Innovation is the soul of a nation's progress and the driving force of a country's prosperity. Building an innovative country is China's strategic goal, in which government innovation is of great significance. Government innovation aims at establishing a service-oriented government with coordinated and sustainable development of politics, economy, society and culture. It is a systematic project, which should be promoted systematically and comprehensively under the guidance of correct ideas.

Wang Huiyan, a senior professor at the School of Administration of Jilin University, believes that government innovation should be guided by Marxism. He said in his speech: "To build an innovative country, government innovation is particularly important. The premise of innovation is China's basic national conditions, that is, the socialist social form, the economy and society are still underdeveloped, and the socialist market economy is still immature. " In addition, regarding how to innovate in theory, he believes that we should persist in understanding and explaining social phenomena with Marxist viewpoints and methods and adhere to socialist ideology.

Professor Xie Qingkui systematically expounded the ways of government innovation from three aspects. He believes that, first, political reform, as the premise of government innovation, mainly solves the problem of excessive concentration of power and the problem of power restriction and supervision. Around these two central issues, political reform is mainly carried out at four levels: first, the reform and improvement of party and government relations; Second, the adjustment of the relationship between the central and local governments; Third, the adjustment of the relationship between the state and society; Fourth, strengthen the restriction and supervision of power; Second, the direction of administrative reform is from traditional good governance to modern good governance. Good governance requires a clean government, a transparent government, an efficient government, a responsible government and a government ruled by law. In order to achieve the goal of good governance, people's governments at all levels, from the central government to the local government, should actively promote government reform and innovation, improve the government management system and management methods, and change the concept and mode of governance. The guiding ideology of administrative reform at this stage is to change the past efficiency priority into service priority, and emphasize the one-way valve of the quality and level of public services provided by the government to the society; Third, the transformation of the ruling party's ruling style is to realize the legalization of the ruling style.

Professor Xu Hongwu believes that Scientific Outlook on Development is the guiding ideology of China's socialist modernization and government function innovation, and the central link of China's government innovation is administrative system reform. To this end, he emphasized the importance of the relationship between Scientific Outlook on Development and a series of functional innovations, such as the innovation of income distribution system, the innovation of government finance function, the innovation of government supervision function, the innovation of performance evaluation function, and so on, to examine the government innovation in China.

The history professor of Wuhan University described the goal of government innovation in his speech. He said that the problem of innovation is a problem in the process of China's transformation from a traditional government to a modern government. In fact, it is a question of political modernization and government modernization. Four standards of world political modernization: rationalization, secularization (structural division), institutionalization and democratization. Rationalization and secularization are easy to realize in the early stage of modernization, while institutionalization and democratization should be paid attention to in the middle and late stage of modernization, but it does not mean that institutionalization and democratization should not be done in the early stage. These four standards exist in all stages of modernization, but the emphasis of each stage is different. Rationalization and secularization are technological innovations, which are relatively easy, while institutionalization and democratization are substantive innovations, which are relatively difficult. Therefore, China can only innovate at the technical level at present. In other words, China can finally realize the modernization of China government through technological innovation.

Professor Wang Bangzuo, when analyzing the motive force of government innovation, thinks that the motive force of innovation can be examined from both micro and macro perspectives. At present, under the national conditions of China, it is still very difficult to innovate at the macro level, but scholars should promote it with the innovation of ideas. Of course, it should not be denied that micro-government innovation is very feasible, so China's government innovation can start from the micro level. Professor Ni Xing of Sun Yat-sen University analyzed the modern transformation of political legitimacy from the perspective of external variables and internal variables. He believes that the driving force of local government innovation is the modernization of government management, and local government innovation requires local governments to have the spirit of political entrepreneurs. At the same time, Professor Ni Xing also stressed that the pressure of bureaucratic system itself, the index amplification effect, the increase of local levels, the path dependence of eliminating competition mechanism, the competition of political achievements among regions and the competition among political elites have all increased the difficulty of government innovation. Li Chengwei, deputy dean of the School of Politics and Public Administration of China University of Political Science and Law, also believes that government innovation should start from the market economy, civil society, globalization and the party's ruling ability at the macro level, while government innovation needs government officials to have political entrepreneurship at the micro level.

