Excellent works often have their own interests. What we are talking about here means something else, which is symbolic. Appreciating the article "Looking at the Snow at the Lake Pavilion" needs to transcend the real situation and not stick to appearances, so as to truly enter the spiritual world constructed by the author.

Key words: see the snow symbol in the lake pavilion? Dream? Adventure? mirror image

Teaching Zhang Dai's article "Looking at the Lake Pavilion and Snow", there are many people who know the world and think that this article contains thoughts of the old country, but talk about it; Others think that this article is only the author's account of his trivial enjoyment. This is the third time that the author has taught this article, and found that it would be too true if only this article was regarded as a fact. It would be empty if we just regard it as fiction. This article is not only the author's narrative and enjoyable work, but also must be fictional and reserved in the selection. In fact, as far as excellent works are concerned, articles are often popular, and what is said here is other meaning and symbolic. To appreciate an article, we often need to transcend reality and not stick to appearances, so as to truly enter the spiritual world constructed by the author.

1. Dream: the dreamy snow scene of the West Lake.

Zhang Dai's description of the snow scene of the West Lake on a winter night has fantastic colors. The first is to highlight the five-year period of Chongzhen, which adds a layer of memories to the works. So from the three days of heavy snow, we know that there are few heavy snowstorms in Hangzhou where the West Lake is located. According to Hangzhou's records, there were only four major snowstorms or blizzards in the Ming Dynasty. This kind of "three days of heavy snow" and "all the birds in the lake died" is a rare "affair" for people living in Hangzhou.

Memories and coincidences meet wonders again, and the West Lake described by the author is like a dream. More regularly, under the background of night, the snow scene of West Lake is different from that of daytime. Others swam when the lake was pink and green, and Zhang Dai insisted on traveling after three days of heavy snow; Others enjoy the fun in the noise during the day, and Zhang Dai insists on swimming in the silent lake; Others took their children to soju and called friends, but Zhang Dai insisted on "going alone" to the pavilion in the middle of the lake and "seeing the snow".

The "independence" here is Zhang Dai's inner loneliness, not just "being alone", so Zhang Dai said "going alone" when accompanied by boat people. First, the ship is to give people away instead of watching the snow; Second, Zhang Dai is obsessed with snow, and there is no secularity in his eyes. Therefore, the snowy night scenery of the West Lake is extraordinary and dreamy in his works.

Imagine being on a lake full of water and air on a "silent night", surrounded by water and sky, indistinguishable and integrated, while the long embankment, the pavilion in the lake, the boat and the people on board are as hazy and illusory as shadows on a boundless snowy night. Isn't this world a dream?

Silence, vastness, vastness and obscurity. Is this really a snowy night in the middle of the lake? Or the projection of the author's mind map? Or the true memory of more than ten years ago and the artistic sublimation of today's vicissitudes of mind?

The word "harmony" is not only full of musical beauty, but also like continuous heavy snow, which blends the sky, clouds, mountains and water from a distance. It seems that the author himself has merged "harmony" into this vast and boundless world. Quantifiers such as "one mark", "one point", "one mustard" and "two or three grains" are as small as one, describing the smallness of things, highlighting the emptiness of Yunshan and reflecting the smallness of people in the universe.

From the perspective of writing, the author first has a panoramic view of the snowy night from the perspective of "I" in heaven and earth, then looks at Long Beach and Lake Pavilion from the perspective of "I", and then ranks among the commanding heights of heaven and earth, and looks at "man and me" in the boat from the perspective of "heaven and earth". As Zhuangzi said, "the spirit of heaven and earth, a must".

Only a few strokes, long and huge. Even if the author really went to Huxinge in Chongzhen for five years to see the snow scene that day, the description in the article is not constantly reappearing, but the reconstruction of the author's subjective spiritual world after more than ten years. The hazy memory and the strangeness of the snowy night made that night so dense as if it were a dream.

Second, adventure: adventure in the pavilion.

