In the literary world in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, Gong Han may not be "famous", but he studied tirelessly all his life and was diligent in writing classics, history, philosophy and collections. His works on things, learning, reasoning and chanting things were often unique.
Gong Han, a native of Nanchang (now Nanchang County, Jiangxi Province) in Qing Dynasty, lived in Qianlong (later period), Jiaqing and Daoguang for three years. Throughout his life, following the example of helping the world, he taught in Luling (now Ji 'an County, Jiangxi Province) and Fuliang (now Fuliang County, Jiangxi Province) successively. Bao, a famous litterateur in Qing Dynasty, said in A Pair of Ships, Volume III, Answering Chen Boyou: "Nanchang Gonghan is a good man with a good word, and he is over 70 years old. There are many things you need to learn, and there is no end to learning, which are discussed in four parts. I am addicted to poetry, and my five words are elegant, close to Tao and Su, while Wen Yaqian is not self-sufficient, which is very different from your hometown. " There are many kinds of poems written by Gong Han, including Liu Rushi, Yuefu Poetry, Ou Keza and so on. Only a few of them are printed and handed down from generation to generation, and most of them are circulated among teachers and friends in the form of paper money. In terms of poetic ideas, Gong Han's basic teacher studied under the contemporary poet Shu Menglan (1759-1835), and his poetic theory has many wonderful insights. During the Jiaqing period, the famous scholar Wang Youding's Collection of Four Zhaotang was reprinted, and Shu Menglan's Ci was selected as Hundred Choices of Fragrant Ci, which was published in the 14th year of Jiaqing (1809). Gong Han's poems, except 60 Tao Ge, written in the third year of Daoguang (1823), are mostly handed down to this day. At present, there are only five-character metrical poems "Twelve Rhymes of the Imperial Monument" and seven-character metrical poems "Shout for Mr. Zhang Chuanshan" compiled by Xu Shichang. Tao Ge (also known as Jingdezhen Tao Ge) is a set of 100 poems written by Gong Han, which describes Jingdezhen's ceramic production, ceramic history, ceramic trade, production management and customs. Each poem consists of seven words and four sentences with annotations. The conception and writing time of this group of poems should be between the 18th year of Jiaqing (18 13) and the 21st year of Jiaqing (18 16). At that time, Gong Han was an adjutant in Fuliang County. At that time, Fuliang Town was less than 10 km away from Jingdezhen, the world-famous porcelain capital. During this period, he paid attention to the ceramic industry. He often went to Jingdezhen to observe the ceramic production process and chat with workers. Over time, he made many poor friends. Seeing that he was approachable, the workers told him about the hardships and essentials of porcelain burning: "I lived in the floating beam curtain for four years, and the floating beam went to Jingdezhen for 20 miles, and I had to pass through the town every time I went back and forth. At that time, I visited the kiln owner in the Imperial Kiln Factory and saw that the kiln was full for two or three days. Many aborigines are poor in order to point out the hardships of kiln porcelain. " Gong Han recorded these personal experiences as songs and poems, with 100. Later, because the author left the floating beam, the poem was once separated; After seven years, the poet retrieved the old manuscript from his friend, so he selected 60 poems from it and compiled them into a book, named Tao Ge, which was published in Fu Zi.
Tao Ge was first engraved in the fourth year of Daoguang (1824). Unfortunately, I haven't seen the original work so far. The library of the Palace Museum in Beijing has a copy of China Bookstore in the Republic of China, entitled Jingdezhen Tao Ge. In front of the book is the author's preface, which tells the story of the book, and at the back of the book is the postscript of his friend Yang Zhengang. The preface was written in the third year of Qing Daoguang (1823), and the postscript was written in the fourth year of Daoguang. It is a common theme in ancient poetry to record the social life at that time with poetry. Gong Han's Tao Ge gives a vivid description of Jingdezhen ceramic industry from quarrying, blank making, blank painting, glazing, boxing, kiln loading, kiln burning, kiln opening and sales in the form of seven quatrains. In addition, there are many traces and songs about famous kilns, pottery-making customs and customs at that time; In particular, the bamboo slips attached to each poem have more documentary significance and can be called the history of ceramics written in poetry.
Excerpted from Gong Han's Tao Ge: Tao Yang, a hero town in the south of the Yangtze River, is full of wonderful porcelain. Half-kiln households in the 20-mile long street, take him down and tell Duchang to follow the road. Second: No wonder Wu Denian called it fake jade porcelain, which is today's real jade. Ordinary work, referred to by thousands of people, is known by difficult material resources. Third: a hundred years of elegance and a peak of green, several times with the piano around the green pavilion. When I saw the words written on the wall, I also looked for Tao Jing in my mind.