When talking about the driving force of government innovation, Professor Li put forward the following views: firstly, we should clearly understand the driving force of government innovation from a macro perspective, and the sign of successful reform is whether we can avoid returning to the old road and whether the reform is reversible. He believes that China's market economy reform is successful, and China's check valve is irreversible. It is impossible for China to return to the planned economy, nor can it be changed because of the change of human will. It is inevitable that China's political system reform and government reform will lag behind, because there is no internal and subjective motivation. Because the government itself has serious shortcomings: if the government does not have direct reform motivation, the sense of official standard is still very strong; The government has too much discretion, too much material resources, too much control, opaque rights and lack of supervision mechanism; Special departmental interests and small group interests formed in the process of market economy development; Bureaucracy is serious, corruption is serious, and there is inaction; The government monopolized the expression of people's interests. In addition, there are risks in the political system reform, and the government itself is unwilling to take risks. This requires local imbalance to achieve the overall dynamic balance. Professor Li also emphasized that the political system is the external environment for economic development. When the economy develops to a certain extent and the political system hinders its development, economic development will demand from the opposite side, and it will not work without reforming the political system. The achievements of government innovation are easy to continue and expand: first, the pressure of external forces is easier to promote the continuation and expansion of government innovation; Second, it does not harm the special interests of the government or causes little damage; Third, innovation does not pose a challenge to the whole system; Fourth, the cost paid by government members should not be too great; Fifth, it is related to the government's political achievements; Sixth, the support of the masses is relatively high and the mass base is strong; Seventh, it is closely related to prominent social contradictions.

Wang, a doctoral student at the School of Government Administration of Peking University, believes that the motivation for government innovation mainly comes from three aspects: first, the people's demand for changing the political environment; Second, intellectuals' pursuit of democracy; Third, the enterprising spirit of political leaders; The resistance of government innovation mainly comes from two aspects: one is the contradiction between the publicity of government innovation goal and the self-interest of the implementers of innovation behavior, and the other is the contradiction between the vanguard of political elite innovation goal and the conservatism of bureaucratic implementation.

Second, the breakthrough point of government innovation and building a service-oriented government

To deepen the innovation of China government, we should take Scientific Outlook on Development as the guide, build a well-off society in an all-round way and a harmonious socialist society as the center, set up a socialist political system reform that meets the requirements of the socialist market economic system as the goal, take the transformation of government functions as the core and build a service-oriented government as the breakthrough. Building a service-oriented government has become the trend of administrative reform in China and the central task of China government's reform and innovation. Service-oriented government is a modern government that meets public demand and provides adequate and high-quality public products and services. As we all know, the change of ideas is the forerunner of all changes. The concept of public service is the foundation and premise of government innovation, which leads the government's innovation activities and drives away the legacy of feudal autocratic culture, and is of great significance to shaping a good environment for government innovation. The concept of public service can not only guide the development of government innovation activities in the right direction, but also create a good social environment for government innovation.

Experts and scholars attending the meeting expounded the breakthrough point of government innovation and their understanding of building a service-oriented government from different angles. Professor Bai Gang analyzed the obstacles of government innovation in his speech, and thought that there were two kinds of government innovation, one was system innovation and the other was technology innovation. At present, there are difficulties in institutional innovation in China, so we can only carry out gradual technological innovation to finally realize qualitative change and institutional innovation. Gradual technological innovation will be a normal state of China government's innovation.

