This article is comprehensive and recommended.
Ancient city pool: 800 years of wind and rain
Signature of the author: Laowu
First, look for the memory form of the ancient city pool.
Upstream-midstream-downstream: the three-level gap in the physical geography of the Yangtze River. Anqing is located in the downstream and is the gateway to the 800-mile Wanjiang River. East, west, north and south: the azimuth coordinates of national administrative geography. Anqing is located in the north of the Yangtze River and in the southwest of Anhui, an ancient oriental civilization. It is the only ancient city pool on the north bank of the Yangtze River (formerly Hankou to Nantong). In other words, it is both downstream and upstream. It is called East and West, South and North at the same time. It is such a city. Do you find it strange?
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Many years ago, when walking in Ximen Old Street, you often saw several city bricks, and the words "Jiading Ten Years" (12 17) or "Shaoding Renchen" (1232) were embedded in the external walls of residential buildings. Nowadays, if you are interested in going to the city museum, or visiting the scholar Mr. Hu Jiqiao on the street of Taiping Temple, or going to the backyard of the private house where the owner of the antique city is located on the street of workers and peasants, you will see many things engraved with ancient bricks and rubbings, which have been remembered by people for almost seven or eight hundred years. The ancient city wall haunted for many years seems like a distant dream. When I saw this "city", there were walls, gatehouses, pavilions, fences, passes and so on. Disappeared, the concept of "city" disappears, leaving only a tangible "city", which makes people yearn for the future and linger. For me, the demolition of the 1958 ancient city wall has become an untouchable memory. Only by assimilating and absorbing rural literature and integrating and innovating the word-of-mouth handed down by a large number of sages can I have the opportunity to communicate with every generation of old city walls and every old brick.
In the hustle and bustle of the city, I often cycle around the city alone, hoping to find some shadows of the old city. Every time from the Zongyangmen shopping mall at the southern end of Yicheng Road to the north, it passes through Zongyangmen (East Gate), Dasha, Xiaosha, Jianshe Gate (Linghu Gate and Xiaodongmen), and then goes west through the small north gate of Linghu South Road (one of the city gate caves, located at the north gate of Shuangjing Street, and the exit gate reaches the National Anhui University in the Republic of China). Further east at Yulin intersection, you seem to see Zhengmen (Baguamen, Ximen), Yuhongmen, Jinbaomen and Tonganmen, but you don't realize that you came to Jiang Yan West Road through Haolu, Ximen Ferry, all the way east, passed Zhenhaimen (Shengtangmen and Nanmen), arrived at Kangjimen (Xiaonanmen) and crossed the port. These 13 city gates (including two city gates and a city gate hole) were all wall buildings from the Yuan Dynasty to the Republic of China, but which city gates were there in the Song Dynasty when the city was under construction?
It was a winter 787 years ago. After nearly a year of intense construction, Anqing City Wall was successfully completed. Its circumference is 65,438+03 steps 9 miles, the wall is 2 feet high, 7 feet wide and 3.5 feet wide at the top, with soil in the middle, blue bricks on both sides to the top, and 3032 crenels on the top. The area inside the wall is converted into 2.7 square kilometers, and the city is slightly round. There are five gates on the city wall: Zongyang Gate in the east; Southeast, Kangjimen; South, the gate of the Tang Dynasty; Silla looked at the door; North, Jixian Gate. Based on this calculation, the starting time of Anqing's city construction is 12 17, that is, the decade of Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty, which was called "Song Cheng in Shankou" or "Anqing Old Town in the Southern Song Dynasty" in history.
The above five gates changed the prehistoric state (12 17 years ago) of Guijiaofang Gate in Tucheng Shanzhai, Anqing City, and built a solid brick stone coupon gate with two-story cornices. Five doors were named in the early Southern Song Dynasty. After several generations of wars, construction, demolition and natural disasters, the location, appellation, style and function of the city gate have changed greatly, as mentioned above. It should be mentioned that Wanguan Gate, located between the east, the west, the north and the south, was one of the six gates painstakingly managed by Yu Que (1303-1358) in the Yuan Dynasty. A few years later, it was destroyed by the insurgents and lasted until the early Ming Dynasty. Gradually banned, the style of Wanguanmen is no longer ... I just visited the old town of Anqing for a week today.
