Baidu Encyclopedia: National heroes refer to people with lofty ideals who gave their lives and made outstanding contributions to safeguarding the sovereignty integrity of national territory, territorial sea and airspace, safeguarding national security, safeguarding people's interests and national dignity in previous anti-aggression wars. Modern national heroes mainly refer to the national pillars and elites who made great sacrifices in the Opium War, the Sino-Japanese War, the Sino-French War, the fight against Eight-Nation Alliance, the Sino-Russian War and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.
Recently, it was reported that the syllabus of the Ministry of Education stipulated that Yue Fei would no longer be regarded as a national hero, which caused a strong debate. It is generally believed that taking away the laurels of Yue Fei, these national heroes, will cause educational fault and historical ecological crisis to a great extent. Critics then questioned the extent to which this move promoted national unity.
Although it was later reported that everything was a rumor. But this does not mean that the problem of Yue Fei, a national hero, has been solved. In fact, the problem of Yue Fei has always been one of the case-solving problems of historians. To some extent, this problem is related to the utilitarian historical view of changing the Holocaust Memorial Hall into a Peace Memorial Hall. Therefore, it is not unnecessary to pay attention to it.
Yue Fei's resume: (1103—1142) Ju Peng, a native of Anyang, Henan Province, was an outstanding strategist, strategist, national hero [1-3] in the Southern Song Dynasty and a famous gold fighter. Proficient in military strategy, riding and shooting, and good at poetry and calligraphy. His noble character and patriotic spirit have been told by people of all ages. With the sadness of starting the Northern Expedition with unfulfilled ambition, he wrote the poem "Man Jiang Hong", which has always inspired countless Chinese sons and daughters to be loyal to their country despite difficulties and hardships. The army he led was called "Yue Jiajun", and the famous sentence "It is easy to shake the mountain, but difficult to shake the Yue Jiajun" was circulated, expressing the highest praise for "Yue Jiajun".
Yue Fei is in charge of the army, with clear rewards and punishments, strict discipline, sympathy for his subordinates and setting an example. Yue Jiajun claimed that "freeze to death without demolishing the house, starve to death without fighting Lu". Even Jin Jun lamented: "It is easy to shake the mountain, but difficult to shake the Yue family army!" Yue Fei opposed Song Ting's passive defense strategy of "defending the enemy alone and not daring to attack from afar to win", and always advocated active attack in order to win the struggle against gold. He was the only commander in chief who organized a large-scale offensive campaign in the early Southern Song Dynasty.
During the Song and Jin Dynasties, Jin conquered Liao and Northern Song Dynasties, occupied the Central Plains, and frequently launched wars of invading South China. Wherever they went, prostitutes were burned and killed, and many important cities were looted by the Jin army and became empty cities. Bring great disaster and pain to the country and the nation. Therefore, it is the requirement of the times to fight against Shanxi Jinbing and recover the Central Plains, and it is also in line with the wishes of the broad masses of people. The History of Song Dynasty said that Yue Fei was "loyal, fierce and angry, and vindicated", which was quite appropriate. Zhao Gou, Qin Gui, Wan Sixie and other countries will always be sinners.
Yue Fei is not a national hero?
Yuan Tengfei, a middle school history teacher, said in Lecture Room that Yue Fei and Jin Wushu are "great heroes of the Chinese nation". Many people infer from this that Yuan Tengfei thinks Yue Fei is not a national hero. Whether Yuan meant this is debatable. However, the history syllabus of middle school really no longer recognizes Yue Fei as a national hero.
This actually brings out an old controversial topic. In the 1980s, some people questioned Yue Fei's title as a national hero. The main reason is that Yue Fei is not fighting against British imperialism or Japanese invaders, but against Jin, which belongs to the Chinese nation in today's China. Yue Fei's resistance to gold is just a civil war in China. ...
Autumn wind: Yue Fei's evaluation that ×× is not a national hero has logical defects.
