Stephen william hawking, born on 194218 October, graduated from Oxford University and Trinity College of Cambridge University successively, and obtained a doctorate in philosophy from Cambridge University. In the later stage of college study, I began to suffer from "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis of spinal cord" (motor neuron disease) and paraplegia. He overcame the difficulty of disability and entered gonville and Caius College of Cambridge University as a researcher on 1965. During this period, he founded the famous theory that the beginning of the universe is "a point of infinite density" on the study of the origin of the universe. Since 1969, he has been a researcher of outstanding scientific achievements in gonville and Caius College. 1972- 1975 has been engaged in research work in the Institute of Astronomy and the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Cambridge University, 1975- 1977 as a senior lecturer in gravitational physics, and 1977- 1979 as a professor. In the meantime, 1974 was elected as the youngest member of the Royal Society. 1974- 1975 is a meritorious scholar in fairchild lecture of California Institute of Technology. 1978 won the Einstein Prize, the highest prize in theoretical physics research in the world. Hawking's fame began with the research results of black holes. After the integration of Einstein, another great theory of the 20th century-quantum theory. He thinks that the universe is limited, but it can't find the margin, just as the earth's surface is limited but it can't find the margin. Time also has a beginning, from about 654.38+0.5 billion years to 20 billion years ago. 1988 won the Wolf Prize in Physics.

Hawking lost his language ability in 1985, and the only tool to express his thoughts was a computer speech synthesizer. He used a few movable fingers to manipulate a special mouse to select letters and words on the computer screen to make sentences, and then played the sound through the computer. Usually it takes 5 or 6 minutes to make a sentence, and it takes 10 day to synthesize an hour of recorded speech. A Brief History of Time was written in 1988. By the end of 1995 and 10, the book has been translated into dozens of languages and the Chinese version has been published.

1990 divorced his wife Jane Wilde after 25 years of marriage. 1September 199516th, married his nurse Elaine Mei Sen.

Professor Stephen Hawking is one of the great men with high reputation in the contemporary era, and is called the greatest scientist alive today, Einstein. He took an important step in unifying the two basic theories of physics in the 20th century-Einstein's theory of relativity and Planck's quantum theory. 1989 was awarded the honorary title of British Jazz. He is a student of the Royal Society and a foreign academician of the American Academy of Sciences.

Hawking 1942 1.8 was born in Oxford, England, which happened to be the 300th anniversary of Galileo's death. Probably because he was born during World War II, he was particularly fascinated by models when he was a child. When he was ten years old, he not only liked making model planes and ships, but also made many different kinds of war games with his classmates, reflecting his desire to study and manipulate things. This desire drove him to pursue a doctorate and made great achievements in the study of black holes and cosmology. Hawking made up his mind to study physics and astronomy when he was thirteen or fourteen. At the age of seventeen, he won a natural science scholarship and successfully entered Oxford University. After graduating from college, he transferred to Cambridge University to study cosmology. 1963, Hawking, 2 1 year old, was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 1965 received his doctorate in theoretical physics. In 1970s, together with Penrose, he proved the famous singularity theorem, for which they jointly won the Wolff Prize in Physics of 1988. He is therefore known as the most famous scientific thinker and the most outstanding theoretical physicist in the world after Einstein. "He also proved the area theorem of black holes. In March 1974, 1, he published a paper in Nature, expounding his new discovery that black holes have radiation (the radiation referred to is called Hawking radiation). His new discovery is regarded as the most important progress in the field of theoretical physics for many years. This paper is called "one of the most profound papers in the history of physics". In the same year, he became a member of the Royal Society. During the period of 1975- 1976, he won the Eddington Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society of London, the 11th Medal of the Vatican Papal Science Society, the Hopkins Award, the Danny O 'Heinemann Award of the United States, the Maxwell Award of the Royal Society and the Hughes Medal. 1978, he won the Albert Einstein Prize, the most prestigious prize in physics. 1979 was appointed as the most noble professor in the history of the famous Cambridge University, that is, Newton and Dirac were both Lucasen professors of mathematics. 1979 published Review of General Relativity: Commemorating Einstein's Centennial Birthday. 1988, Hawking's amazing work A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to the Black Hole was released. Based on the study of black holes, this paper explores the origin and destination of the universe and answers the questions that human beings have been exploring: Does time have a beginning and does space have a boundary? This is a landmark masterpiece in the history of human science. The book has been translated into more than 40 languages, with more than 6.5438+million copies published, and 25 million copies have been sold so far. Professor Hawking's popular speeches are also very famous internationally, with footprints all over the world. He tried to communicate his thoughts with the world through his books and popular speeches. 1993 published papers on black holes and baby universes. In early 2000, Hawking gave a speech at the White House as part of the Millennium Party. President Clinton cordially met with him and congratulated him. 200 1 10 Another masterpiece, The Universe in the Shell, was published. This book is a companion to A Brief History of Time. In this book, Hawking reveals the great breakthrough in theoretical physics since the publication of A Brief History of Time.

