Equally arduous, a small number of Red Army and guerrillas failed to follow the main force and stayed in the south to carry out guerrilla warfare. "Half the rivers and mountains sink into the sea of blood, and how many friends turn into ants", a poem written by Marshal Chen Yi during the guerrilla period in southern Jiangxi is a portrayal of that day's bloodshed.
1935 65438+ 10, Fang Zhimin, who led the Red Ten Army to the north to resist Japan, was besieged by the enemy in southern Anhui, and he was completely wiped out. Faced with threats and inducements from the enemy, Fang Zhimin wrote immortal masterpieces in prison-The Poor Man and The Lovely China. This is a * * * person's last inner monologue, about faith, about ethics, about deep love for the country and the nation.
North Japan
The walls of this cell have been pasted with white paper. Although it has been out of date for a long time, the pasting has turned dark yellow, with several leaking places and large black spots. However, with the sunshine or bright lights, the room still looks white and dazzling. Two glass windows open to the sky, and the light and air are not bad. Aiming at the window, there is a rectangular desk with black paint on the stone wall of the room. There are some thick books and ink cartridges on the table ... Suddenly, I ran into the room. If I hadn't seen the ugly white wooden box and the auspicious pine sitting at the table with chains nailed to it, I would have thought this was not a prison, but a library.
The Nanchang appeasement office where this cell is located is the base camp of the Kuomintang encirclement and suppression of the Red Army; In the prison cell, the "prisoner" who is immersed in writing every day is actually Fang Zhimin, secretary of the CPC Fujian-Zhejiang-Jiangxi Provincial Committee and chairman of the Red Ten Army Military and Political Committee.
Pen in hand, writing while thinking, to guard against the enemy entering the house. It is difficult to write in prison, but Fang Zhimin insisted on leaving "the experience of more than ten years of struggle, especially the bloody lesson of this failure" for the party under the eyes of the enemy.
1935 1 month, Fang Zhimin was defeated and captured when he led the Red Ten Army northward to resist Japan. This failure not only wiped out this team of more than 8,000 people, but also endangered the Fujian-Zhejiang-Jiangxi Soviet area where he had worked hard for many years.
"Idiot! Wood! Why were you so smart before, but you are so confused this time! " Every time I think of this failure, Fang Zhimin will scold myself like this. "If you don't do that, will you fail?" Sometimes, he even clenched his fist and beat himself, while cursing angrily: "Kill you useless dead man!" " "
1July, 934, the fifth anti-encirclement campaign in the Central Soviet Area was in crisis. On the one hand, Chiang Kai-shek personally made an encirclement and suppression plan and mobilized 500,000 troops to pounce on the Central Soviet Area; On the other hand, Li De, a "foreign strategist" from the Comintern, has always insisted on his wrong idea of "establishing a regular army to fight positional warfare".
The fewer teams, the smaller the base area. At this time, even Li De, who kept shouting "Keep the enemy out of the country", had to consider the strategic shift of the Central Red Army.
The arduous 25,000-mile long March is just around the corner. In order to distract the enemy's attention and contain the enemy's strength, the Central Military Commission sent two teams before the Long March-the Red Seventh Army Corps formed an anti-Japanese advance team to the north, and the Red Sixth Army Corps formed an anti-Japanese advance team to the west. According to the central government's intention, these two teams are one to adjust the enemy and the other to explore the road.
The northern anti-Japanese advance team has embarked on a journey, but it is obviously not a capable team. General Su Yu, then Chief of Staff of Royal Corps. In the late 1970s, he wrote in an article:
In order to carry out new tasks, more than 2,000 new fighters were added by surprise, totaling more than 6,000. Among them, there are more than 4,000 combatants ... about 2,000 non-combatants, including the army working group sent by the central government. Weapons are also scarce. The regiment only has 12300 long and short guns, some light and heavy machine guns and six mortars, and many soldiers are carrying spears. However, there are many other materials, including more than 300 tons of propaganda materials sent by the central government to the troops, plus the logistics materials and cooking burden of the troops, totaling more than 500 tons.
The task entrusted to this team by the Central Committee is arduous: establishing guerrilla zones behind enemy lines, launching anti-Japanese movements, calling on the people to arm themselves against Japan and establishing new Soviet areas.
Due to too few troops, this team did not play a role in containing the enemy. 1934165438+10. On the way to the Long March, the Zhongge Military Commission sent a telegram to Fang Zhimin, chairman of the Fujian-Zhejiang-Jiangxi Soviet Area, ordering him to lead a team to co-edit with the passing Red Seven Army Corps to form a new Red Ten Army Corps and continue northward.
