? Yunnan Tian, a painter in the early Qing Dynasty, was an artist with high artistic taste. He said: "Lonely and helpless, it is best to think." He used the word "loneliness" to comment on his most cherished paintings by Ni Yunlin. In his view, Yunlin's paintings are "really lonely and a little vulgar", with no color, no noise and a quiet atmosphere. In the silence, there is a "swallow dance and flying flowers", which is truly romantic and has a "complex string", which is incomparable to music in the secular world.

? Loneliness is far from the troubles of artists in China, but the lofty realm of China's art. Wei has a quatrain about this realm: "Everything listens to itself, and space is always lonely. Still starting from stillness, but disappearing into stillness. " This state is lonely, and there is a silence of the universe in loneliness; It is deep and deep, with a sense of history in it; It is also related to the artist's perception of life, which is full of life.

Loneliness is also one of the important characteristics of Zuo Gushan's painting style. This has already appeared in his early landscape paintings. The Traveler's Map, which marks the maturity of his paintings, has the characteristics of loneliness.

? At first glance, Gu Shan's paintings always seem to be bleak autumn scenery. His "map of going home" shows a walker going home in "autumn and summer", and his family is waiting in the building. It was a hot early autumn, but Gu Shan regarded it as cold. There is Wu Shidao's poem "The barren cliff reflects the tall trees, and the flying trees lack autumn dew" in the painting, but there is no mature and brilliant autumn in the painting, only a few pine trees have almost all fallen leaves, and the water is thin in the distance. Gu Shan, holding an ice axe, drives away heat flow, removes impatience, calms internal heat, and cuts off all stretching desires and vertical and horizontal thoughts. As Xu Wei said, Ni Yunlin is more vivid: "A wisp of light smoke, Yunlin pen has frost." Gu Shan's words seem to be "as cold as ice", and the warm reality and lush world will be submerged in his cold and lonely atmosphere here.

Loneliness is not an occasional atmosphere in Gu Shan's paintings, nor is it an external atmosphere as a seasonal or landscape feature, nor is it even a representation of Gu Shan's lonely mood. This is his "thought vocabulary" and a realm vocabulary to show Gu Shan's unique life wisdom. Loneliness has become a typical representation of Gu Shan's paintings. Wen Zhiming's poem, for example, said, "Events cast their shadows before them, and the greenery faded, and the trees were separated by the sunset. When the sun sets, people are silent, and the rogue pavilion leads Qiu Guang. "

The same is true of "the rain is over the balance, and the green is piled up". It is a typical Gu Shan composition. There is a hard stone at the beginning of the picture, next to several dead trees and pine trees, with a bay stream in the middle and a faint mountain shadow on the other side. There is an old man between heaven and earth, lonely and desolate. Such a vast pen and ink simply squeezes out people's realistic thinking, puts people between the wild and the far, and experiences transcendence. Everything is still. Under his stagnant pen and ink, the water doesn't seem to flow, the clouds don't seem to move and the wind doesn't work. There are no pedestrians on the road and no fishing boats in the water, but a person is still facing the silent mountains, and the stagnant autumn water is surrounded by ancient trees.

Gu Shan's painting is a lonely landscape painting, but under its boundless pen and ink, it shows indomitable vitality.