Her parents are William Edward Nightingale (1794–1875) and Francis Fanny Nightingale Smith (1789–1880). William nightingale was originally named William Edward Shore. His mother Mary Ney Evans is Peter Nightingale's niece. According to Nightingale's will, William Shore not only inherited his Leigh Hearst estate in Derbyshire, but also used Nightingale's name and weapons. Fanny's father (Florence's grandfather) was the abolitionist william smith.
From 1837' s experience in Emberley Park and her later life, Nightingale was inspired by her sacred call and devoted herself to nursing. This shows her enthusiasm and is also a rebellion against the role that women in her position expect, that is, to be a wife and mother. In those days, nursing was a profession with a bad reputation, which was mainly held by poor women and "diners" who followed the army. In fact, nurses can also be cooks. Nightingale announced her decision to enter the nursing profession in 1845, which aroused strong anger and pain from her family, especially her mother.
She cares about the poor and the poor. 18441February, because the death of a poor person in the London workhouse became a public scandal, she became the main advocate to improve the medical service in nursing homes, and immediately gained the support of Charles Villier, then chairman of the Poor Law Committee. This enabled her to play an active role in the reform of the poverty relief law, far beyond the scope of providing medical care.
On 1846, she visited Wilt, Kaysers, and learned more about the pioneering hospital established by Theodore Flidner and managed by the Lutheran Deaconess. She was deeply impressed by the quality of nursing and the commitment and practice of the deacons.
Politician and poet Richard moncton Milnes, Baron 1st Horton, once courted Florence Nightingale, but she turned him down, thinking that marriage would hinder her from engaging in nursing work. 1847, when she recovered from the mental breakdown caused by the continuous crisis of relations with Milnes in Rome, she met Sidney Herbert, a brilliant politician, who served as wartime secretary (1845–1846), and he will hold this position again during the Crimean War. Herbert was married, but he and Nightingale were soon attracted to each other, and they became lifelong close friends. Herbert facilitated her work in Crimea and nursing field, and she became an important consultant in his political career. She refused Milnes's proposal against her mother's wishes.
Nightingale also has a close relationship with Benjamin Jowett, especially when she considered leaving money in her will to set up a professorship of applied statistics at Oxford University. [ 1]
Nightingale's nursing career began at 185 1, when she received a four-month training as a deaconess in Kaysers Voss. She was trained despite the strong opposition from her family, which involved the risks and social impact of such activities, as well as the Roman Catholic Foundation of the hospital. When she was in Voss, Kaysers, she reported her most important and intense experience of divine calling.
On August 12, Florence Nightingale took the post of Dean of the College of Nursing for Female Patients in Upper Harley Street, London, and remained there until 10/854. Her father gives her an annual income of. 500 pounds (about $50,000/? At present, it is 25,000 pounds), which enables her to live comfortably and pursue her career. James joseph sylvester is her mentor.
[Editor] Crimean War
Florence nightingale's most famous contribution is that during the Crimean War, when reports about the terrible situation of the wounded began to return to Britain, the war became the focus of her attention. 126, she and 38 female volunteer nurses trained by nightingale, including her aunt May Smith, were sent to Turkey (under the authorization of Sidney Herbert), about 545 kilometers from Balaclava, Crimea, where the main British camp is located.
Nightingale arrived in Scutari at the beginning of 1854 1 1 (now? Skü dar in Istanbul). She and her nurses found that in the face of official indifference, overworked medical staff gave poor care to the injured soldiers. Drugs are in short supply, hygiene is neglected, and large-scale infections are common, many of which are fatal. There is no equipment for processing food for patients.
Nightingale and her compatriots began to thoroughly clean hospitals and equipment and reorganize patient care. However, during her stay in Scutari, the mortality rate did not decrease; It started to rise. The death toll will be the highest among all other hospitals in the area. During her first winter in Scutari, 4,077 soldiers died there. Soldiers who died of typhus, typhoid fever, cholera and dysentery were ten times as many as those who died of battle wounds. Hospital conditions are fatal to patients, because of overcrowding, defective sewers and lack of ventilation. In March 1855, the British government had to send a health committee to Scutari. Almost six months after florence nightingale arrived, the committee washed the sewers and improved the ventilation. The mortality rate has dropped sharply.
