Hongquan
Hongquan originated in Zhou and Qin Dynasties, became famous in Tang and Song Dynasties, and prevailed in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is an important branch of China Han Wushu and an important part of China culture. Hongquan is the mainstream school of local boxing in Shanxi, Shaanxi, southern Hebei and northern Henan. It is famous in Wulin for its rich content, varied routines, comprehensive techniques, coexistence of morality and art, support and chopping as the mother, hook and stick for use, brilliant incarnation, sharp legs and skillful hitting. Red Boxing is widely spread, including Yuhong, Longhong, Chuanhong, Dianhong, Jinhong and Lu Hong, especially in Guanzhong area.
On June 7th, 2008, Hongquan was approved by the State Council to be included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
Introduction to Red Boxing
Red boxing, known as Shaanxi local boxing, is practiced by many people in Shaanxi, regardless of age. It is unimaginable that the popularity is not as good as that of Shaanxi.
Hongquan is a martial arts school with a long history, rich content, self-contained system and wide popularity, which is deeply loved by the broad masses of the people. However, due to the long-term influence of emphasizing literature over martial arts and strict selection and transmission, there are few monographs handed down from generation to generation, and one or two of them are too rough. So far, there are few discussions at home and abroad on the historical origin, characteristics, content, the relationship between the edge of boxing and the scope of boxing. Moreover, the precious red boxing technique is in the hands of a few elderly boxers. If the excavation is lost, it will be difficult to find places of interest and there will be the danger of death. In order to comprehensively study the development of Wushu in China, clarify the mistakes made by Hong and Hong, root out the source and inherit this boxing school, what is the author's basis? Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend? Principle, based on years of accumulation, is established? Chaodiu, Yexun? In the summer of 1980, an investigation was made on 57 famous artists from more than 30 counties and cities in Guanzhong area and ten provinces (Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Sichuan, Hubei, Anhui, Henan and Shanxi). Or check the local chronicles of the state government to find out the spreading mistakes, or copy the inscriptions to correct the truth of the learners, or read the historical books to reveal the reasons for the changes, or visit the Boxer Rebellion to see the ancient and modern legends, or shoot traditional routines to record the true appearance. In this paper, the characteristics, content, history and development, basic training, stick technique and? Red? 、? Hong? Differences, etc., explain the point of view and discuss with readers.
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The main content of red boxing
There is no record of the conception and naming of Hongquan. According to teachers' rumors, using it means beauty and prosperity. There is another name in boxing, in the name of the dragon? Gaojia? , said to chuan? Zhao Jia? What about Yu? Jia Xi? . Based on the specific history, culture, customs, geographical location and the results of people's long-term practice, the content and characteristics of Hongquan are different from other kinds of boxing. First, the main contents can include two types of boxer's confrontation and routine sports forms and four aspects: plate, method, potential and reason. Pan, basic training of traditional red boxing? Top ten achievements. Method, that is, mob tactics (note 1). There are hundreds of strange hands, such as five tigers and sheep, six fans, bees picking flowers, eight rows of hands, nine rows of hands, twelve hammers, nine fists for the mother and son, and a boxing program for the thugs. Door, learn from each other, learn from each other, and form a complete system of Hongquan beaters. The situation, that is, the routine, is based on the big and small red boxing, and is based on the Erdao red boxing, Kansai red boxing, Kanto red boxing and Yueming red boxing. It is called 36-way (set). There is also a boxing sequence (set) in Daquan, which has absorbed more than 100 foreign countries and boxing departments. As for the instruments used, long soldiers mainly use guns and sticks (such as Liuhe big guns, single-headed and double-headed mother-child sticks and yin-handed pipa sticks), and the total number of routines is as many as 70, that is, boxing theory. There are special articles (such as five songs of Red Boxing Fighter), and there are routines, action names and fighter points in the book. From this point of view, among the martial arts schools in China, Hongquan is a kind of boxing system with rich content and its own system.
The main characteristics of red boxing
According to the boxing spectrum, there are five kinds.