Hawking's charm lies not only in his legendary physical genius, but also in his convincing life force. His constant pursuit of scientific spirit and brave and tenacious personality strength deeply attracted everyone who knew him.

Research areas:

Theoretical physics: Hawking and Penrose proved the famous singularity theorem in 1970s, and he also proved the area theorem of black holes. Hawking's life is very legendary. In terms of scientific achievements, he is one of the most outstanding scientists in history. He has transcended the theory of relativity, quantum mechanics and the Big Bang and entered the "geometric dance" to create the universe. Although he was so helpless in a wheelchair, his thoughts traveled brilliantly in the vast space and time, and solved the mystery of the universe.

Professor Hawking is a modern popular science novelist. His masterpiece is A Brief History of Time written in 1988, which is an excellent astronomical popular science novel. The author's imagination is rich, his ideas are wonderful, his language is beautiful and his words are meticulous, which is even more surprising. The outside world, the future changes are so magical and wonderful. This book has a cumulative circulation of 25 million copies and has been translated into nearly 40 languages. 1992 The film of the same name cost 3.5 million pounds. Hawking firmly believes that the basic ideas about the universe and the origin of life can be expressed without mathematics, and the world should be able to understand his profound theory through the audio-visual media such as movies. This book is a popular reading about exploring the nature of time and the frontier of the universe. It is the most important classic work about the scientific thought of the universe, which has changed the concept of the universe. As the undisputed authority of cosmology, the sequel to A Brief History of Time has been attracting a large number of readers. The sequel to A Brief History of Time is for readers who want to know more about Professor Hawking's life and his theory. The book describes Professor Hawking's life course and research work in the form of frank and sincere personal interviews, and shows the real "people" behind the huge theoretical framework. This book is not an ordinary oral history, but an extremely touching and charming portrait and description of one of the greatest thoughts of mankind in the twentieth century. For non-professional readers, this book is undoubtedly an opportunity for them to enjoy the fruits of human civilization and a source of valuable inspiration. Hawking lectures-Black holes, baby universes and others are a collection of 13 articles and speeches written by Hawking during the period of 1976- 1992. This paper discusses the birth of baby universes caused by virtual time and black holes, and the efforts of scientists to seek a completely unified theory, and puts forward unique views on free will, the value of life and death.

The essence of time and space was expressed in a complete mathematical form 80 years ago, and the basic principles of quantum theory appeared 70 years ago. However, can these two most accurate and successful theories in the whole physics be unified in a single quantum gravity? Two of the most famous physicists in the world debated this question. This book is based on six speeches and final debates given by Hawking and Penrose at Cambridge University.

Works:

1, A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to the Black Hole -( 1988)

2. A Brief History of Time

3. Hawking Lecture-Black holes, baby universes and others.

4. The essence of time and space

5. Concise Universe (200 1 year1month)

Awards:

1 and 1989 were awarded the honorary title of British knighthood.

He is a student of the Royal Society and a foreign academician of the American Academy of Sciences.

3. Eddington Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society of London.

4. Vatican Papal Science Society 1 1 Medal

5. Hopkins Prize

6. American Danny O 'Heinemann Award

7. Maxwell Prize

8. Hughes Medal of the Royal Society.

In 1999 and 1978, he won the Albert Einstein Prize, the most prestigious prize in physics.

10. Together with Penrose, he won the Wolf Prize in Physics of 1988.

1 1, 1988 Hawking's book A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to the Black Hole won the Wolf Foundation Award.

brief introduction

1942 65438+/kloc-0 was born in Cambridge on October 8th.

The family moved to St. Albans on 1950.

1959 Entering Oxford University

1962 graduated from Oxford and went to Cambridge for postgraduate study.

1963 was diagnosed as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

1965, she received her doctorate from Cambridge University and married Jenny Wilder (Jane Wilde).

The eldest son Robert was born.

Daughter Lucy was born/started to use a wheelchair.

The first work of 1973