Zhang Dai went to the pavilion in the lake to see the snow, and he met two people enjoying the snow in the pavilion in front of him. This passage is written in simple terms and vivid. However, there are many puzzles in writing. First of all, the interaction between characters seems to be not harmonious enough; Secondly, the characters' answers seem irrelevant.

Two Jinling guests were overjoyed when they met Yu. "There is no such person in the lake!" How, is how. What's more, this person is lamenting that "birds are singing in the lake". How can people like us come to enjoy the snow on a snowy night? It can be seen that two Jinling guests regard "I" as a kindred spirit. However, what about Zhang Dai? Jinling guest is active, like a master. And "I", the original owner of the West Lake, is like a guest, being "pulled" together to drink, drinking "strong" and drinking "three whites and leaving". "I" seems to have 10 thousand reluctance in my heart. If you like, it should be "I want to drink with it", "I want to drink hard" and "I want to rest until I get drunk". Now, I was "pulled" together to drink, and I drank a little reluctantly. I only drank three cups and left in a hurry. Why?

I think there are two reasons: one is to use Jinling passengers to set off themselves; Second, in this narrative, I cherish the thoughts of my hometown.

Jinling guest is warm, frank and sincere, and is the kind of person who is easy to get along with. But Zhang Dai was reluctant to drink and left in a hurry. In "West Lake in July and a Half" by Zhang Dai, he described five kinds of people who look at the moon. Among them, the third and fifth categories are particularly worthy of attention. The third kind of person, accompanied by famous prostitutes and idle monks, is quite elegant, not idle, but the mentality of "full moon for people" is too artificial and arty; The fifth kind of people obviously want to isolate themselves from the outside world by hanging a thin screen by boat, bringing their friends and beautiful women, as well as exquisite tea sets. Zhang Dai believes that they are not so much enjoying the moon as drinking tea and talking with relatives and friends. Although the author "associates with the third and fifth kinds of people", in the end, after the guests dispersed, he rowed the boat and "slept soundly among the ten-mile lotus flowers", which was something he was proud of. It can be seen that what the author appreciates is the joy of mountains and rivers, the communication between man and nature, and the unity of art and Taoism.

On the other hand, Jinling guests bring friends and boys to talk about shochu, which is more like a fifth kind of person, not a real "snow-watching" person. People who "look at the snow but don't see it, have no intention to look" just want to find a quiet place to drink and chat, instead of taking the West Lake as a confidant and simply looking at themselves. In Zhang Dai's view, Jinling tourists only need to look at the "shape" of snow, but really look at the "meaning" of snow. Therefore, writing about Jinling Guest is only to set off his refined taste, which is not generally comparable, and does not lead Jinling Guest to be a fellow traveler.

When it comes to talking, the characters' answers are irrelevant, which the author thinks is also the author's original intention. The reason why Zhang Dai has no impression of "surname" is that the words "Jinling guest, guest here" hurt Zhang Dai's sensitive nerves and can be used to express his grief for his motherland. In classical culture, "guest" often contains a sense of wandering and helplessness besides living in a hostel. The pavilion in the middle of the lake is still there, and the scenery of old friends is gone. When the author wrote this article, it was "the country broke down and died, and it will never return." It can be seen that in Zhang Dai's mind, isn't he just comparing himself to a "Ming guest" wandering in the Qing Dynasty?

The ambition in the heart and the thought of the old country are difficult to express in the new dynasty, so we can only use literary brushwork to send metaphors and symbols

Third, mirror image: the spiritual world that reflects each other

If this article was written by Zhang Dai when he visited the lake in Chongzhen for five years, we can say that he is a free and easy celebrity. But the fact is that this article was written more than ten years later, after the demise of the Ming Dynasty, the author recalled the past. I'm afraid his heart can't be expressed by the word free and easy.