Nightingale still believes that the death rate is caused by malnutrition and insufficient supply, as well as overwork of soldiers. It was not until she returned to England and began to collect evidence from the Royal Military Health Committee that she began to believe that most soldiers in the hospital died because of poor living conditions. This experience influenced her later career, when she advocated that healthy living conditions were very important. Therefore, she reduced the number of deaths in peacetime and turned her attention to the sanitary design of hospitals.
[Edit] Return to Home Page
1 1857 On August 7th, florence nightingale returned to England as a heroine. According to the BBC, she can be said to be the most famous Victorian after Queen Victoria. Nightingale moved from her home in Clayton, Buckinghamshire, to Burlington Hotel in Piccadilly Street. However, she has a fever, probably because she was infected with a chronic brucellosis ("Crimean fever") during the Crimean War, and may be accompanied by chronic fatigue syndrome [need to quote]. She keeps her mother and sister in her room and seldom leaves.
At the invitation of Queen Victoria-although confined to a room-Nightingale played a central role in establishing the Royal Army Health Committee, and Sidney Herbert became the chairman of the Committee. As a woman, nightingale could not be appointed as a member of the Royal Commission, but she wrote the report of the Commission of 1 000 pages, including detailed statistical reports, and she played an important role in implementing its recommendations. The report of the Royal Commission led to the overhaul of the Army military vehicle E, and established the Army Medical College and the Army Medical Records Integrated System.
[Editor] Late career
When she was still in Turkey, 18551kloc-0/on 29th, a public meeting commended Florence Nightingale's work in the war, which contributed to the establishment of the Nightingale Nurse Training Fund. Generous donations poured in. Sidney Herbert is the honorary secretary of the fund, and the Duke of Cambridge is the chairman. Florence Nightingale is also regarded as the pioneer of the concept of medical tourism, because she wrote to the spa in Turkey from 1856, detailing the health status, body description, diet information and other vital details of the patients she instructed there (it is much cheaper there than in Switzerland). She is obviously instructing patients with low incomes to receive affordable treatment.
To 1859 nightingale already? She allocated 45,000 pounds from the Nightingale Fund to establish the Nightingale Training School in St. Thomas Hospital, July 9, 1860. (It is now called Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, which is part of King's College London. The first batch of trained nurses Nightingale began to work in the infirmary of Liverpool workhouse on May 6th, 2006. She also carried out activities and raised funds for Roy Al Buckinghamshire Hospital in Ailesbury near her home.
Nightingale wrote Nursing Notes, which was published in 1860. This is a thin book with 136 pages, and it is the cornerstone of the curriculum of Nightingale School and other nursing schools. Nursing Notes is also popular among ordinary readers, and it is considered as a classic work of introduction to nursing. Nightingale will spend the rest of her life promoting the establishment and development of nursing specialty and organizing it into a modern form.
Nightingale's work inspired nurses in the American Civil War. The federal government asked her for advice on organizing a field medical team. Although her ideas met with official resistance, they inspired the volunteer group of the American Health Committee.
1969, nightingale and elizabeth black will founded the women's medical college.
By 1882, nurse nightingale was playing an increasingly important role in embryo nursing, and her influence was increasing. Some people have become head nurses in several first-class hospitals, including St. Mary's Hospital in London, Westminster Hospital, St. Mary's Bonn Workhouse and the incurable hospital in Putney; And the whole UK, such as Royal Victoria Hospital and Netley Edinburgh Royal Hospital; Cumberland Hospital; Royal Liverpool Hospital and Sydney Hospital in New South Wales, Australia.
Queen Victoria awarded Nightingale the Royal Red Cross Medal. 1907, she became the first woman to be awarded the medal of honor. On 1908, she was awarded the honorary freedom of the city of London.
By 1896, nightingale was bedridden. She may suffer from what is now known as chronic fatigue syndrome, and her birthday is now celebrated as International CFS Awareness Day. During her bedridden days, she also made pioneering work in the field of hospital planning, and her work quickly spread throughout England and the world.
She died on 8 13, 19 10. Her relatives refused to be buried in Westminster Abbey, and she was buried in the cemetery of St. Margaret's Church in East Willow, Hampshire
[Editor] Contribution to Statistics
Florence nightingale showed a talent for mathematics since she was a child, and under the guidance of her father, she did well in this subject. She is particularly interested in statistics, and her father is a pioneer and an expert in the emerging field of epidemiology. She has widely used statistical analysis in the compilation, analysis and display of health care and public health statistics.