In order to get more information about the ruins of the ancient city wall, I walked around the old city clockwise (previously counterclockwise), and now I feel its quaint cultural atmosphere. As far as I can see, I choose some interesting stories to share with you: the word "Zongyangmen" carved on the East Gate wall was written by Bao (1775- 1855), a famous calligrapher in the Qing Dynasty, and each word is about 66 cm in diameter. I saw a couplet hanging high on the gate: "The sea of clouds has experienced ups and downs, and listening to the morning bell of the wild temple is like a dream; I can't talk about the magical changes in ancient and modern times, but I have a bright moon that shines for thousands of years. "This was written by Peng Yulin, governor of the late Qing Dynasty (in office 1862). Not far to the west is Kangjimen, and there is a plaque on the door: "Jiangguo Fengqing", which was given by Tuoyong, the governor of Anhui Province, during the reign of Qianlong (176 1 year). Further on, I saw Zhenhai Gate with a forehead named "Haimen Tianzhu"-its meaning originated from the stone carving of "Haimen No.1 Pass" in Xiaogushan in Yuan Dynasty, and later generations took "Haimen Sunset" as one of Anqing 12 scenic spots. According to this, some writers have extended it to the allusion of "Qin Shihuang crossed Zhu" in Historical Records: "The sun is setting, the waves are rippling, and the sails seem to come from the sun. "However, Wang Shizhen (1526-1590) sailed across Anqing in the Ming Dynasty. Faced with such beautiful scenery, he said that Anhui City is surrounded by mountains and the waves are rough. There are mountains inside and outside the city, and its name is amazing. In front of Zhenhai, tourists stopped unconsciously, only to see another couplet hanging on the tower: "The sunset shines on Haimen, and the Jade Emperor cries willow several times;" When the moon crosses the city gate, flowers will rob the fishing boat. "Looking back, familiar with the past, unconsciously passed the west. I saw four big characters on the door of Jixian County in the north of the city: "Yicheng natural barrier" (see below for details). Looking up, I got an old saying: "Looking at Longshan from afar, Xiongguan is a thousand miles away; Near Dengfeng Que, there are tens of thousands in Jiangtou Ancient County. "Standing on the ruins of Jixian Gate at the end of Beizheng Street, looking east, my thoughts slip through Longshan Road in Anshiyuan, turn to No.2 Middle School, and go south ... Is it feasible to collect more couplets from the ancients, follow the trail, and" seek skin with hair "(the reverse thinking of" Mao must not be attached ") and find the remains of ancient buildings with couplets on the pillars? In the absence of physical information, you might as well give it a try! Sure enough, we found several ancient buildings on the city wall through the ink road carved by Mr. Bai, an expert in China couplets. Not far to the east of Rose Fairy Gate is Huanghua Pavilion, which is built on the ancient city wall in the north of the city. It used to be the bell tower of Anqing House, but it was destroyed in the Republic of China. There are couplets on the pavilion, so you might as well borrow a song: "A few loud noises shake the mountain, and a ten-mile wind sends the fragrant rice." "Between No.2 Middle School and the Health School, another Baihua Pavilion was found, which was built in the northeast corner of the city wall. It should be noted that "this pavilion is not another pavilion", it is not the "Baihua Pavilion" in today's health school, nor the two "Baihua Pavilions" described in "Hundred Years of Anqing", it is a conjoined building on the city wall, so it is introduced. Regrettably, this pavilion has been destroyed by the war of Taiping Army, and it is a new work of later generations. When I returned to Zongyangmen in the east of the city, I got another pavilion while reading couplets. I didn't feel ecstatic when I remembered less historical materials. This couplet is very popular: "Eight thousand winds will set the four directions, and one river will carry Qian Fan steadily. "When I saw the Liansi Pavilion, it fell on the wall on the north side of Zongyangmen (now the south side of Yingjiang District Committee Building) and was named Cai Huage, which was demolished in the late Republic of China.