[At that time, the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty were not one country]
This is like saying that Yuan Chonghuan's resistance to the Qing Dynasty was also a civil war in China, because Manchu and Han were brothers within a country-was Manchu and Han within a country at that time? Song, Liao and Jin were both countries at that time. Although the Qing Dynasty was not founded, it still had its own state power. Can I set it like this with today's things? Can you distort history like this? ..... [details] [being invaded, can't we not object? ]
What's more, Yue Fei, Yuan Chonghuan and others rose up to resist the predatory aggression of backward and barbaric aliens (at that time), and this kind of resistance has unquestionable justice at any time. Take the late Ming Dynasty as an example. At that time, at the end of the Jin Dynasty (Qing Dynasty), there were only 200,000 men, all of whom were fighting in the army, and their productive labor depended on the slaves of the captured Han and Korean people. The purpose of their war is to plunder property and seize population. Should such an invading enemy be welcomed with a sumptuous meal? According to this logic, won't anti-fascism undermine the unity of all mankind? ]
Assuming that the future world is really a world of great harmony, can our descendants say that today's frontier warriors are narrow nationalists? Suppose the invaders invaded our country yesterday, now or tomorrow, and many years later, they belong to the same country and nation as us. Can we surrender early, so that future generations will not describe our bloody resistance as "brothers fighting at home"?
In fact, Yue Fei was earlier than the "Chinese nation"
[ancestors' hard disk, can descendants format it?]
The key to this confusion and controversy is that people mistakenly applied the concept of modern nation, especially Chinese nation, to the ancients who didn't know this concept at all. The difficulty of evaluating Yue Fei stems from the fact that modern people jumped into their own conceptual trap with their eyes closed. People are too stubborn to balance the present and the ancients, and measure and demand the ancients with values that the ancients simply could not imagine. [The concept of the Chinese nation is less than one hundred years old]
Now people are familiar with the concept of "nation", which is a brand-new concept. Europeans in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries first produced this concept, and Germans in the nineteenth century carried it forward. As a result, the so-called "nation state" appeared and nationalism appeared. In the 20th century, China people accepted the concept of nationality from the West. After a complicated evolution, around War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, based on geographical and political concepts, they formed the concept, concept and consciousness of "Chinese nation". Please forgive the Song people, who didn't know they were from China.
Before the large-scale contact between Chinese and Western cultures, China people did not have this concept. Although people in that era were divided into "Yi Xia" and "group consciousness", they did not have national consciousness in the modern sense, and Yue Fei himself never had such national consciousness. Yue Fei never fought for the "nation" in the modern sense, let alone the "Chinese nation" that emerged in the 20th century ... [Details]
Heroes are common sense, not proved by evidence.
[Recognizing Yue Fei as an ancient national hero will not affect today's national unity]
The new evaluation of the national hero's "keeping pace with the times" advocates "historicism" on the surface, but hides pragmatism in his bones. Six or seven years ago, a middle school student's "outline" deprived Yue Fei and Wen Tianxiang of their titles of "national heroes". We dare to speculate that the intention of professionals in this move is not to rush to overturn the case, but to worry about hurting the feelings of ethnic minorities and ethnic groups, thus hurting the harmony of the Chinese nation. However, we think this pragmatism is short-sighted. [No matter whether a hero succeeds or fails, it is not a comment behind his back]
There will always be hot-blooded men who don't want to be foreign slaves to stand up and make a final struggle for the survival of our nation. Although due to the current situation, this struggle may be futile, and it will inevitably be ridiculed by wise descendants as resisting the historical trend, their personal dignity and heroism have sent a shocking light in the tragic last fight, and they are still shining in the long history after thousands of years, inspiring every successor whose blood is not cold enough. [Only when you have the courage to do the right thing can you be worthy of the name of a hero]
The concept of human society cannot be unbreakable in the long history, but the mainstream values of a nation should be relatively stable. Virtue is embodied in a specific historical time and space, but it is eternal and universal. We say we are brave and fearless. Although thousands of people will die, we would rather stand than live on our knees, and we will fight against the killing of foreigners to the end. Not to mention that contemporary China people, even westerners, even his enemies at that time, can understand, accept and praise this virtue and are moved by their heroic behavior. Because of this virtue, he deserves the reputation of a hero ... [and]
Conclusion:
According to logic, Yue Fei is a national hero, Yuan Chonghuan is a national hero, Zheng Chenggong is a national hero and Wen Tianxiang is a national hero. Shi Lang is not, Wang Jingwei is not, Wu Sangui is not, and Hong Chengchou is not. I wonder if everyone thinks so?
Relevant information and pictures are all from the Internet: through Baidu search.
The sources of relevant reference materials are as follows:
Baidu encyclopedia: /view/ 134768.htm
/view/2545.htm
Tencent: /zt/2009/mzyx/index.htm