Bo Gu (transliteration of Russian "God"), formerly known as Qin Bangxian, 1907 was born in a scholarly family in Zhongli Yingli, Wuxi County, Jiangsu Province on June 24th.
1924 to 1926, editing Wuxi comments in my hometown of Wuxi, Jiangsu.
1925 10 joined China. Bo Gu started writing and editing before and after joining the Party. Bo Gu Kailai, Wang Ming, Zhang Wentian and others were students studying in the Soviet Union, and together with other students in the same period, they were called "285 Bolsheviks".
1926 was sent to study at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, Soviet Union, and stayed there after graduation.
From 65438 to 0930, he returned to China and served as the propaganda officer of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions and the organization director of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League.
In April, 193 1 was appointed secretary of the socialist youth league. Later, he served as a member of the Provisional C.O. of the Communist Party of China (CPC), secretary and head of the Provisional the Political Bureau of the Central Committee.
1934 1 At the Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, he was elected as a member of the Central Committee and the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau (PSC) as the head of The CPC Central Committee.
1931September-19351kloc-0/October served as the main person in charge of the provisional central Committee of the communist party of China and actively promoted Wang Ming's "left" adventurism line.
1933 arrived in the central revolutionary base area, and he and Li De pursued adventurism in attack and conservatism in defense, resulting in the failure of the fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression".
1934 10 participated in the Long March.
1935 Zunyi meeting was dismissed from the highest leadership position of the CPC. Later, he served as member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau (PSC) and director of the Political Department of the Red Army Field Army.
1936 as the representative of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Qin Bangxian helped Zhou Enlai to peacefully resolve the Xi incident and made contributions to the anti-Japanese national united front.
From 65438 to 0937, he served as Minister of Organization Department of CPC Central Committee. In the same year, Qin Bangxian was appointed as the representative of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to negotiate with the Kuomintang in Nanking, that is, he proposed to run a newspaper in the Kuomintang-ruled area, and Chiang Kai-shek was forced to agree. Qin Bangxian quickly arranged for him to rescue Pan Zinian, Zhang Hanfu and others who were released from prison.
From 65438 to 0938, he served as the organization minister of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Changjiang Bureau and the organization minister of Nanfang Bureau.
193965438+1October 7th, Bo Gu wrote "The Second Anniversary of Xinhua", expounding the purpose of Xinhua Daily: "This magazine is willing to be the clarion call for progress in the great struggle to encourage national survival and independence. In order to accomplish this sacred mission, this magazine is willing to describe the sufferings of all compatriots ravaged by brutal bandits and thieves. This magazine is willing to advocate the people in the rear to support and participate in the war of resistance. "
/kloc-at the end of 0/940, he returned to Yan' an and continued to serve as the president of Xinhua News Agency.
194 1 year later, Bo Gukai founded and presided over Jiefang Daily and Xinhua News Agency in Yan 'an, and served as the president of Xinhua News Agency, doing a lot of work for the party's journalism and the construction of news organizations in the liberated areas. During Yan 'an Rectification, Bo Gu became the object of criticism. His theoretical post and propaganda post were forced to be handed over, and he also withdrew from the Political Bureau of the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China.
Among the 44 members of the Central Committee elected by the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Wang Ming ranks in the last two.
1942, 17 In March, Bo Gu held a general meeting of cadres of the whole society, checked the newspapers for ten months, listed the facts, and explained that "the responsibility of the party newspaper organs that have not finished the war lies entirely with me". Editor-in-chief Song Yang was hospitalized for lung disease, and Wang Shiwei's Wild Lily was published in the literature and art column. Bo Gu was too busy to read, and he took full responsibility for the mistakes and problems in the newspaper.
Bo Gu worked hard, was brave in self-criticism, summed up the experience and lessons, and did not give any explanation. Finally, he grasped the propaganda of the party newspaper "I am the Lord" and proposed to change the layout to a special issue of one edition, two domestic editions, three international editions and four supplements.
In addition, a reference message is established for internal reference only (4th edition, 1942 12 1, which is the earliest reference message).
