunity, breaking thousands of miles, like Zhou Yu's courage; If you think about it for a long time, you will succeed, just like Zhao Chongguo. The army of Yan is like Zhou Yafu; Run to Xiang Yu's camp, just like Fan Kuai; Diligent in serving the country, knowing everything is like Fang Lingxuan; He is also a civil servant, and he will also enter the phase, just like Li Jing. Even stupid men and women know that he can win. "
Shi Qian said, "The heirs of Wendi are Shentu Jia and Zhou Yafu. The two of them didn't scratch their integrity, which would be a great help to the young master. Both of them vomited blood and died, which even King Di felt a pity. "
Prosthodontic: "If you successfully pacify Wu Chu, if you get suspicious, you will be offended. Of course, the king has many moments, which has nothing to do with the negative writing spirit. "
Chen Pu: "Thirty-six generals in the Western Expedition. The isolated city of the industry is burning. Liu Xi didn't meet the hero, she had already experienced her mouth and left according to the text. "
Chen: "Hou Jianfeng, Xiang Xian Chengde. The sky is a fake male material, and the world is forced. Armor * * *, with standard. General Shi commands the son of heaven. Make good use of things and prepare for the enemy's northwest. Qiguoping, World War I Zeke. Qiu Dong made a defense, and the Prime Minister led the post. Fame and fortune are in the country. "
Wang Shizhen: "Han can win the battle if he has a key point, without waiting for Zhou Yafu's statement;" That's a relative, who knows the big picture, and he is far more virtuous than Shen Tujia, but his father is not as good as him. "
Huang Daozhou: "Yafu is a strict soldier. If the army doesn't rush, the son of heaven will press the button. Dominating Thorn Gate is like child's play. Haochu is against the times and difficult to control. Stick to the wall to discourage them. Entrusted by Liang Absolute Leech, he prepared for war in the northwest. If you can't challenge, it will disturb the high rest. Shi Hao is hungry and anxious, so he can take advantage of its disadvantages. Since the beheading of Hao, Qiu seeks to be the son of heaven. Being in a high position is difficult and bloody. "
Zeng Guofan: "Zhou Yafu's integrity has become the wind of keeping integrity. Looking at the thin willow and the army, the son of heaven changed his face and was already dumbfounded. After that, the generals refused to save Liang Wang, refused to wait for a letter of work, and refused to be the king of Xiongnu. They all persist in the correct theory without expecting it. "
Historical position
In the third year of the founding of the Tang Dynasty (782), etiquette made Yan Zhenqing suggest to Tang Dezong that 64 ancient famous soldiers should be posthumously sealed and temples should be set up for them to drink, among which "Autumn meets Zhou Yafu".
By the fifth year of Song Xuanhe (1 123), temples had been built for ancient celebrities in Song Dynasty, including Zhou Yafu. Zhou Yafu is one of the biographies of the Seventeen Histories written in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Military achievements
Zhou Yafu made three great contributions to the army. First, it changed the riding tactics mainly by car, and put forward the general plan of short soldiers, swords and fresh guards, which is more conducive to fighting against tarquin. Second, the East was introduced to the West, and the suspected soldiers were deployed in Shanxi and Hebei, but the main forces were in Ningxia and Gansu, which made the Huns neglect each other from beginning to end, and they were defeated in World War I, which laid the foundation for Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to thoroughly wipe out the Xiongnu who invaded the border. Third, quell the rebellion of the Seven Kings with fewer victories. At that time, the seven countries had 500 thousand troops, while the Han Dynasty had only 100 thousand. Zhou Yafu parted the crowd and sent 3,000 attackers to attack the enemy's grain route, taking away all the grain. The seven countries were defeated without a fight, and the ability of the allies to return to the fief was gone. The rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms ended in peace.