Professor Chen Hongtai of China University of Political Science and Law pointed out at the meeting that the way out for China's government innovation should be "integration theory" rather than "trend theory", that is, regulation and service are compatible, and people-oriented and democracy are combined. Professor Li of Peking University believes that an important aspect of building a service-oriented government is to solve the relationship between the government and the people's interest expression. Under the new situation of market economy, due to the great changes in social interest relations, social interest contradictions and conflicts are becoming increasingly acute and complex. In this case, the government can no longer arrange the expression of people's interests, and should make great efforts to provide various smooth and effective channels for the expression of people's interests. This change in the expression of people's interests is also the fundamental requirement of democratic political construction.

Professor Ni Xing from the School of Government Affairs of Sun Yat-sen University believes that China is currently in a transitional period with prominent economic and social contradictions, and building a harmonious society has a long way to go, which requires us to comprehensively strengthen the party's ruling ability, among which the government's management innovation ability is very important. China government management innovation mainly includes strategic planning, public policy, resource management and project management. Therefore, China government's management innovation ability can be comprehensively improved by cultivating political entrepreneurship, attaching importance to the role of intellectual elites, expanding citizen participation, properly introducing inter-governmental competition, making full use of existing political resources, and creating a learning government.

During the discussion, Dr. Zhang Zhihong of Nankai University said that the gradual development of market economy and the complexity of obstacles in the process of social transformation are the objective reality facing China's current political system reform. This requires that the political system reform should not only have the ability to adapt to and satisfy the development of market economy, but also have the ability to overcome and deal with various complex political problems. The rapid development of market economy has directly broken the existing political balance in the vertical relationship between governments. Learn from the experience of western developed countries, based on the specific reality of China. He believes that in order to highlight the political balance function of big cities in the operation of intergovernmental relations, we must first accelerate the development of municipalities directly under the central government and promote the balanced development among provinces; Secondly, it is necessary to increase the setting of metropolises and promote the coordinated development among cities; Finally, different types of central cities should be built to promote the balanced development of provinces and inland areas.

Professor Jiang Xiaoping of Sichuan University put forward some countermeasures and suggestions for contemporary administrative reform and improving government performance from the perspective of government process reengineering. She believes that process reengineering should be used to improve administrative efficiency and reduce administrative costs; Realize the reasonable separation or effective integration of government functions and promote organizational reengineering; Improve the quality of public services and enhance public satisfaction; Promote the process of public service informatization and actively promote the construction of service-oriented government.

The purpose of cultivating the public service concept of the government and its officials and adjusting the service behavior of government agencies and civil servants is to strengthen the service consciousness and build a convenient and efficient government. Professor Peng Xianggang of Jilin University believes that under the concept of service-oriented government, the government should not only use state-owned capital and state investment to develop infrastructure and public utilities and provide essential infrastructure and public goods and services, but also use the necessary authority and strength of the government to coordinate the interests of social members, improve social welfare, improve social security mechanism, guarantee the basic life of low-income groups and promote social fairness, harmony and stability.

Zhu Chunkui, School of International Relations and Public Affairs, Fudan University. Taking the department-level leading cadres in Baoshan District of Shanghai as the research object, this paper makes an empirical study on the competency model of civil servants' department-level leading cadres. This paper puts forward the competency model framework of national civil servant-level leading cadres, which includes four dimensions: public service, business process, financial responsibility and learning growth, and extracts performance consciousness, public servant consciousness, responsibility consciousness, execution ability, monitoring ability, coordination ability, administration according to law, strategic management ability, self-renewal ability, team building ability, financial control ability and so on1competency factors.

Dr. Jing Min from the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China believes that to build a service-oriented government in China, three groups of relationships should be handled well, namely, the relationship between supervision and service, the relationship between government and people, and the relationship between government and society.

Professor Wang Degao from School of Economics and Management of Wuhan University believes that the new public management movement opposes the traditional public administration's practice of emphasizing compliance with established laws and regulations and neglecting performance measurement and evaluation, and advocates relaxing strict administrative regulations and achieving strict performance target control. Therefore, the government should widely adopt the competitive mechanism and the successful management methods and means of the private sector, improve the management of human resources, and attach importance to the influence of politics on the administration and civil servants. The reform of the administrative management system needs to be combined with other aspects of the political system reform, so that administrative personnel can realize the political responsibility of administrative work, enhance their sensitivity to politics, and maintain their conscious response to policies, thus faithfully performing their administrative duties.