On March 30th, 1942, Mao Zedong and Bo Gu held a forum on revision. Bo Gu Kailai first made a self-criticism, and Mao Zedong finally instructed: "The use of Liberation Daily should be one of the regular businesses of various organs. Spreading the experience of one department through newspapers can promote the transformation of other departments. Today, we should make good use of newspapers to rectify the three styles. "
19421June 10, Bo Gu got news from Xinhua News Agency that the Soviet Red Army surrounding Stalingrad had broken through the siege of1500,000 invading German fascists and immediately sent it to Mao Zedong for reference. On June 1 1, Mao Zedong wrote a commentary entitled "The Turning Point of World War II" and sent it to Bo Gu: "Do you think it can be an editorial?"
This is the editorial of Jiefang Daily in June 5438 +654381October+February, and it is also the earliest comment in the world that points out the turning point of World War II. In the western press, three months later, the Soviet Red Army annihilated 300,000 members of the Boris Corps, an elite German fascist force, outside Stalingrad, which was regarded as a turning point in the world war.
1942 In September, after the Central Committee decided that Jiefang Daily should also be the organ newspaper of Northwest Bureau, Bo Gu wrote an editorial "Party and Party Newspaper", and for the first time proposed that Party Newspaper was the "mouthpiece of the Party".
/kloc-in the summer of 0/943, the Kuomintang launched the third anti-communist climax and mobilized 200,000 troops to attack Yan 'an. While preparing for a military counterattack, the central government decided to carry out propaganda counterattack first. On July 8, the front page published a telegram from Commander-in-Chief Zhu De to Chiang Kai-shek and Hu Zongnan, exposing the mobilization of Kuomintang troops, calling for unity and opposing the civil war.
For more than ten days, the newspaper reported that more than 30,000 soldiers and civilians gathered in Yan 'an to oppose the civil war, and reported the activities of various base areas to oppose the civil war and prepare for counterattacks. Mao Zedong has written comments and editorials of the Central Declaration and News of Chongqing's Detention on July 7th, questioning the political darkness of the Kuomintang and China, the ineffectiveness of the Anti-Japanese War and their great dissatisfaction with the Anglo-American alliance.
Bo Gu Kailai wrote the monograph "Fighting to Defend China under the Banner of Mao Zedong" and the headline news of more than 30,000 military and civilian gatherings in Yan 'an. The newspaper's rapid, violent and intensive propaganda bombs made the Kuomintang at a loss, hastily declared "misunderstanding" and "don't misunderstand" and ordered the attacking troops to retreat. It is rare for newspapers to play such a big role in the history of news.
In the party's * * *, Bo Gu Kailai was the first person to raise the "Mao Zedong Banner".
On February 1944 and 16, Bo Gu wrote an editorial "The 1000th issue of this newspaper", saying: "In a word, our important experience is that the whole party runs a newspaper." He also said: "running a newspaper is a major event for the whole party, the people and one of the skills of governing the country." Since then, Liberation Daily has been regarded as a complete party newspaper.
194410/month1kloc-0/Bo Gu wrote an editorial on the issues that party newspaper reporters should pay attention to, and put forward that "party newspaper reporters are the eyes and ears of the party", so "we should analyze problems from the party's standpoint" and "reflect the reality and"
1In June, 945, he was elected as a member of the seventh Central Committee. On February 23rd, 65438, Bo Gu wrote an editorial "Starting from Five W's", which is a classic that explains the five elements of news writing and tells the basic knowledge of news writing.
1February, 946, as a representative of the Chinese Communist Party, went to Chongqing to participate in the work of the CPPCC Constitution Review Group. On April 8 of the same year, on the way back to Yan 'an from Chongqing, he was killed in Heichashan, Xing County, Shanxi Province due to a plane crash. Wang Ruofei, Ye Ting, and Deng Fa are also among those who share the same opportunities.
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In China's mainstream historiography, he is regarded as the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's failure in the fourth and fifth counter-campaigns against "encirclement and suppression", especially his complete obedience to the instructions of the Communist International, which has caused great losses to communist party and the Red Army and bears the leadership responsibility.
