1In the autumn of 925, Xu Ce invited more than 20 students from Yangxin County who were studying in Han to return to their hometown, organized a "Youth Promotion Preparatory Meeting" and became the principal. He led his classmates to raise propaganda funds from the industrial and commercial circles, and went to various places to publicize revolutionary ideas against imperialism, warlords, corrupt officials, local tyrants and evil gentry, and feudal superstitions, and to publicize Dr. Sun Yat-sen's three major policies of "uniting with Russia, uniting with the Communist Party, and working with peasants".
1926, Xu Ce ended his student life and returned to Dajipu to work as a Chinese teacher in Ma Yixian School. At this point, the Northern Expeditionary Army captured Wuchang and Hanyang, and the main force of warlord Wu was almost wiped out. The Northern Expeditionary Army marched triumphantly, and the rural revolutionary movement in Hubei developed rapidly. In late September, under the leadership of Daye Special Branch of the Communist Party of China, revolutionary mass organizations such as trade unions, peasant associations, "anti-drug associations", youth promotion associations and women's football associations in Daye and Yangxin counties have mushroomed. With revolutionary passion, Xu Ce actively participated in the "Longshan Culture Promotion Association" led by Cao Dajun, a member of * * * *, and devoted himself to publishing and propagating revolutionary truth.
At the end of 1926, Cao Zhuangfu (Daye), secretary of Xuzhou independent branch of the Communist Party of China, was transferred back to Hubei prefectural party committee to work. Xu Ce often associates with Cao Zhuang's father. Cao Zhuangfu saw that Xu Ce's revolutionary will was firm and his educational level and working ability were high. Introduce him to China with Cao Dajun. Since then, Xu Ce has devoted himself to the revolution and devoted himself to the party and the revolutionary cause.
From the end of 1926 to the spring of 1927, Xu Ce, Cao Dajun, Cao Yujie and other people traveled all over Dajiupu, Caojiawan, Baishapu, Majiao and other areas on the (wild) Yang (new) border to form farmers' associations at all levels and carry out farmers' movements. Shi Jingyi, a local tyrant in Dipu District, Xiaoji City, Daye County, cruelly exploited tenant farmers, oppressed the masses and raped women, doing all kinds of evil, which was hated by farmers. Immediately after the establishment of the peasant association, a trial meeting of 1,000 people was held, and Shi Jingyi was executed on the spot. Subsequently, local tyrants and evil gentry were successively suppressed in various places, and a total of more than ten people were suppressed, which was extremely sinful.
The peasant movement fundamentally shook the ruling foundation of imperialism and feudalism in China. Therefore, all reactionary forces quickly? Elk gathered together to fight back against the peasant movement. Zhu Zhong, President of Yangxin County Chamber of Commerce? After the plot, a surprise attack was launched on February 27, 1927 at/kloc-0. Nine revolutionaries, including Cheng Ziying, were tied up, poured with kerosene and burned alive. At that time, Xu Ce was having a meeting in Yangxin County. He cleverly broke through and took a shortcut back to Ma Yixian School. Zhao Zijun, Xu Ce's uncle, got news from the inside that the enemy would continue to search in Xiao Ju shop and rushed back to Xu Shouzhuang overnight to inform Xu Ce's father. When Xu Ce heard the news, he disguised himself as a peddler and left overnight. He crossed mountains and mountains, waded through mountains and rivers, and after many twists and turns, he settled in his grandmother's house in Mabu Town, Lu 'an County, Anhui Province. There, in addition to helping his uncle with silverware and chores, he also took time to go to the market to sell paintings and exchange money and paper for publicity materials. Although he took refuge in a foreign land, he still did not forget to publicize the revolution.
After July15, Chiang Kai-shek joined hands with Wang, and Chiang Kai-shek's minions in Hubei organized reactionary organizations such as "Party Clearing Committee", "Qingxiang Group" and "vigilante group" to arrest and slaughter * * elements and revolutionary masses. The enemy found that Xu Ce was backward and rounded up the town of "Ma bu" or horse stance just look through the reactionaries in Lu 'an County, Anhui Province. One day, a group of "Qing Xiang delegations" came to Xu Ce's grandmother's house. Xu Ce cleverly hid in the dark cellar under his uncle's bed and escaped the enemy's pursuit.