Researcher Xu Shuping from the Institute of Political Science of Heilongjiang Academy of Social Sciences emphasized in the paper that "people-oriented" is the fundamental starting point of government management, public service is the core function of government management, moral administration is the fundamental value pursuit of government management, network administration should be the basic way of government management, and performance evaluation is the basic evaluation system of government management efficiency.

Third, strengthen the legal system construction and the legalization of government administration.

Wang Degao, a professor at Wuhan University, thinks that China is still in the stage of imperfect legal system and insufficient system supply, so establishing and perfecting legal system and rules and regulations will remain an important task of China's administrative reform in a certain period of time. However, it must be noted that the system is a means after all, and it serves the government to complete the goals and tasks of public management. Therefore, when formulating laws, regulations and management systems, we should also consider how to implement them. This is exactly one aspect that should be strengthened in the current administrative work in China. Failing to abide by the law and enforcing the law strictly; The phenomenon that orders can't be enforced and prohibitions can't be effectively controlled. Even if the laws, regulations and management system are perfected, administration according to law is still empty talk.

Professor Peng Xianggang of Jilin University believes that government actions have legal effect, but this does not mean that all government actions are legal. The law not only regulates the government's power, but also restricts the government's behavior to prevent the government from abusing its power. Government behavior is mainly administrative behavior, so administration according to law has become the core of building a government ruled by law. Under the condition of market economy, the subjectivity and diversification of interests will inevitably lead to the rigidity of interests and the diversification of value standards and values. In order to coordinate complex and changeable interest relations and implement reasonable social redistribution, we must administer and enforce the law according to law. Fundamentally speaking, law is a normative system for adjusting interest relations. It is an important duty of the government to adjust the social interest relationship according to law. Only by administering according to law can we ensure the authority, rationality and stability of government coordination. To build a government ruled by law, firstly, we must improve the administrative legal system; The second is to improve the legal awareness of civil servants, especially leading cadres at all levels; Third, strengthen the construction of law enforcement by administrative organs, improve law enforcement procedures and implement law enforcement responsibilities; Fourth, we must improve the supervision mechanism, and fifth, we must strictly investigate the responsibility of law enforcement.

Wang Bo, a part-time associate researcher at Peking University Institute of Political Development and Government Management, systematically discussed the reform of the government system and the rule of law in China. He believes that the process of China's government system reform and rule of law construction is the result of multiple variables such as the potential demand of the new social order, public choice, legislative construction and rational game. With the development of market economy and the change of social structure, new interests and social relations are gradually derived between social classes and members. Once this new interest relationship germinates, grows and forms a potential new order, it turns to public power to put forward the demand for system reform, and then requires national laws to confirm it. However, the confirmation of the new social order by state power through state law is not a passive operation completely in accordance with the input of social needs, but a "public choice" process of rational game between multiple stakeholders in the old and new order. Political subjects such as the central government, local governments, social people and enterprises do not have natural consistency in the distribution structure of social resources. They need to negotiate and play strategic games repeatedly on a series of issues such as overall interests and local interests, law-making costs, legal operation costs, institutional change costs, and interest compensation, thus forming the "first time lag" and "second time lag" of institutional change. When the reform of government management system completes the process of institutional change through "the first time lag" and "the second time lag" and carries out administrative management according to the new law, the internal logic of administrative power and the new social and economic order forms harmony. Under certain time and space conditions, the government, society and law have achieved a conditional stable equilibrium at a new level. Both the government system and the legal system (the legal rigid expression of the government system) are like the price signal in the market exchange, and they are the external equilibrium buoys for the rational game of multiple stakeholders in the economic and social structure.