1. When the branch is cut as the mother, the eight methods will be changed. The methods of supporting and splitting are beating and splitting. Eight methods, supporting, chopping, hooking, hanging, winding, blocking, touching and lifting. If the word is supported, there are single and double left and right, and the number of clouds is cut. Chop is inseparable, and then double chop, axillary chop, broken head and single fork, step by step. Boxers and routines of Hongquan show the characteristics of "supporting and splitting" and "changing eight methods" everywhere (as common sense, the most common potential method in gloves is the most core and basic potential method that constitutes the characteristics of this boxing, and so is Hongquan).
The situation is excellent and prosperous. As for its positive posture (static posture), Wu Yong and Xiong Qiang are powerful, supporting, skirts, protruding, leaning against the mountain, flying obliquely, poking, finches, earthworms, separating the palm of God, beating tigers, punching in the opposite direction, hanging pictures, sealing doors, exploring the sea with hags, and lying like a stone Buddha. On its beauty (action) and agility, there is a tendency to wrap around the waist, play with the waist, hold the arm and pull the drill to the center. Gold, look in the mirror, hold the sky, contain columns, show saints, lock your mouth, hold your head, and have a high ear. Swallows hold mud, bird mud, wear curtains, bird land, take off boots, pull onions and hold plates, including bamboo shoots. Cyclones are also low-lying foothills, which are unique and interdependent. Those who are full of flowers are based on eight groups of potentials, and the laws are interlocking. Hanako group has a steady pace, with arms and heads in both hands, like a leaf in full bloom, but its size is different. There are many moves in one step, such as chopping hands and hitting arms, slapping beards, imposing manner and a chain of ten ring. In the horizontal racket group, there is a trend of horizontal racket, such as hanging hands and changing cheeks, releasing hands and winding waist, and locking the mouth with fists. The leg method group has obvious ups and downs, sharp turns, hand-wrapped feet, back guns and submarine whirlwind legs. Typical postures include shaking the head and waist, shaking the arms and wrists, which are described as the skirt-blocking postures of chicken legs, dragons' bodies, phoenix tails and tigers' heads (the postures of imaginary hook and bright palms) and so on.
3. The body is flat and long-range, and the potential is soft. It emphasizes two special postures of bare fist (flat body and sparrow body). Stand up, that is, change your arms sideways and twist your waist and hips. Is it described as a fighter using a running fist? There are arms but no arms, there are arms without arms, there are arms without arms, and you can't see arms with your hands. Why don't you explore weapons anymore? . Can teach teachers to blow the wind of strengthening boxing. Birds bend down to show softness, and take them up and down to show dexterity.
4. Flash, leap and play skillfully. In boxing, there is a tendency to go straight into the middle and attack the middle, but there are many ways to box and play the side, and one after another.
5. Brittle and quick, but long and soft. In this case, Biegao and Xing have their own strengths.
General situation of Hongquan development
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the economic development, Wushu was added to the old Wushu system, and wars (defensive wars and peasant uprisings) and associations broke out, which effectively promoted the infiltration of military skills of various armed groups and the frequent exchange of Wushu techniques, and set off a nationwide upsurge of Wushu exchanges. This wave of fierce agitation eventually became an irresistible development torrent of the ruling class, showing a prosperous situation in which a hundred schools of thought contend and ushered in the heyday of Wushu development history. It is an era when boxing masters or people who are good at one skill teach and support themselves, or elaborate their works, or combine and coexist with rich speciation systems, or create new ways. One of the 20 Boxers who knitted guns and sticks by Qi Jiguang and He Er; Huang Baijia wrote a special article, and later generations will know the two factions; Law Shaolin, the work of stick process has surpassed ploughing; Gun Emei, arm spirit Wu Hao detailed record; The method of fine pin to footwall pushes the cross autumn alone; The form, meaning and gossip of Tai Chi spread to the inner family; Two swordsmen from Qi Fei collided with each other, and Cheng Chun's four