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Two or three years of city construction history
/kloc-At the beginning of the 3rd century, the Northern Jin Army invaded south on a large scale, breaking Gwangju and forcing Ezhou. There were many policemen along the way, and the situation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was very tense. Anqing had not yet built a city. At that time, there were only two tuchengmen, one in Wankou (5 Li away from Shankou Town, Huaining County) and the other in Yichengdu, Tang Sheng Bay (now Anqing City). The distance between the two city gates is 15 Li. 12 17 years, in order to resist the southward Jin army, guarding Anqing, the gateway of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, became the strategic focus of crossing the river southward in the Southern Song Dynasty. The soldier ZF stationed in Anqing decided to build a brick city for war preparedness at Wankou (Shankou), which was called "Anqing Old Town in Southern Song Dynasty" in history. 14 years later, 123 1 year, "Anqing Old City" moved eastward from Wankou to 15, and a brick city was rebuilt in Yicheng, which was called "Anqing New City in Southern Song Dynasty" (today's urban area). Some of the bricks used in the "new town" were removed from the "old town", some came from temples and other buildings around Wankou, and some were fired by local kiln factories ... In the process of building the city in Anqing, around 1236, the Mongols came, and the ZF people and citizens of Anqing abandoned the city and once moved to Luo Cha and Yangzhazhou in Guichi, the eastern suburbs. A few years later, the situation was slightly settled, and people returned to Yicheng capital one after another. The new city ZF once again set off a new round of city-building movement. ...
1260, Ma Guangzu, the highest military and political chief of Anqing, rebuilt the city wall on the site of "New Town" (now the urban area). In today's words, his title is: Chief Military Defense Officer along the Yangtze River in Jiangnan East Road, and as Plenipotentiary Commissioner for Reclaiming Land in Hexian, Wuwei and Anqing under the Ministry of Industry. The initial construction of Anqing City, from Huang Gan to Maguangzu, followed by waves, from 12 17 to 1260, was completed for 43 years. At the same time, it became the location of two levels of ZF in Huaining County and Anqing City in Song Dynasty and the "bridgehead" of the western line of Lin 'an (now Hangzhou), the capital of Southern Song Dynasty, and its military strategic position became increasingly prominent.
In this way, Anqing City experienced six dynasties: Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing, Republic of China and New China. Until 1958, the old city wall was demolished in a large area, and its actual survival time was calculated as 698 (1260- 1958), plus the "built in the first 43 years of the Southern Song Dynasty" Forty-six years have passed since 1958, and Anqing was born in 787 (12 17-2004).
Third, the creator of "Anqing Speed"
At the beginning of urban construction, we didn't know the intelligence and wisdom of those sages, their organizational structure, management methods in wall construction, construction team and project progress. But we want to know more. For more than 700 years, history has not been forgotten. It indirectly recorded the initial high-speed city-building movement, so let's analyze it.
According to the survey, in the Southern Song Dynasty more than 700 years ago, the national population was only 27.85 million. In order to build the old city of Anqing in the Southern Song Dynasty, in the past year, 5,000 soldiers and civilians were mobilized and 20,000 migrant workers were requisitioned, totaling 25,000 people, accounting for almost one thousandth of the national population! Think about it, what a huge project it is-
Of these 25,000 people, 5,000 are soldiers and civilians. They farm fields and are paramilitary organizations. In their spare time, they farm and practice, go to the front line in wartime or transport or build military projects. They are assigned to rob and build Anqing Strategic Arms City, and each of them will participate in urban construction for at least 90 days. The 20,000 migrant workers who have been requisitioned according to their families and land properties will take turns to get off work every day, with no rest time. In summer, everyone can rest for six days every month, rest for half an hour at noon, and halve it after autumn.
Their leadership and management methods are very meticulous and meet the requirements of scientific and standardization, and they are still widely used in all aspects of production management. Namely: management in place, implementation to people, subcontracting and step-by-step control. They take into account the working ability of civil servants at all levels (including demobilized personnel and demobilized personnel) transferred, seconded and hired by various departments, form a strong leadership team, and then decompose the members of the "team" into 18 management units (excluding directors and deputies), which are implemented separately, coordinated with each other and closely cooperated. How to understand the specific management dynamics? We might as well understand the management methods of Jiancheng by analyzing their organizational structure.
Huang Gan (1152—1221), commander-in-chief of Zhucheng, mayor of Anqing, director of the Bureau of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce.