Zhang Dai, a native of the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, was born in the Ming Dynasty, and his ancestors used to be senior officials. After the new dynasty, from the top of luxury to the bottom of despair, there is no hope, no end, unwillingness to return to the new dynasty, and inability to return to the old dynasty. Only in the sigh of "the rest of my life is hard" can we recall "the past and the old dreams" So, he wrote "Looking at Snow in the Middle of the Lake", avoiding the bustling tourists, the noisy daytime and all the real human fireworks, and went to see the West Lake in his center-that is, the West Lake, isn't it the mirror image of his "self-personality"? People who go to see the West Lake on the snowy night of the third grade have both the wild and uninhibited mode of Zhang Dai when he was young and the pain of Mr. Tao An's old country. This dual personality image casts the West Lake with ice and snow, and also casts Zhang Dai's ice and snow personality.

The world of ice and snow in that memory is the embodiment of the author's mood when writing-Manchu entered the customs and Ming Dynasty died early. At this time, how many people are as obsessed with the old country as the author? Don't people like the author just write about the winter scenery on the West Lake? No trace, no news. The boat people who went with them at that time were still mumbling, not to mention now. Who else can share the same interests with the author? Isn't the prosperity and joy of the past like "all birds die" Everything is like a dream. Those two Jinling guests don't even remember their surnames. Do they really exist? Looking back now, no one can really understand his confidant. After waking up, it is still difficult to find a bosom friend. Isn't this winter night the West Lake World?

Zhang Dai spoke highly of the cultural personality and ethereal style of the "spirit of ice and snow". Isn't a more regular and quiet snow lake a mirror image of ice and snow personality? Ice and snow have been endowed with noble symbols since ancient times. There was no place to be an official after Zhang's death, which was a symbol of noble ambition. In that era when everyone only cared about himself, such a noble person as him was rare. Between heaven and earth, only the world of the West Lake on a snowy night is enough to symbolize his personality and bring out the best in each other. Therefore, in this boundless winter night, birds are singing and flowers are fragrant, and the snow is motionless for three days. The only thing he can see is his confidant, the world of the West Lake, which is ice and snow.

From the prosperity of Zhongming cuisine to today's "intermittent smoke"; From a senior official in the old country to a slave who perished today; From the failure of anti-Qing dynasty to seclusion in the mountains; Looking back on the first half of my life, who said that this ups and downs of life is not a dream? It is because my heart is too cold that I always want to find some warmth and comfort in my dreams. So, there is "Embracing Clothes Fire" and "Jinling Guest". Is it warm, but can it drive away a little chill? Jinling guest is just like himself, and his true self is without a trace of warm ice and snow. The sadness of the word "guest here" is not enough!

Then, "off the boat, Zhou Zi muttered,' don't say" xianggong ",even more idiots like" xianggong "! "The infatuation in Zhou Zi's mind refers to the unique way of" enjoying snow "; But I don't know that Zhang Dai's "infatuation" contains three meanings besides this extraordinary and unique way of watching snow: first, when the Ming Dynasty was still alive, he braved the cold to watch snow freely; Second, after the era entered the new dynasty, I deeply missed the "Wan Ku You You" life of the former dynasty; Third, he did not cooperate with the noble personality ideal and spiritual world of the New Deal.

People always seek a little balance in life. That is the unspeakable pain in Zhang Dai's heart, which is often covered by seemingly free and easy words. After all, the world of "watching snow in a lake pavilion" can only be Zhang Dai's own world. The destruction of the country will never heal in Zhang Dai's life consciousness, which casts a layer of vicissitudes and sadness on this passage. In this symbolic dream memory constructed by the author with memories and reality, only the author can understand and one person can bear this icy snow that blows through life.

The five-year anniversary of Chongzhen is inseparable from the five-year anniversary of Chongzhen. The snow and ice I saw that day was just another mirror image of Zhang Dai's self-personality. There is never a second bosom friend in this world, except the snow in the middle of the lake and myself in the snow.

This article was published in "Reference of Chinese Teaching in Middle Schools" (China News).