swords were exquisite because of Wu Feng's paintings. Secret Ssangyong, Wen Shu's ingenious literal map, looks like nine out of forty; On the introduction of Eight Doors Palm into the West and the fan have the same effect; The number of paper money in Qing Dynasty is eleven, which is called ten. The rest, it's hard to describe. The origin of red boxing is Guanzhong, and the left and right dragons are the places to control things. Boxing has been passed down from the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and has penetrated into the hinterland of the Central Plains eastward, with Luo Song bearing the brunt. The court contains? Master Jue Yuanda traveled to Bai Yufeng, Lanzhou and other places in Shaanxi, and entered the temple to teach techniques such as bare fist, cudgel and capture? . This is the beginning of Hongquan's departure from Gansu to Sichuan. Red boxing in the Ming Dynasty? Ding jiaquan? It can be seen that this name has great potential to compete with Kanto Boxing. Until the Qing dynasty? Big and small red boxing, Kansai boxing? I see it. Masters come forth in large numbers, and celebrities come forth in large numbers. There are Song Zuo Zuo, Historical Records of Fengxiang and Guo Chong of Yaozhou in Qianlong. Between the salt and the salt, out of Guanzhong? Three three? (that is, Sanyuan Yaozi Senior Three, Lintong Black Hu Xing San, Tongguan Hungry Tiger Su San), Hongquan was a great success. Senior three is the best. Because he is a sperm player, he has a reputation of flying legs. Travel around Kanto, learn from others' strengths, and become one (communicate with Yan Qing, Jumping Legs, Six Fighters, Shaolin, Di Lie, etc. ), which made him famous. Guan Zhong studied under the Gaos in the field of Far Red Boxing. Xing San, a clansman, learned the footwork of Nine Fists and Eight Diagrams, was good at supporting clouds and relying on mother and son sticks. Lux Zhou Bin, a close friend of Shaolin, returned to Shaanxi with a gun and a walking stick. He is also a Liuhe sharpshooter, and the more powerful Xianyang is called a sharpshooter. Together with Xingping Hou Pingxi and Li Jingyang, he handed down three branches, which have been passed down to this day. Deng who went to Pingliang, San, Chang Jinxiu in Weinan, Cai Shunyi in Qishan and Fu Feng were all famous figures at that time.
The Historical Origin of Hongquan
China Wushu has a long history and is an important part of China traditional culture. Shaanxi Guanzhong is the seat of the ancient capital of thirteen dynasties in history, the birthplace of Chinese civilization and the center of politics, economy and culture in history. The preserved martial arts boxing is very rich. According to the history of China Wushu, sparring routines appeared in the Qin Dynasty, and were first popular in? Sanjie? , that is, today's Shaanxi Guanzhong area, near Chang 'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty. This is the earliest record of Guanzhong Boxing. According to records, at every victory celebration in Ying Zheng, the king of Qin and the samurai? Beat the skin into drums? In the artillery boxing routine of Hongquan series? Shoot? , related to this. In the Song Dynasty, it was called Jia Xi Boxing, and at the end of the Song Dynasty, it was called Hong Boxing. Qi Jiguang in the Ming Dynasty
Red boxing is very popular in the five northwestern provinces, with a strong cultural color in the northwest. Red boxing originated in Guanzhong, including? In the Yuan Dynasty, a master from Jue Yuan went to Bai Yufeng and Lanzhou, Shaanxi Province, and entered the temple to teach bare fist, cudgel and capture? This is the beginning of Hongquan's crossing through Gansu and Sichuan customs. Red boxing in the Ming Dynasty? Ding jiaquan? See the names in; What is included in Ming Wang Qi's General Examination of Continuing Literature? Jia Xi boxing? ; His usual boxing posture? Earthworms? 、? Stop the skirt? Wait, there is a tendency to go hand in hand with Kanto Boxing. In the Qing dynasty? Big and small red boxing, Kansai boxing? I see it. Use? Red? The name of boxing takes its meaning of beauty, auspiciousness and Excellence.
Outstanding figures of modern Shaanxi Red Boxing: General Hu Jingyi, commander-in-chief of Shaanxi Jing, deputy commander-in-chief of the National Revolutionary Army and commander of the Second Army, military inspector and governor of Henan. During his studies, he became a disciple of Gao Jiaquan under the guidance of Jin Zhong, the third disciple of Gao Zigao. The soldiers of the Northwest Army practiced more red boxing. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, officers and men of the broadsword team of the Anti-Japanese Volunteers also practiced more red boxing.