Xiang Qiang, deputy commander-in-chief of Zhucheng, Zheng Qipin, first deputy mayor of Anqing City, director of the Bureau of Culture and Education.
Zhao Shanbu, inspector of Section A of Zhucheng Management Office, county magistrate of Huaining County. Qin Shihuang, inspector of area B of management office, is a judge of Anqing Public Security Law from Jiupin. Detective Zhao Shanxian, Class C, is the captain of Interpol from Anqing Bapin Branch. Inspector Wang Li of Group D, second deputy mayor and secretary general of Anqing. Zhang Xizhi, inspector of Section E, is the director of the management committee of Zongyang Town (municipality directly under the Central Government) from Bapin. Inspector Chai Guoan of Group F, 28th military attache, director of the Bureau of Religious Affairs of Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province. Li Qi, the 35th military attache, is the newly established Minister of Armed Forces of Taiping Prefecture. H inspector Zhao Shili, captain of the fire brigade of Bapin Anqing Police Force. Inspector of the Ministry of Industry wearing equipment, 43-level military attache, battalion commander of Taihu Customs Defence Camp. Inspector Yu Zhou of Section J is a civil servant in Huaining County, Anqing City. K inspector Chen Rong, a national registered scholar; Alternate officer Wang Ren, a supernumerary national scholar. Section l inspector Xiang Gongrong, local editor, guest.
The above is the person in charge of dividing the fortification wall into 12 section (division). They exercise the duties of inspectors, are responsible to the commander-in-chief and deputy commander-in-chief, and are directly assigned by the fortification headquarters. In addition, there are six specialized fortified raw material supply offices, engineering departments and chief engineers. For example, Bu Shifu, the inspector in charge of the supply of wood, bamboo, firewood and charcoal, is the first deputy director of Southeast Road, a military attache in Anqing City (the administrative title is equivalent to the title of deputy commander-in-chief of Zhucheng). Yang Chuan, inspector of brick and tile production management, director of politics and law of Anqing City from Bapin. Yu Longli, supervisor of the municipal brick and tile firing management office, is a supernumerary scholar. Murong Shun, Secretary of the General Command, and Minister of Treasury and Grain Supply, and ZF, Secretary-General from susong county, made a product. Yin Chun, the company commander of the trench directly under the General Command, is the unified management department of brick burning in Chizhou. Wang Xian, the company commander of the barracks department directly under the General Command, is an engineer of a certain unit of Huainan East Road (Yangzhou) Military Region. Chief Engineer Zhang Chaozong, 43rd Military Attaché, Minister of Armed Forces of Anqing City.
In this way, between 18 management offices (departments), the project quality and the project (work) progress are mutually supervised and coordinated, and the general headquarters is the authority to solve the contradictions between various departments (departments) and reward and punishment, dispatch, supervision and supervision. At the same time, it plays the role of connecting and making up for the artificial cutting caused by the subordinate relationship between 18 work units. On the 300th anniversary of the founding of the city, even the centenarian mother-in-law and her family came to thank her. The affinity of men, women and children and the scientific organizational structure have made the city-building army work hard. Before 787, there was no mechanical power at all, and human resources were still very important. This construction team in the Southern Song Dynasty set the "Anqing Speed" in the ancient history of China!
A brief history of urban construction in the four or six dynasties
The "Old Town" and "New Town" of Anqing in the Southern Song Dynasty built under the leadership of Huang Gan were destroyed by war in a short time. The "Anqing speed" created by tens of thousands of people collapsed in front of the war machine, because people fled their homes and abandoned the city walls in a hurry for their own safety. Later historical facts prove that under certain historical conditions, when people are inside the wall, the "human wall" will join hands to reject the war outside the wall; In other historical conditions, the separation of "human wall" is always hurt by war and even natural disasters.
Throughout the history of urban construction in the Six Dynasties, it can be summarized by the word 10: "Build, descend, water, repair, burn, fight, moon, cut, tear down and protect".
Jian: This city was built in the Song Dynasty. As mentioned above, it is not redundant.
Surrender: the surrender city in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty.
A.D. 1275, Fan (? -130 1), for fear of the yuan army, prepared wine and surrendered to Kublai Khan's book Bo Yan, the left prime minister of Jiujiang, and gave Anqing Gongshou to the yuan army. 1956 In April, Fan's coffin tomb was unearthed at the Qipanshan Sugar Factory site in the urban area, and people had a chance to see the "respect" of the capitulators.