Two months later, Xu Ce secretly sneaked back to his hometown, found a party organization and got in touch with Cao Dajun, Cao, Cao Zhenya, Shi, Chen Hongzhou and others. They killed four local tyrants in Yangxin County, seized more than 20 guns, confiscated more than 20 long and short guns of Daye Yinzu and Liu, and organized an ocean gun team to carry out guerrilla warfare, according to the general policy of agrarian revolution and armed resistance to the Kuomintang reactionaries' slaughter policy determined by the August 7th meeting in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the decision to organize farmers in four provinces of Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi and Guangdong to hold an autumn harvest uprising. Liu, Luo and their associates, the most heinous local tyrants in Dayang area, were executed one after another, which shocked the enemy and inspired the peasant masses.
1In May, 928, Xu Ce was appointed as the executive member of Yangxin County Committee of the Communist Party of China, specifically responsible for the propaganda work and participated in the publication of "Ruthless Axe", an organ publication of the county Committee. He took the lead in writing manuscripts, attacking the reactionary government, exposing social darkness, propagating revolutionary truth, spreading Marxism-Leninism, and awakening the people to fight for overthrowing the reactionary ruling class.
In June 5438+10, Xu Ce was transferred to the CPC Daye County Party Committee Secretary. The county party committee is located in Gong Jin Temple on the top of Nanshan Mountain, more than 60 miles away from daye city. Later, the county party committee received the documents of the Sixth National Congress of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Guided by the spirit of the Sixth National Congress, he decided to launch a large-scale revolutionary movement throughout the county.
Starting with the restoration and development of the Party's organization, Xu Ce restored 1 1 CPC branch in ten districts, and after four months' work, it grew to 3 1 branch. By the spring of 1930, party member had grown to 3,600 people.
Xu Ce attached great importance to the establishment of revolutionary armed forces and set up a county pistol team. Camouflage reconnaissance during the day, act secretly at night, and attack landlords and corrupt officials by surprise. On one occasion, Huang Xiaojie, secretary of the Kuomintang Party Department in Daye County, married his daughter, and the pistol team members dressed as guests and beggars respectively guarded the front and rear doors. When the food was served and the wine was just hot, a dozen players suddenly rushed in and killed Huang Xiaojie and several other reactionaries.
In order to relieve farmers' distress and stimulate their enthusiasm for struggle, Xu Ce instructed all districts and townships to open warehouses to release grain, and dozens of granaries of landlords and gentry were opened in various parts of the county. A war for grain began in Daye and soon spread to counties in southeastern Hubei.
1February, 929, the Central Committee of Daye of the Communist Party of China established the county committees of Daye, Yangxin, Tongshan, Sun Yicheng, Qichun, Qishui, Huangmei, Guangji, Ruichang, Wuning and Xianning, with Xu Ce as the executive member. Because Wu Zhimin, secretary of the Central County Party Committee, is an inspector of Hubei Provincial Party Committee, Xu Ce is actually responsible for the work of the Central County Party Committee. He followed the instructions of the Central County of the CPC Central Committee and the County Guided by the Municipal Party Committee, and visited various places once a month to inspect the actual situation of each district, and often personally went to Yang (Xin) Tong (Shan) mountainous area and Jiangbei counties to guide the armed struggle.
At that time, the revolutionary situation in southeastern Hubei and northwestern Jiangxi was like a surging wave. The Central County Committee of Daye lost no time in formulating the general program of armed riots, and sent pistol teams and working groups to the south of Qichun to launch the "Peasant Uprising in Yutai on April 17th (Lunar New Year) and the" Peasant Uprising in Yinshan Coal Mine on April 18th (Lunar New Year) ". On June 30th, the Liu Uprising in Daye, which shocked southeastern Hubei, broke out. At dawn that day, nearly 10,000 insurgents, led by Wu Zhimin, Xu Ce and Liu Quan, armed with knives, spears, hoes, shovels and birds, surrounded eight villages in Liu Ren, a reactionary stronghold in Daye County. The county pistol team took the lead in the charge, opened the gate of the ancestral temple in front of Bachun, Liu Ren, killed Liu Weijing, the captain of the landlord's armed training team, and more than 40 enemies surrendered their guns. In mid-July, Wu Zhimin, Xu Ce, Xie Zhenya, Fang Buzhou, etc. In accordance with the instructions of the Central Committee, pistol teams and guerrillas were concentrated in Daye, Yangxin and Tongshan counties, and the first regular Red Army in southeastern Hubei was established, namely the Twelfth Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army, with Xie Zhenya as its commander. From then on, a revolutionary base area centered on Nanshantou was born.