At that time, Fang Zhimin was still suffering from hemorrhoids, and he was bleeding with pus every day. Not only can he not ride a horse, walk or even sit in a chair, but he can only lie half-lying. Some people advocated that he stay in the Soviet area, but he insisted on leading the team to the north himself.
Fang Zhimin didn't know the danger of this mission, but he wrote in his manuscript: "I will die if the party wants me to do anything." After the expedition, he wrote to his wife Miao Min: "The task this time is very important, and the victory in the future is also great. You will get the news of our victory on the wireless phone in the future. "
Unexpectedly, this trip became a permanent tactic.
Fall into heavy siege
The anti-Japanese advance team of more than 8,000 people marched all the way to Nanjing. Chiang Kai-shek was frightened and immediately mobilized 654.38+ 10,000 troops to intercept. As a result, the northern anti-Japanese advance team was defeated in the first battle of Tanjiaqiao in southern Anhui.
Looking back at this battle now, the disparity in strength and the backwardness of weapons are inevitable objective reasons, but it is also an unavoidable fact that Liu Chouxi, head of the Red Ten Army Corps, misdirected.
Liu Chouxi is a famous one-armed general in the Red Army. 1922 joined the party, joined the whampoa military academy, worked as a guard for Sun Yat-sen, lost his left arm in the first Crusade, participated in the Nanchang Uprising, and studied at the Fu Longzhi Military Academy in Moscow.
In this battle, his opponent was Wang, the brigade commander of the first brigade of the Kuomintang army born in Huangpu Phase III. Facing the first-year students in Huangpu, Wang is an out-and-out "little teacher younger brother".
However, during the Tanjiaqiao World War I, the ambush array originally designed by Liu Chouxi fell empty.
1934 12 14, ordered the 20th and 21st divisions to ambush in the Tanjiaqiao area where Wang was marching. Tanjiaqiao has dense forests and dangerous terrain on both sides, which is very conducive to ambush the enemy. However, the 20th Division and the 2nd1Normal University are mostly recruits, and they lack combat experience. Before the enemy regiment headquarters entered the encirclement, they fired first. As a result, the ambush failed, but the enemy took the lead. During the battle, the division commander of the 19th Division found that Huaizhou was seriously injured and sacrificed.
In 1959, recalling this terrible battle, Wang wrote: "The enemy attacked us prematurely today. If our last troops pass the five-meter barrier and they send troops to occupy it, they can occupy it without firing a shot. After forming a siege against us, it is likely to fail to attack us again. "
If you get off to a bad start, the general will give up first. Fang Zhimin thought it was impossible to go north. He decided to take his troops back to the base areas of Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi. Because the information is almost zero, Fang Zhimin doesn't know. At this time, the enemy has set up several blockade lines on the way back.
By the edge of the Fujian-Zhejiang-Jiangxi Soviet area, the team has been divided into two. Fang Zhimin and Su Yu led 800 people to rush ahead, broke through the enemy blockade overnight and returned to the Soviet area. And Liu Chouxi and Wang Ruchi led a large force, inherited the 19th division, backward. When Fang Zhimin saw a military emergency, he sent someone to inform Liu Chouxi to keep up. At the same time, Su Yu was ordered to take the vanguard troops out of the tight encirclement. He ignored everyone's dissuasion, leaving only a dozen guards, waiting to meet the big troops.
At this point, Liu Chouxi once again showed his indecision. Although he was ordered by Fang Zhimin to break through quickly, he felt that the soldiers were too tired and rested for one night only five miles away from the vanguard. It was this night's hesitation that delayed the opportunity. The enemy blocked the passage back to the Soviet area and formed an iron bucket array.
In the coldest season of the year, the enemy besieged seven times, and the tragic "Huaiyushan bloody battle" began. After more than a month of persistence, the Red Ten Army ran out of ammunition and food, and there was no way out. Fang Zhimin recalled in his manuscript that one night, when he was standing on the top of Huai Yu with two bonfires burning, he only shouted more than 80 people.