Water: Water City in Yuan Dynasty.
1353- 1356, Yu que, the supreme governor of Anqing city in Yuan Dynasty, and Han Jian, the overseer, organized the military and civilians to dig three long trenches to draw water around the city for the first time. The first trench leads north from Zongyangmen Bridge to Jixian Gate and discharges from the Great Lakes. The second ditch turns from Tongan Bridge to Taiping Temple, bypasses Baguamen, and joins Zongyangmen long ditch via Zhenhaimen and Kangjimen. The third ditch flows from the First Pharmaceutical Factory and Dekuan Road to Nanzhuangling, and from the textile mill to the Great Lakes. In addition to the three trenches, there is also a wooden fence, which heightens the city wall to 20 feet 6 feet, and the moat is as deep as 10 feet. There are six three-story watchtowers around the city wall, which strengthens the military defense ability of the city wall.
Xiucheng: Xiucheng in Ming Dynasty.
There are many records about repairing cities in Ming Dynasty. The first time happened at the end of Yuan Dynasty, because Zhu Yuanzhang was the founding emperor of Ming Dynasty, so it was counted as "Ming Dynasty". Before Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, he once attacked the city and abandoned it. 136 1 August, after Zhu Yuanzhang conquered Anqing again, he changed Anqing Road in the Yuan Dynasty to Ningjiang House in the early Ming Dynasty, and later renamed it Anqing House, which ordered Chang Yuchun to repair Anqing City Wall. 1374, Zhu Yuanzhang built a large-scale project in his hometown of Lin Hao (Fengyang), and all the proposed projects were donated to more than 300 cities nationwide1374, and nearly one million soldiers and civilians were used to build the "Imperial City". Under its influence, Zhao Haode, the magistrate of Anqing, and Yan Qi, the magistrate of Huaining, also ordered a comprehensive overhaul of Anqing City Wall in order to show their achievements. On the city brick of this museum, there is a relic of Duan Hongwu's seven years, which is a craftsman who worked in the sea (1374). After 1390 and 1539, Anqing city wall was also repaired to a corresponding extent. 1622, the city wall was overhauled again. 1957, when the city wall was demolished, a batch of city bricks engraved with the words "made in the second year of apocalypse" (1622) were found, which confirmed this point. In the early years of the Republic of China, a Ming Dynasty monument was found in Linghu Teahouse, which read "Yicheng natural moat". In front of the monument, the full name of the city official is engraved: "An imperial envoy ordered Anchi and other places to supervise arms and control money and grain, and the right to participate in the investigation was awarded to Shi Kefa; Zhi Li Anqing Zhifu Pi Yingju; Tongzhi Kang Liangxian; Pass the sentence □□□□□□□; Xue Zhiyuan, the official; Huang, order of Huaining County. Nine years in Chongzhen, auspicious. " According to the textual research of the older generation of scholars in our city, such as Jiang, Jin Xingcun and others, during the eight to nine years of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1635- 1636), Li Zicheng and Zhang moved to Anqing counties, and Shi Kefa, Pi Yingju and Huang strengthened the weak points around the city, especially the towers around the north gate. In order to prevent the cavalry from breaking through, a wooden fence was built along the moat outside the city wall ... After the completion, this "Yicheng natural moat" monument was erected on the gate of Jixian County (later moved to Linghu Lake, that's all).
Burning: the burning city in the early Qing Dynasty.
In April of A.D. 1645, Zuo Menggeng, the son of Zuo Liangyu, a great guard in the late Ming Dynasty, left Wuchang and camped at the gate of Anqing. On the seventh day of the seventh day, Anqing City was broken, and the moat was burned to the ground. Five watchtowers on the city wall were also burned down. "There was a mutiny in the city and all parties were set on fire." Anqing satrap knew that Wang Zhixin was killed, and Fu Mengbi, the magistrate, pushed the officer. In the firelight, Anqing City was burnt and suffered heavy losses. Surprisingly, Zuo Menggeng surrendered to the Qing army within a month because of his father's sudden death. When the Qing army entered the city in June, it drove the prisoners of war to repair the city wall ... Five years later, the number of battlements of the city wall was increased from every four in the Song Dynasty 1, and a total of 758 were built. There are 5 towers, 16 forts, 6 fire pharmacies, 16 nest shops and 238 towers on the city wall, and many guns are built around the battlements.