Introduction of red boxing characters
1, Li Zicheng, Hongquan (1606- 1645) Zi Hongji, a native of Liqianji Village, Mizhi County, Shaanxi Province. When I was young, I was cool and addicted to red boxing. I practiced red boxing, riding and shooting, and single-knife. When he was young, he led the post-pawn uprising and joined the peasant uprising army led by Zhuang Wang Gao Yingxiang. After Gao Yingxiang died, all the soldiers supported Li Zicheng and were honored as Li Chuangwang.
2. Sun Shoufa (? 1647), the word Wu Sheng, was originally a guerrilla under Cao Wenzhao in the late Ming Dynasty. Sun Shoufa is brave and good at fighting, and makes good use of iron whip, so it is in the history books? Iron whip Sun Shoufa? Number. In the battle of drug supervision village in Xing 'an Prefecture in the fourth year of Shunzhi, 10 many Qing soldiers were killed by iron bars and died here. Meng qiaofang, governor of Shaanxi province, also specifically mentioned this arrest in his memorial to the Qing court? Iron whip one? .
3. Liang Huafeng, from Chang 'an County, Shaanxi Province, is young, good at boxing and addicted to boxing. History:? In May of the 16th year of Shunzhi, Zheng Chenggong entered the Yangtze River on a large scale, broke Zhenjiang in June, and arrived at the gates of Jiangning in July. On 23rd of Qing Dynasty, Liang Huafeng was defeated by Zheng Chenggong, and fourteen people including Gan Hui were captured and killed. 10, Zheng Chenggong returned to Xiamen. Liang Huafeng was awarded the title of Prince of Taibao for his meritorious service in rescue. ?
4. Yin Huahang (1644? 17 10), the word Xiru, originally from Qinshui County, Shanxi Province, fled the war in the late Ming Dynasty and moved to Jinli Village, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, and changed his surname to Yin. He spent most of his life fighting on the battlefield, and he was outstanding in quelling the San Francisco rebellion and conquering Galdin War. He was a big star in the Kangxi period. I have studied red boxing since I was a child, so I can read the art of war. In the fourth year of Kangxi (1665), Wu Jinshi was appointed as the garrison in the eighth year, and Taiwan Province Province and Xiangyang were the company commanders of Ningxia.
5. Li Lin, whose real name is Gong Zhen, was formerly from Yan 'an, and later moved to Licheng Jiabao, Hongquan Old Town, Ma Quan Town, Xianyang. Master of Red Boxing, during the Qianlong period, pacified San Francisco and Jinchuan rebellion. Because of his courage, skill in double swords and repeated meritorious deeds, he was given a plaque by Gan Long.
6.Duan Yongfu (? 1842), a general of the Qing Dynasty, was born in Chang 'an, Shaanxi, and his ancestral home was Xiang Liang. When he was young, he learned red boxing with extraordinary muscles and took part in suppressing anti-Qing rebel organizations in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Chu provinces. In the early years of Daoguang, following Yang's rebellion, he personally captured and rebelled against the head of the rebel army, and served as governor, garrison, general, prefect of Guangxi and prefect of Zhejiang.
Hongquan cultural heritage
The 9th inheritor exchange meeting of Hongquan Ziyang Cup, a national intangible cultural heritage, will be held in Xi 'an Anyou University Gymnasium on the evening of June 5438+1October 2. There will be more than 600 inheritors from 60 teams.
Millennium Red Boxing has become the best-preserved traditional martial art in China, known as China Wushu? Living fossil? It contains the cultural elements of Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang dynasties. According to Shao Zhiyong, Secretary-General of Shaanxi Hongquan Culture Research Association, this exchange meeting is a large-scale, diverse and rich exchange activity organized by Hongquan inheritors and workshops all over the province. According to the investigation of Hongquan inheritors by Shaanxi Hongquan Culture Research Association in recent years, there are nearly 100 kinds of Hongquan routines and more than 40 sets of various equipment routines.
Secretary-General Shao said that due to these characteristics, Hongquan Culture Research Association will start Hongquan's application for world intangible cultural heritage. It is reported that the third Hongquan Cultural Academic Research Association will be held during the conference.