Florence nightingale's Chart of the Causes of Death in the Eastern Army. Nightingale is a pioneer in visual presentation of information. She used a pie chart, which was invented by William playfair in 1965. After the Crimean War, Nightingale used the polar map, which is equivalent to the modern circular histogram or rose map, to illustrate the seasonal source of patient mortality in the military field hospital she managed. Nightingale called this compilation of charts "Oxford and Cambridge", but later the term was frequently used for a single chart. She used coxcombs extensively to introduce the nature and seriousness of medical conditions in the Crimean War to parliamentarians and civil servants who could not read or understand traditional statistical reports.
In her later years, nightingale made a comprehensive statistical study on the health status of rural life in India, and was a leader in introducing improved medical care and public health services in India.
In 1858, Nightingale was elected as the first female member of the Royal Statistical Society, and she later became an honorary member of the American Statistical Association.
[Editor] Contribution to Literature and Women's Movement
Although nightingale's contribution to medicine and mathematics is more widely known, she is also an important link in British feminist research. During the period of 1850 and 1852, she has been struggling with her self-definition and her family's expectations of upper-class marriage. When she tidied up her thoughts, she wrote some suggestions for the seekers of religious truth. This three-volume book has never been completely printed, but a chapter called Cassandra was published by Ray Strachey in 1928. Strachey wrote it into The History of Women's Movement. Obviously, writing serves the original purpose of sorting out thoughts; Soon after, nightingale left school and went to Kaiserworth Deaconess College for training.
Cassandra protested that women were too feminine to be almost helpless, as nightingale saw in the sleepy lifestyle of her mother and sister, despite their education. She rejected their reckless and comfortable life of serving the world in society. This job also reflects her fear that her ideas are invalid, just like Cassandra's. Cassandra, the virgin priest of Apollo, received a sacred prophecy, but her prophetic warning was ignored. Elaine showalter called nightingale's works "an important text of British feminism and a link between Wollstonecraft and Woolf" [3].
[Editor] Legacy and Memory
Young florence nightingale's lasting contribution is her role in establishing modern nursing specialty. She has set a shining example for nurses everywhere who are full of compassion, committed to patient care, diligent and thoughtful hospital management.
In many ways, her attitude towards health management is very "modern", especially towards results and statistical measurement.
The work of Nightingale Nursing School continues to this day. There is a Florence Nightingale Museum in London, and there is also a museum specially built for her in Clayton's former residence. The Nightingale Building in the School of Nursing and Midwifery of Southampton University is named after her. International Nurses' Day is celebrated on her birthday every year.
Several churches in the Anglican Church commemorate Nightingale with festivals on their worship calendars. The same is true of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the United States. On August 6th (438+03), they commemorated Clara Maas as a social renewal.
Airline KLM named one of their MD- 1 1 in her memory. [3]
Three hospitals in Istanbul are named after nightingale: F. N. Hastanesi in? Me? Li (the largest private hospital in Turkey), Metropolitan F.N. Hastanesi in Gayrettepe, Avrupa F.N. Hastanesi in Mecidiyek? All these belong to the Florence Turkish Heart Foundation.
During the Vietnam War, Nightingale inspired many American Army nurses and aroused her interest in her life and work. Her admirers include Country Joe in Country Joe and the Fish, and she has set up a huge website for her honor. [4]
Agostino Gemelli Medical Center in Rome [4] is the first university hospital in Italy and one of the most respected medical centers in Italy. In recognition of Nightingale's contribution to the nursing industry, it named its own wireless computer system for auxiliary nursing as "Florence bedside" [5].
The nightingale crown on the surface of Venus is named after her.
There are many foundations named after florence nightingale. Most of them are nursing foundations, but there is also the Nightingale Research Foundation in Canada, which is dedicated to the research and treatment of the chronic fatigue syndrome that Nightingale is considered to have.
There is a psychological effect called Florence Nightingale Effect, which makes nurses and doctors fall in love with their patients.
The US Air Force has a fleet of 20 McDonnell Douglas C-9A Nightingale aeromedical evacuation aircraft.