Battle: The Battle City of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
Over the years, whether official or unofficial, scholars and villagers have written about the "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Anqing Defence War", which has become a household name. This paper wants to make a slight decline in the matter of "fighting the city"
During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the city was divided into two parts: the front part was occupied by the Taiping Army and the back part was guarded by the Taiping Army.
Besieged city:1In the early morning of February, 853, Taiping Army Zeng Chunfa led 50 pioneers to enter the city by ladder and opened Kangjimen, Zhenhaimen and Baguamen. Taiping Army took advantage of the situation and killed Governor Jiang, taking all kinds of materials and 189 Qing cannons. On September 25th of the same year, Shi Dakai, the king of Wing, led 6,000 people to Anqing, raised the city wall by five feet, and closed the main gates in the east, west and north, leaving only the Jikang Gate in the south. Soon, a half-moon castle was built outside Zongyang Gate, and a small door was opened to communicate with the outside world. Fort Yingjiang Temple and South Gate were built one after another, and watchtowers were erected inside and outside the city. Tucheng is built in the north gate, Huanghua Pavilion and Mashan Line are built in the west gate, which is called "Zicheng" in history. Eight years later, Zeng Guofan entered the city and demolished it.
Guarding the city:1in March of 860, Ceng Guoquan led 10000 people to attack Jixian Pass, and Zeng Guofan set out to make a siege plan. At that time, the Qing army marched around Anqing one after another: Deputy Commander A Infantry 10,000, Li Xuyi Bravely 10,000, flanked by infantry and cavalry guerrilla divisions 6,000, Zeng Guofan and Hu Linyi 65,438+100,000, plus thousands of navy divisions led by Yang Zaifu and Taiping Army led by Wei Jun, totaling more than 50,000 people. The Qing army cooperated step by step with land and water, and deployed to complete the siege of Anqing city on August 2. In this situation, the two armies confronted each other for 18 months. The Qing army dug two ultra-wide and ultra-deep trenches outside the northwest gate, with a total area of 70 Li. On the surface of Linghu Lake, more than 200 small wooden boats of Taiping Army were defeated, and more than 200 armed rafts of Taiping Army were expelled from the estuary of Anhui Province. Four major battles were fought with Taiping Army such as Chen Yucheng, and the small and medium-sized battles were 100, which cut off the contact between the military and civilians in the city and the outside world. Therefore, after the war, Ceng Guoquan was nicknamed "Zeng Tietong"-describing that he surrounded Anqing City like an iron drum. In the end, the city ran out of ammunition and food, and the Taiping Army fell into a desperate situation. 1861August 16, another Taiping Army, Cheng Xueqi, captured three camps outside the north gate and presented Ceng Guoquan with a plan to dig tunnels at the foot of the wall of Xima Mountain City. On September 4th, the tunnel was dug. On the 5th, at 4 a.m. (around 8 a.m.), the traitor Cheng Xueqi led his disciples to climb up from the northwest wall along the tunnel and put on explosives. "There was a loud bang and the wall was torn open by dozens of feet. Masonry and mud soared into the sky with the smoke, and the Qing army roared into the city from the gap ("Anqing Story, Anqing Defence War"). After the Qing army entered the city, more than 20,000 men, women and children were killed and headless bodies floated on the river. Even the two foreign ships, the Governor and the Carthage, were blocked and it was difficult to move forward. The siege of the Qing army cost 1.7 thousand Jin of gunpowder and 500 thousand rounds of lead bullets, and the siege time was 1.8 months. The offensive and defensive battles inside and outside the city were unprecedented, and the city sobbed in the blood rain. The trauma caused by human war is also difficult to describe. ...
Moon: Moon City in the late Qing Dynasty.