/kloc-in the autumn of 0/929, with Peng as the commander, the Gongwu Legion ordered and He Changgong to lead five columns northward and advance into southeastern Hubei. /kloc-at the beginning of October, Xu Ce, Wu Zhimin and Xie Zhenya met with Li Can and He Changgong in Nanshantou. That night, after research, it was decided to attack Daye City. At that time, there were only 100 regular training teams in daye city. On the day of the siege, Xu Ce led the Red Army team from Nanfeng, quickly approached the suburbs and surrounded the city in a semicircle. Subsequently, Xu Ce and Xie Zhenya led another team to detour eastward and sneak into the willow trees next to the widow's embankment to ambush. At dusk, with a call to arms, Xu Ce and Xie Zhenya led the soldiers of the 12th Red Army to rush into the city to engage in fierce fighting with the enemy guarding the city. The enemy lost more than half and fled in haste. The Red Army captured Daye City for the first time.
Soon, Chiang Kai-shek sent the second regiment of the 15th Tang Yunshan Independent Brigade to Daye and Yangxin to "suppress" the Red Army. At this time, the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) sent someone to discuss the implementation of the riot plan. 65438+In early February, Wu Gong Column and Daye Central County Committee immediately held a joint meeting at Cao Yujie's home in Caojiawan. Xu Ce attended the meeting. After a heated discussion, it was decided that Xu Ce would send someone to cover the liaison sent by the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC), and Liu Zhenshan would contact the inner-party underground city that had entered the 15th Brigade to outsmart Daye City. Late at night in February/February 14, Cheng and key elements publicly called on the soldiers to take part in the riots and become Red Army officers. Five or six soldiers of Cheng responded in succession. When the soldiers went to solve the seventh company, the two sides fought. In order to reduce casualties, Cheng led the soldiers to retreat to the suburbs. At dawn, the Red Army began to attack the city. Xu ce is familiar with the road and serves as the main attack. He Changgong and Li Can led a large army to ambush in the neck of Niutou Mountain. Hong Chao led a group of soldiers to feint and lure the enemy out of the city. After the enemy left the city, Xu Ce and Xie Zhenya led the troops in pursuit. The enemy fled north, ran past Qilijie and Liu Changxi, and fell into the ambush circle of the Red Army. Machine guns, mortars and rifles fired at the hills on both sides, and the sound of bugles and shouts shook the hills. Hong Chao led the troops to turn around and blocked the enemy's way. In this battle, the Red Army captured hundreds of enemies, including the enemy battalion commander Zhu Mazi and Daye county magistrate Wu Pingjie. This is the second time to capture Daye City, also known as "Daye Fort".
1930 In March, Xu Ce, He Changgong, Wu Zhimin and Fang Buzhou went to Shanghai to attend the National Soviet Local Congress, the National Red Army Congress and the Hubei Party Congress held in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. /kloc-in June of 0/6, the Red Sanjuntuan was established in Ba Village, Liu Ren, Daye County, with Peng as the commander-in-chief, Teng as the chief of staff, Yuan as the director of the political department, and under its jurisdiction the Red Fifth Army and the Red Eighth Army. Gongbajun has three columns, and Xu Ce is the political commissar of the three columns. Xu Ce led the army to fight Peng and captured Daye City for the third time.
On July 15, the Red Third Army Corps held a meeting of the front committee in Pingjiang to draw up a plan to attack Changsha. As the political commissar of the column, Xu Ce immediately mobilized cadres and soldiers for pre-war mobilization after receiving this news. He said: "Changsha was occupied by He Jian, a murderous executioner. In Ma Ri incident, he captured and killed many of my cadres and revolutionary masses, and his hands were stained with the blood of the people. In order to avenge the dead martyrs, we must risk our lives to capture Changsha City, capture He Jian alive and kill all the people! " Encouraged by Xu Ce's propaganda, the soldiers of the Red Third Column were full of blood and asked them to fly to the command post in the form of gauntlets and resolutions.
On July 22nd, the battle of Changsha started. The Red Army soldiers fought bravely and killed the enemy tenaciously, occupied the golden pit 30 miles away from Pingjiang City, wiped out nearly two enemy regiments, captured more than 0/000 enemy troops, and seized more than 2,000 guns and some ammunition. On the morning of 27th 10, the general attack of Changsha City began. Commander Xu Ce and Hou Zhongying of the Red Third Column organized more than 300 death squads to storm by boat from Cunninghamia lanceolata Port, covered the soldiers of the second and third columns to cross the Liuyang River, advanced to the enemy's flank and rear positions, commanded the Red Army soldiers to shout at the enemy, and strengthened the political offensive. Peng commanded the main force of the whole army to rush to the enemy's main position, and after a fierce attack, he took Changsha City.