During the Yan 'an rectification movement, Bo Gu Kailai also apologized and said, "I have caused such a great loss to the party. No matter how hard I try, no amount of work can make up for this loss." "I am the main person in charge of all kinds of adverse consequences. There is no' one person' here, only the main person in charge. " [37] His review was very profound and won the understanding and praise of the participants.
After Zunyi meeting, the mainstream in the party affirmed his contribution, including the Kuomintang-Communist peace talks and news organizations. Colleagues in the newspaper industry of the Communist Party of China, including Liberation Daily, have always respected Bo Gu Kailai, and have not been disgusted by his political mistakes.
Qin Gang, the son of Bo Gu Kailai, said that "history endowed him with a role of making mistakes", and thought that he had just returned from the Soviet Union at the age of 24 and took the leadership position in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in the most sinister situation of the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, so it was inevitable to make mistakes.
Judging from personal character and works, the evaluation of Bo Gu is basically positive. 1936 Si Nuo, a reporter who arrived in northern Shaanxi, once commented in books such as Red Star over China that "Bo Gu Kai Lai is a more graceful and interesting person among the people I have ever seen in the Chinese Communist Party" and "he is also the youngest member of the Politburo.
He is slightly taller than the average person, skinny, with a phosphorus ring, and really as thin as a steel wire. "He has short hair, and his head looks like a hard brush." He is as smart as Zhou Enlai, even smarter than Zhou Enlai. " He likes playing tennis and poker.
After the death of Bo Gu Kailai, Zhu De invited Bo Gu Kailai's children to Zhongnanhai for dinner on the anniversary of his death. Some cadres in the party also privately praised him as "a good man, very knowledgeable" and "very upright, never engaging in any intrigue, aboveboard, able to go up and down and obey the needs of the party".
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1946 On April 15, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a cadre meeting in the auditorium of Yan 'an Party School to mourn the victims. The meeting elected Zhu De, Ren, Kang Sheng, Peng, Lin, He Long, Zhong Xun, and Cai Chang as members of the presidium, and Lin Qubo presided over the mourning activities.
The widow Zhang of Bo Gu Kailai, the wife of Deng Fa, Huang Qisheng's granddaughter Huang and other survivors of martyrs attended the mourning activities.
19, all walks of life in Yan' an will hold a memorial service for public sacrifices and a ceremony for laying the remains. The Martyrs Cemetery will be built on the north side of Wang Jiaping, a suburb of Yan 'an, next to the airport at the foot of Liang Qingshan. On April 8th, Yan 'an Liberation Daily published a special edition to mourn the martyrs.
After the air crash, newspapers in Chongqing published telegrams from Xinhua News Agency to report the air crash of Wang Ruofei and others. Chongqing Xinhua Daily published the obituary jointly signed by China delegation, Dong, Wu, Lu and Deng, and officially reported the news of Wang Ruofei's death to all sectors of society.
For a time, the Chinese Communist Party delegation in Chongqing took turns to entertain the bewildered mourners. At 9: 00 am on April 19, the memorial service for Wang Ruofei, Bo Gu, Ye Ting and Deng Fa from all walks of life in Chongqing was held in Chongqing Youth Hall. The meeting was presided over by Li Gongpu and Zhang Lan.
"Bo Gu, Qin Gong, Nanqiang, upright, silent and secretive, pleading for the people, unstoppable, full of words." ——? Guo Moruo delivered a eulogy at the memorial service of Chongqing Zhonghua Road Youth Center on April 19.
1957, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China allocated more than RMB1000000 from party dues to move Yan 'an Dongguan Airport Cemetery to Wang Jiaping. 1970, Wang Jiaping moved to Li Jiacun for the construction of Yan 'an Revolutionary Memorial Hall. The cemetery is in the north of the mountain, facing the Yanhe River.
The main building is six stone steps with 27 martyrs' tombstones. On the top floor are the tombstones of Wang Ruofei, Bo Gu, Ye Ting, Xiang Ying, Deng Fa, Zhang Hao, Guan Xiangying and Zheng Yaonan. 1992, building a memorial tower.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Bo Gu