186 1 September 1 1, Zeng Guofan entered Anqing, and at the beginning of the next year, he decorated the ruined city wall. At the same time, a new Moon City was built from the vicinity of Guojiaqiao (namely Sifang City) opposite Mashan in the northwest to the riverbank, and two gates of "Jinbao" and "Yuhong" were opened on the Moon City. 1894, Governor Nie was in Tonganmen, south of Jinbaomen. According to the survey, Yuecheng covers an area of 0.95 square kilometers. Together with the old city, the total area of the city is 3.65 square kilometers. At this time, Anqing City, after more than 600 years of repeated construction and the moon city straightened to the west, has changed from a round city in the Song Dynasty to a square city in the late Qing Dynasty.
Cut: cut the city in the Republic of China.
When history entered the Republic of China, great rivers and mountains were divided into "hills" by many warlords. Anqing old city has not been spared. The city wall was arbitrarily divided by the government and the people, and the Japanese bombed and invaded. Near liberation, the old city became a knotted snake.
When municipal roads were built in the early 1920s, that is, the entrance of Renmin West Road in front of the gate of the municipal hospital, a gap was opened in the wall of the old city for people and cars to pass through. The wooden fence door is nailed at the opening and opened regularly, which is called the "big gate".
1922, when Xu Shiying was the governor of Anhui province, the official opened a door at the foot of the "Little East Gate" of Baoshan Temple (the left side of today's health school gate) and named it "Linghu Gate". This door has a door without a building, and it was soon renamed as "Jianshe Gate". 1930, in order to welcome the 4th Central China Games to be held in Anqing, the municipal authorities opened a road in the east of the city on 15, and named it Huazhong Road. The west end of the road is the mouth of the city wall, and the gap of the removed city wall is the same width as the subgrade (12m), so it is called "small gate" when it is connected with Xiao Su Road. 1932, Wu Zhongxin, chairman of the Kuomintang government in Anhui Province, erected an archway at the gap of "Dazhazi" and wrote an inscription on its west side: "Everything is a task" (meaning that everything in the world is a task). 1934, Liu Zhenhua, chairman of the Kuomintang provincial government, wrote four words on the other side (east) of the Dazhazi archway: "Dazhui Wheel" (meaning of the founder). At the same time, a number of city bricks were burned, and the words "Anqing Military and Civilian City Defense Committee was built in 23 years of the Republic of China" were embedded in them to repair some gaps in the east and northeast of the city to prevent the Red Army from coming from the buried hill. Before this 10 year, the city wall roots of the stadium were sawed into zigzag "cat holes" by citizens who cut corners ... According to a map of Anqing, the moon city above has completely disappeared, and there are 2 1 sections between the old city frame and the large and small passages outside the city (including gates and gaps), with an average of 200 to 300. The biggest feature of the old city in the Republic of China is: dividing-whoever is willing to make holes is willing to divide.
Demolition: the demolition of cities in the 1950s.
As we all know, the 1950s was a turbulent time. What "cadres work on weekends" and "Communist Youth League members volunteer to work", as well as the "patriotic convention" of the residents in that street, the "challenge book" of activists (including groups and individuals), etc., the communist lifestyle of "Saturday volunteer work" of the big brother of the Soviet Union infected everyone, as long as it stumbled out of the historical dust, it was regarded as the feudal remnants of old China and. "Two imperial cities in Beijing have been demolished. What are we waiting for? "As a result, a large group of people flocked to the city wall, waving shovels, hoes and rakes. People carried their hands and pulled carts. Broken, used to pave the road base; Well, take them home, whether to build a tile house or a small steelmaking furnace, or to build a pigsty by repairing the courtyard wall. All the bricks have been demolished. How much soil is left? Take what you can, and push what you can't to the nearby moat. Ho ho! The wall fell, everyone pushed! In 1950s and 1960s, materials for road construction were very scarce, and many pavements were paved with wall bricks. So, how many "brick roads" were there in the urban area of that era? According to the author's preliminary statistics, there were 9 roads paved with brick ballast at that time, with a total length of 5050 meters. In addition to the brick ballast road recorded in writing, there are also the transformation of small streets and alleys, the compaction of the house foundation yard, and the volume of landfill ditches. This is not exactly known. " Dismantling the tower is like digging me a piece of meat, and peeling the outer city brick is like peeling me a layer of skin "(1957 Liang Sicheng). If I can't get it back, the ancient wall on my head is blue brick! Soul, peace, the Wanjiang civilization I summoned in ancient times!