At the end of July, the Red Sanjuntuan returned to Longevity Street, Pingjiang County from Changsha, co-edited Wu Gong and Gongba Army, changed the column into a teacher, and Xu Ce was appointed as the political commissar of the Eighth Regiment of the Third Division. On August 23rd, the First and Third Army Corps of the Red Army successfully joined forces in Yonghe City, Liuyang County, Hunan Province to form the First Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army. From then on, under the leadership of Zhu De and Peng, Xu Ce moved to Hunan and Jiangxi with the Red Sanjuntuan. 1933 In May, when the Red Third Army Corps was reorganized in Dahuping, Anle, Xu Ce was transferred to the political commissar of the Sixth Division.
1934 10.07, Xu ce received an order from his superior, and Cao Deqing, a teacher, led his troops from Xingguo Gaoxingwei and took cover in Quyang and Fenkeng in Yudu County. /kloc-in the early morning of 0/7, it was foggy, and Xu Ce and others came to the Du Yu River. There are five pontoons on the river, and the river hits them violently. Seeing that there were many soldiers and horses crossing the river and the bridge deck was crowded, Xu Ce led the soldiers to wade across the river from shallow water. His feet were soaked in biting cold water, but he encouraged the soldiers to move forward with fire-like enthusiasm.
In order to prevent the Red Army from breaking through and transferring, Chiang Kai-shek urgently dispatched hundreds of thousands of troops from Hunan and Guangdong, and set up heavy blockade lines along the way. Xu Ce and Cao Deqing led the soldiers of the Sixth Division of the Red Army to take the lead with the Red Army Corps and heroically killed the enemy. 10/0 On October 22nd, the Chen Boying regiment of Yu Hanmou Department of Guangdong Army was annihilated in Shi Ping, breaking through the first blockade. After Jiudushui, Dayu River and Xincheng, it enters Hunan. 1On the evening of October 5th, 165438+ stormed Rucheng, defeated the key parts of Xiang Army, crossed the second blockade line and reached Yizhang. June165438+1October 10 Yizhang city was breached, and the third blockade line jointly set up by the Hunan and Guangdong armies along the Guangdong-Han railway was broken, clearing another obstacle of the Central Red Army. On June165438+1October 1 1 day, the Red Third Army Corps was awarded by the Central Revolutionary Military Commission of the Chinese Soviet Union. Xu Ce fought bravely all the way and was praised by the head of the Third Army Corps.
After the Red Army broke through three blockade lines in succession, Chiang Kai-shek realized the intention of the Red Army to move westward, and hastily transferred nearly 40 troops to build a fourth blockade line along the banks of Xiangjiang River. 165438+1On October 25th, Xu Ce and other officers and men of the Sixth Division of the Red Army, according to the instructions issued by the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, led troops to Xing 'an with the Third Column via Xiaoping, Dengjiayuan and Guanyang. When their regimental headquarters arrived at the east bank of Xiangjiang River, Liao Lei, Liu, Zhou Hunyuan, Li Hua and Wu Qiwei of the Kuomintang army came from all directions, and the situation was very dangerous. In order to cover the central column crossing the Xiangjiang River, Xu Ce and others led the Red Sixth Division to fight bravely and tenaciously with other members of the Red Third Army. In particular, the regiment left by the Sixth Division of the Red Army as the last cover, except for a few who broke through the encirclement, most of them died heroically. 65438+At the beginning of February, the Red Army broke through the fourth blockade set by the enemy, crossed the Xiangjiang River and continued westward. 1935 65438+ 10, Xu ce and others, according to the instructions of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, led his troops to cross the Wujiang River, moved to the south of Zunyi, guarded the knife and raked the water, and kept watch along the banks of the Wujiang River, thus ensuring the smooth convening of the Zunyi Conference with great historical significance.
On February 9, the various parts of the Red Army arrived in Tashi, Yunnan. On June+10, 5438, the Central Military Commission of China issued the Order on the Reduction of the Whole Army, and Xu Ce was ordered to lead 100 Red Army cadres to open up new areas on the border of Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou. Zhou Enlai, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, announced: "the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has decided to deploy you to set up a guerrilla here. First, we must attack the enemy and cooperate with the Central Red Army to go north; Second, we must arrange for the protection of the wounded and sick; Third, revolutionary base areas must be established. " At the same time, it was announced that, with the approval of the Central Committee, the CPC South Sichuan Special Committee was established, with Xu Ce as secretary, Yu Zehong as propaganda minister and Dai Yuanhuai as organization minister; Set up a guerrilla column in southern Sichuan, with Xu Ce as political commissar and Wang as commander. On February 12, Xu Ce led the newly established guerrilla column of the South Sichuan Red Army to Shikanzi with the main force of the Central Red Army. 14, Xu ce led his troops to bid farewell to the big army with tears and set foot on a new battle journey.