Wang was ordered to search the mountain and witnessed the tragic picture of the Red Army soldiers fighting to the last moment:
It was freezing cold, and the Red Army personnel scattered and lurking in the mountain jungle did not eat or drink for several days, and they were too hungry to move on the ground. Some want to shoot at the national army with guns, but because their hands are frozen, they can't pull the trigger and can't get out. Some struggled to throw grenades at the national army, but because their limbs were frozen hard, they were unable to throw them and completely lost their combat effectiveness. The Red Army officers sent by the regiments of the First Brigade were sallow and emaciated, their hands and feet were frozen and cracked, and their mouths were blistered because they could not drink water.
When Wang was ordered to search in the north of Huaiyu Mountain, a significant meeting was held in Zunyi, which ended Wang Ming's left-leaning dogmatism and established Mao Zedong's leading position in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Red Army. These achievements saved the Party, the Red Army and the China Revolution.
However, Fang Zhimin will never see it again. He and Liu Chouxi have fallen into the hands of the 727 Regiment of the 43rd Independent Division of the Kuomintang.
He was penniless when he was arrested.
In fact, the Kuomintang troops searched in the mountains for more than half a month without finding Fang Zhimin. It was Fang Zhimin's personal bodyguard Wei who shamelessly betrayed Fang Zhimin after he was arrested.
From 65438 to 0999, Cheng Xiaobo, a fan of Jiangxi literature and history who grew up in Huaiyushan, came up with the idea of taking the anti-Japanese advance team to the north again. After more than four years of searching, he accidentally found Wei's nephew and daughter.
How was Fang Zhimin betrayed by traitors? Through their narrative, many details surfaced one by one.
Cheng Xiaobo told reporters: "The name' Wei' is misinformed. His daughter told me that his name is actually' Wei Canfa'. "
Wei Canfa's nephew Chen Huoliang told Cheng Xiaobo that Fang Zhimin had been separated from Liu Chouxi and others two days before his arrest. He and Wei Canfa took refuge in a stone coal cave in Gaozhu Mountain, Longshou. Coincidentally, Wei Canfa's sister lives in the nearby Longshou Village. Wei Canfa intended to sneak into his sister's house to find something to eat, but he was caught by the enemy as soon as he came out. The enemy promised him a hundred dollars and a woman. Wei Canfa immediately defected and told the enemy that "Fang Zhimin is still on the mountain".
Carpet search is about to begin. 1935 65438+1On October 29th, the wind in Huaiyushan was biting. Fang Zhimin hid in the firewood for nearly six hours and was found by two Kuomintang soldiers.
Two soldiers caught such a big man, and they were not in a hurry to go back and take credit. With years of experience in the national army, they decided that Fang Zhimin must have a lot of gold and silver hidden in him. However, from the collar of cotton-padded jacket to the bottom of socks, they only found a watch and a fountain pen. A soldier was unwilling, picked up a Grenade and made a gesture of pulling out the lead and throwing it out. He threatened, "take out the money quickly, or it will be a bomb."
"It is wrong to want to get rich from me." In the famous article Poverty written by Fang Zhimin in prison, he described the scene in a playful and sarcastic tone: "Do you still want to ask if I have any property at home? Yes, yes. Several sets of old sweatshirts and trousers I wore last summer, as well as several pairs of socks sewn under them, are all put in the deep mountain dock and ready to be taken out this summer. Those are my only possessions. "
For these two "suspicious" soldiers, Fang Zhimin said categorically: "Our revolution is not to make a fortune!"
Two Kuomintang soldiers couldn't understand Fang Zhimin's words. They looked at him several times from top to bottom and had to detain him with suspicion.
On the night of his arrest, the enemy interrogated Fang Zhimin. They repeatedly forced Fang Zhimin to write something to let them go back and enjoy the reward. Fang Zhimin also not much said, pen on the spot, wrote a self-report of more than two hundred words, every word sonorous as stone:
Fang Zhimin, 36, an intellectual from Yiyang, joined China in 1925. Take part in the first great revolution. 1926 to 1927 served as secretary-general of Jiangxi Agricultural Association. After the failure of the Great Revolution, he sneaked back to Yiyang to carry out the agrarian revolutionary movement and founded the Soviet area and the Red Army. After eight years of hard struggle, the revolutionary will has become more and more firm. This time, I went to southern Anhui with the Red Tenth Army and was captured when I returned to the Soviet area. My overall view of politics is advocated by * *. I have decided that the Soviet Union can save China and the revolution will win the final victory. I am willing to sacrifice everything to contribute to the Soviet Union and the revolution. All the revolutionary work I have done in these decades is open. Almost everyone knows it, so I don't need to elaborate. As above.