Bao: the contemporary Bao city.
There is a long-standing debate about the "demolition and preservation" of the existing ancient city walls in contemporary China. There are famous ancient architecture experts Liang Sicheng, Lin and Chen Zhanxiang, president of China Cultural Relics Society Luo, academician Wu of the two academies, cultural celebrities Zheng Zhenduo, Yu Pingbo, Feng Jicai, Lao She, and international architect I.M. Pei. The ancient city walls and buildings in China will be protected from destruction. Another expert on ancient architecture, Hua, former Beijing Mayor Peng Zhen, Vice Mayor Wu Han, CPPCC members, Chen Gongpei, Liu Dingwu and others all advocated that "the old city wall should be demolished". The demolition of Beijing City Wall is related to the fate of more than 0/000 ancient city walls in China/KLOC. The State Council's Prime Minister Zhou Enlai was thinking ... when Mao Zedong, the supreme leader of the Republic, spoke. 1958 1, in Nanning, at the14th Supreme State Conference, Mao Zedong said, "I am not comfortable with houses in Beijing or Kaifeng. Antiques can't be bad or too good. For Beijing, it is a political issue to tear down the archway and make holes in the city gate. " "The walls of Nanjing, Jinan and Changsha have been demolished very well. It is best to turn the old houses in Beijing and Kaifeng into new houses." At the Chengdu meeting in March, Mao Zedong said: "Beijing should tear down the city walls like Tianjin and Shanghai." . 1958 April 14, Zhou Enlai conveyed the spirit of the the State Council conference and put forward: "According to Chairman Mao's instructions, Beijing's urban landscape will be completely changed in the next few years" (the above paragraph is quoted from Wang Jun, the reporter in charge of Xinhua News Agency, and The Story of the City by Sanlian Bookstore in June 2003). Since then, the whole country has set off a wave of socialist city construction, and the ancient cities inside and outside Beijing have been demolished on a large scale ... overnight, the news spread all over the country, and the bosses in Shanghai, Nanjing, Tianjin, Beijing, Jinan and Changsha have all been demolished. What are "little brothers" waiting for? So is the whole country, and so is Anqing. So, there was the climax of the demolition of 1958 Anqing ancient city wall mentioned earlier ... Now, I.M. Pei warned in an interview with Wang Jun, president of Xinhua News Agency: "Don't tear down the city wall! The ideal is to leave the city inside and the high-rise buildings outside, which is what Paris did ... 1950, Beijing lost a good opportunity, and ZF gave up the development model of separating the old from the new proposed by scholars such as Liang Sicheng, and simply took the transformation of the ancient city as the development direction. In this process, it is wrong to tear down the city wall and build a ring road, which makes the development of the city lose control and continuity. " It's about Beijing, but Anqing is also involved. The debate on "demolition and preservation" also took place in Anqing ... In Anqing, through the efforts of a generation of rural sages and people from all walks of life, the two sections of the ancient city wall of Anqing were finally preserved as they are:
An ancient city wall, 230.5 meters long, is located in Yuhong Street in the west of Sifang City. The wall is uneven and the damage is uneven; The height is 7 meters, the lower part is only 1.9 meters, and the wall width is 0.6 ~ 0.7 meters. The ladder modified by later generations is divided into three sections: 66.5m, 7 1 m and 93m. Only after a lapse of two thousand years, this section of the city wall has been beyond recognition due to heavy rain, artificial development and the erosion of the surrounding artificial environment.
The other section is the northwest wall combination part of today's "Anhui Second Prison", which is about 45 meters long and 5.2 meters high. The section is trapezoidal, with a lower width of1.6m and an upper width of 0.6m..
The crenels on the two walls no longer exist, and there is no uniform and perfect jointing. It is gratifying that last year, developers developed residential buildings around Yuhong Street and Sifang City into beautiful residential groups. With the attention of the major media in the city, the developer has completely restored the ancient city wall of Yuhong Street, and together with "Yu Hong Men", crib mouth and beautiful jointing, they are re-presented to the contemporary citizens in their original colors. In February this year, Anqing Daily reporter Yang Leiping pressed the shutter for it, leaving its beautiful shadow in history forever.