In his speech at the meeting, Professor Wang Bangzuo emphasized the need to promote the construction of a responsible government. The essence of a responsible government is the relationship between entrustment and entrustment determined by the relationship between people and government. Responsible government can restrict the tension of power and establish a government ruled by law. Therefore, we should actively promote the rule of law and maximize the openness and transparency of the government. Professor Ye Fuchun from the School of Philosophy and Public Administration of Heilongjiang University said in his speech at the meeting that government innovation has scope and boundaries. Government innovation refers to the innovation of public behavior in decision-making, political behavior, policy and technology. Government innovation should be in accordance with the law, and government innovation should not violate the existing laws and systems, or violate the law and the constitution. In addition, government innovation should take into account the limits of society, and if the cost is too high, it should be carefully considered. The quality, ability and motivation of the innovation subject will also affect the degree of innovation. Innovation is the perfection of the existing system. Innovation also needs to establish a responsibility system. Innovators should not innovate at will, lest public power be abused. Innovators must take responsibility for the results. From a macro perspective, innovation is the innovation of the ruling party's ideology-returning to the constitutional model.

Fourthly, democratic politics and government management innovation in a harmonious society.

Participants expressed their opinions on democratic politics and government management innovation in a harmonious society. Taiwan Province scholar Tian believes that Sun Yat-sen's "people's livelihood" and his "harmonious society" are consistent in connotation. Therefore, cross-strait dialogue, rather than staying in the past, is better to meet the future of creative win-win. Whether the two sides can create a win-win situation depends on the wisdom of compatriots on both sides of the strait, whether they can get rid of the ideological confrontation of "hovering between capitalism and socialism" in the past, take the logical concept of "harmony is the most important" as the direction of cross-strait development, abandon the "military confrontation" of "zero-sum game", and develop the two sides of the strait separately with the connotation of Sun Yat-sen's livelihood industry plan and Hu Jintao's "harmonious society", so that the two sides can embark on a win-win road and create an ideal ".

During the discussion, Professor Shi from the School of Politics and Public Administration of Wuhan University said that in view of the problems existing in democratic politics, the NPC system should be reformed and improved. Mainly from the following aspects: first, strengthen citizens' control and supervision over NPC deputies and NPC; Second, correctly handle the functional relationship between democracy and effectiveness of NPC system; The third is to reform the NPC representative system and implement the appointed representative system and full-time representative system; The fourth is to improve the democratic procedures of the National People's Congress and safeguard the democratic rights of NPC deputies.

Speaking at the seminar, Professor Bai Gang said: "A harmonious society is the ultimate goal of China government's innovation. There are two standards for government innovation in China, one is ecological standard; The other is a development standard that is conducive to productivity. "

Five, deepen the reform of science and technology system, strengthen the government's scientific and technological innovation

Professor He Jinghua from the School of Law and Politics of Shanghai Normal University said that building a harmonious and innovative ecology is the value embodiment of the government's "scientific and promising", and the internal development trend of contemporary science and technology is the continuous interdisciplinary, integration and mutual penetration. This trend constantly produces some new disciplines and new fields. These emerging disciplines are the frontiers of innovation, and they are also the fields with the fiercest competition and the greatest impetus to economic and social development. It is extremely important for the government to actively promote the establishment of a more open scientific and cultural environment for building an innovative country. To this end, we must strive to reduce or eliminate all kinds of unnecessary administrative barriers and abandon the "mountainism" management framework; The second is to implement the appointment system in scientific research institutions and establish a fair, just and transparent selection mechanism; Third, formulate incentive policies to strengthen and promote the openness within the science and technology system, including the openness among researchers, professional fields, research institutions, industries and regions. It is necessary to create an innovative atmosphere of "being brave in innovation, being the first, encouraging competition and tolerating failure". Strengthen the scientific popularization mechanism for the whole society. Scientific and technological innovation and popularization are the two wings of scientific and technological progress. The popularization of science can drive the whole nation to respect knowledge and talents, and inspire people's dedication to pursuing truth and values of respecting science, advocating rationality and seeking truth from facts. Therefore, the government should closely combine all aspects of scientific and technological innovation with the popularization of science and technology, regard the popularization of science and technology as an important mission and responsibility of the government, strive to break the public's superstition of science and technology, unveil the mystery of science and technology, and make science and technology go out of the ivory tower, step off the altar, enter the people and go to the society to ensure that independent innovation and scientific and technological development always serve the fundamental interests of most people.