After saying goodbye to the main force of the Red Army, Xu Ce turned to Huangnizui and sent someone to inform Wang to meet the guerrillas in Shuping, DC. /kloc-in February, 2008, the guerrilla column in southern Sichuan merged with the guerrillas in the special zone, with a total of more than 600 people. Xu Ce held a meeting of all soldiers in Wulong Mountain area, calling on everyone to summon up a hundred times of courage, overcome all difficulties and hardships, destroy the enemy and strive to create a new situation.
At the beginning of June, 1935, Xu Ce led the Red Army guerrilla column to return to Daxueshan from Lianmuai, and then headed for Tashi via Bandova Valley. Soon, the two guerrillas left by the Central Red Army in northern Guizhou and western Guizhou moved to southern Sichuan. At the beginning of July, the three detachments of Zhujiashan in Xuyong merged to form the guerrilla column of the Sichuan-Guizhou Border Region of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants, with Xu Ce as the political commissar of the column and Liu Ganchen as the commander. At the same time, the CPC Special Committee for South Sichuan was renamed the CPC Special Committee for Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou, with Xu Ce as the secretary and Yu Zehong as the deputy secretary.
After the bankruptcy of Yunnan-Guizhou plan to encircle the main force of the Red Army, Chiang Kai-shek always regarded the guerrillas left by the Red Army in Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou as his confidant, and repeatedly ordered the warlords in the three provinces to step up their "suppression" and capture Xu Ce alive.
On July 12, Xu Ce and others arrived in Changlawsuit north of Tashi from xuyong county, Sichuan, ready to attack Xingwen Jianwu and move to southern Sichuan. That night, Sichuan Army was loyal to No.3 Road (county)? Zhou Huacheng, commander of Shi (column) "Qing Xiang Township", got a tip-off, led the Sichuan Army in four battalions and more than 65,438+0,000 people in various border areas of Sichuan and Yunnan overnight, and set up several blockade lines on several ridges from Chang Ravache to Shibeikou. /kloc-in the early morning of 0/3, the Red Army guerrillas walked along the path to the forest area on the mountainside of guanyin temple, and were suddenly cut off by the enemy. Two teams and six brigades of the column were trapped on a narrow mountain road. Xu Ce, Liu Ganchen and Chen Hong were not afraid of danger and calmly commanded the troops to fight back. After tenacious fighting, they successively captured two enemy hills. However, the guerrillas suffered heavy casualties. Unfortunately, Zhang Fengguang, the deputy political commissar, was shot and killed, and Chen Hong, the chief of staff, was seriously injured and captured (he was later detained in Yibin prison and died heroically in June165438+1October of the same year). Seeing this scene, Xu Ce was full of anger and personally led his troops to the last hill occupied by the enemy. Unfortunately, he was shot several times and bled profusely. He immediately appointed Yu Zehong as his agent and said, "Zhou Huacheng must be destroyed!" According to Xu Ce's orders, Yu Zehong continued to command troops to carry out hand-to-hand combat with the enemy and seized the last high ground held by the enemy.
After Xu Ce was seriously injured, the medical staff carried him on a stretcher and moved to Lop Nur with the troops. No sooner had the vanguard troops entered the street corner than the rear troops were crossing the river, when they were attacked by the 11th Company of the 3rd Regiment of Yunnan Army Guard Brigade, Zhenxiong Independent Battalion and militia. Due to the unknown situation, after another day of fighting and marching, the commanders and soldiers were exhausted, and Yu Zehong commanded the troops to turn to the sun slope of Dazhushan. The enemy blocked the street corner and river ferry in Luobu 'ao and tightened the encirclement. Xu Ce, who was seriously injured, was exhausted by excessive blood loss. When he saw that Yu Zehong led the troops to fight our way out and rushed out of the tight encirclement, he ordered the guard company Xia Lianchang: "Leave me alone! We should put the interests of the revolution first! Lead the soldiers to leave quickly and catch up with the troops! Saving strength is the duty of our soldiers! Let's go! " Under the repeated urging of Xu Ce, Xia Lianchang, who accompanied him day and night, had to leave reluctantly. Xu Ce was hacked to death by the Yunnan army who arrived, and died heroically at the age of 33.