Introduction to the life of the world famous scientist Hawking, Steven? William? Stephen william hawking (194265438+1October 8th) was born in Oxford, England. Graduated from Oxford University and Cambridge University successively, and obtained a doctorate in philosophy from Cambridge University. He has been in a wheelchair for 46 years because at the age of 265,438+0, he unfortunately suffered from Luger's disease, which would make his muscles atrophy. Speech and question-and-answer can only be done by a speech synthesizer. Professor of the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Cambridge University, England, the most important contemporary general relativity and cosmologist, is one of the great men who enjoy international reputation in this century, and is known as the greatest scientist in the world and the "king of the universe". Hawking, 1942 10 was born in Oxford, England, on the 300th anniversary of Galileo's death. In 1970s, together with Penrose, he proved the famous singularity theorem, for which they jointly won the Wolff Prize in Physics of 1988. He is therefore known as the most famous scientific thinker and the most outstanding theoretical physicist in the world after Einstein. He also proved the area theorem of black holes, that is, the area of black holes does not decrease with the increase of time. This naturally makes people associate the area of a black hole with the entropy of thermodynamics. 1973, he considered the quantum effect near the black hole, and found that the black hole would emit radiation like a blackbody, and the temperature of the radiation was inversely proportional to the mass of the black hole, so that the black hole would gradually become smaller because of the radiation, but the temperature was getting higher and higher, and finally it ended in a last-minute explosion. The discovery of black hole radiation is of great significance, which unifies gravity, quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics. 1974, his research turned to the theory of quantum gravity. Although people haven't got a successful theory, they have found some characteristics of it. For example, space-time is not flat on the Planck scale (10-33 cm), but in a bubble state. There is no pure state in quantum gravity, the law of causality is broken, and the unknowability rises from classical statistical physics and quantum statistical physics to the third level of quantum gravity. After 1980, his interest turned to quantum cosmology. In July 2004, Hawking corrected his original "black hole paradox" view that information should be conserved. His subtitle is From Big Bang to Black Hole. Hawking believes that the contribution of his life lies in that, within the framework of classical physics, the inevitability of black holes and big bang singularities has been proved, and black holes are getting bigger and bigger; However, under the framework of quantum physics, he pointed out that black holes became smaller and smaller due to radiation, and the singularity of the Big Bang was not only smoothed out by quantum effects, but the whole universe also started from here. The details of theoretical physics will change in the next 20 years, but as far as concept is concerned, it is quite complete now. Hawking's life is very legendary. As far as scientific achievements are concerned, he is one of the most outstanding scientists in history. His contribution was made when he was confined to a wheelchair by Luger's disease for 20 years, which was really unprecedented. Because his contribution has a far-reaching impact on the concept of human beings, there are many descriptions in the media about how he struggled with total paralysis. Therefore, God is fair to everyone. He has a physical defect, but his mind is smart! Nevertheless, the scene when one of the translators (Xu Mingxian) first met him at 1979 is still vivid. It was my first time to attend the seminar on general relativity of Hawking Group in Cambridge. After the door was opened, a very weak electric sound suddenly sounded behind my head. Looking back, I saw a scrawny man reclining in an electric wheelchair and turning on the electric switch himself. The translator tries to be polite and not too surprised, but he is used to being surprised at the degree of disability of people who meet for the first time. He needs a lot of effort to raise his head. Before he lost his voice, he could only speak in a very weak deformed language, and he could only understand it after working and living with him for several months. He can't write, and reading must rely on a page-turning machine. When reading literary works, he must spread out every page on a big desk, and then he drives a wheelchair to read page by page like a silkworm eating mulberry leaves. People have to pay deep respect to the human soul who pursues the ultimate truth with such a strong will. From his help to the translator's private affairs, we can realize that he is a person. Every day, he drives a wheelchair from his home at No.5 Cambridge West Road, crosses the beautiful Jianhe River and the ancient King's College, and arrives at the office of the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics in Silver Street. A slope was specially built in the department to facilitate him to take a wheelchair. One of the translators of this book was taught by Mr. Huo Jinda for four years and completed his doctoral thesis under his guidance. This book was translated into Chinese at Hawking's request, so that one fifth of the human population could understand his theory. He also proved the area theorem of black holes. Hawking's life is very legendary, and he is one of the most outstanding scientists in history in scientific achievements. In Cambridge University, which is rich in academic tradition, his position is the highest professorship in the history of Cambridge University, that is, Lucasson Professor of Mathematics who was once held by Newton and Dirac. He holds several honorary degrees and is a member of the Royal Society. He was confined to a wheelchair for 40 years because of "gradual freezing" (Lou Gehrig's amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), but he was physically and mentally disabled and turned it into an advantage, overcoming his disability and becoming a supernova in the international physics community. He can't write or even read clearly, but he transcends relativity, quantum mechanics and the Big Bang theory and enters the "geometric dance" to create the universe. Although he was so helpless in a wheelchair, his thoughts traveled brilliantly in the vast space and time, and solved the mystery of the universe. Hawking's charm lies not only in his legendary physical genius, but also in his convincing life force. His constant pursuit of scientific spirit and brave and tenacious personality strength deeply attracted everyone who knew him. He is known as "the greatest living scientist", "another Einstein", "an out-and-out man in life" and "a man who dares to challenge his destiny". /kloc-in March of 0/8, Hawking died at the age of 76. After Hawking's death, it has aroused condolences from all walks of life around the world. Hawking scientist