Yang of Shanghai Academy of Science believes that government innovation should be oriented to independent innovation and serve the construction of national innovation system. In view of the bottleneck problem in the allocation of scientific and technological resources, government management departments must pay special attention to the lack of effective resource allocation mechanism in the management and regulation of scientific and technological investment, change the management system of scattered scientific and technological investment, and establish a unified mechanism for planning, coordination and resource allocation of scientific and technological investment.

Dr. Yang Xuedong from the Institute of Contemporary Marxism of the Central Compilation Bureau combed the general theories of governance reform and technological innovation, and based on the analysis of three cases: secret canvassing room (learning technological innovation), clean government account (applied technological innovation) and government online (adaptive technological innovation), put forward a basic framework for analyzing technological innovation in local governance reform. He believes that in the reform of local governance in China, local governments need to gain more room for innovation. Technological innovation is always a means to realize system reform, and establishing a good system is the fundamental purpose of local governance reform.

Internal resource constraints and external social environment of government innovation

Li Lingling, a doctoral student at the School of Government Administration of Peking University, believes that after the introduction of the market economy, the autonomy of the government has not disappeared, and the rapid development of the market economy does not necessarily bring the same strength to social forces. Government and reasonable public policies play an important role in the coordinated development of economy and society. The success of the government is more important to social development than the success of the market. In the process of guiding and regulating the market and society, China government has been exploring and realizing the innovation of government management.

Wang and Wang Yu, Research Center of Applied Law of Heilongjiang Academy of Social Sciences, believe that government reform is a functional adjustment aimed at adapting to the comprehensive development level of economy and society. Because the comprehensive level of economic and social development has the characteristics of stages, the government reform must also have stages. While adapting to the economic and social development, local governments should first take the analysis of the regional economic situation as the premise of the reform plan. Only by objectively understanding the economic situation of the region can local governments play a role in safeguarding and promoting the development of regional productive forces. To this end, the reform of local governments should not only conform to the central principles and policies, but also break through the consistency in form to ensure that the economic development and productivity of the region have more local characteristics.

Dr Yang Xuedong of the Central Compilation Bureau pointed out in his speech that economic equality and democracy are related, and economic development and political development are not necessarily synchronized. For example, Guangdong, which is economically developed, has not formed the inherent requirements of democratic reform despite its large amount of foreign capital. In addition, some participants held that the innovative social environment is related to the maturity of civil society, the participation of the media will also promote the development of political democracy, and the supervision, openness and transparency of the media will promote the maintenance of civil rights.

Scholars attending the meeting also paid special attention to the problems that should be paid attention to in government innovation during the discussion. Professor Li suggested that attention should be paid to the continuation and expansion of China government's innovation achievements. The innovation of China government should avoid "fireworks phenomenon" and "bonsai phenomenon", that is, it will not die out because of the adjustment or replacement of * * *. If innovation is to be held one after another, it must be expanded horizontally and vertically, from point to surface, so as to produce greater social effects. He took the small government reform in shishi city, Fujian Province as an example, and the "democratic forum" in Wenling, Zhejiang Province was silent because of the replacement of * * *, warning people to pay attention to the continuation and expansion of the innovation achievements of the China government.

Ma Jun, a professor at Sun Yat-sen University, said that the situation of the American government in the late19th century gave an important inspiration to the current China government innovation, that is, through the local government budget reform, the government's innovation reform was completed. He suggested that the ruling party should intervene in management at the beginning of the whole budget and realize the rationalization of the budget. Taiwan Province scholar Wang questioned this. He believes that it is still a question whether the ruling party has the ability to intervene or rationalize the budget. Because political parties are not professional government machines.