Extended data
Orchid (scientific name: cymbidium? Subspecies): Epiphytic or terrestrial herb with several or more leaves, usually located at the base or lower node of pseudobulb, in two rows, banded or rarely oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, with a broad leaf sheath around the base and a joint. There are several flowers in the raceme, and the colors are white, pure white, white green, yellow-green, yellow-yellow, yellow-brown, yellow, red, cyan and purple.
Orchids among the traditional famous flowers in China only refer to some terrestrial orchids distributed in China, such as Cymbidium hybridum, Cymbidium hybridum, Cymbidium hybridum, commonly known as "China Orchids".
This orchid is very different from tropical orchids, with large flowers and bright colors. They have no conspicuous brilliance and huge flowers and leaves, but they have a simple, quiet, elegant and noble temperament, which conforms to the aesthetic standards of orientals. It has been cultivated in China for more than 1000 years. ?
China people have always regarded orchids as a symbol of nobility and elegance, and they are called "Four Gentlemen" together with "Plum, Bamboo and Chrysanthemum". Usually, "Zhang Lan" is used to describe the beauty of poetry, and "Lan Jiao" is used to describe the truth of friendship. There are also orchids that express pure love;
"If you are angry, you will not change your mind", "Find friends in the orchid, and Xiaoxiang will give you dreams". 65438+May 0985 Orchids were rated as four of the top ten famous flowers in China.
plant culture
city flower
Since ancient times, our people have loved orchids, cultivated orchids, recited orchids and painted orchids. The ancients once praised "it is better to watch flowers than to watch leaves". People appreciate the fortitude of orchids, which is based on vegetation, does not compete with others, is not afraid of frost and snow bullying, and is persevering.
"Lanzhi was born in a deep valley, not because there is no one, but because it is not fragrant." Orchids have always been regarded as a symbol of nobility and elegance, and are called "four gentlemen" together with plum blossom, bamboo and chrysanthemum.
1987, orchids rank fourth after plum blossom, peony and chrysanthemum. Orchids were selected as city flowers by Baoding City, Hebei Province, China, Longyan City, Fujian Province, Yilan City, Taiwan Province Province, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province and Baoshan City, Yunnan Province.
Main value
enjoy
Orchid is a unique flower with high ornamental value. Orchids are elegant in color, mostly light green and yellow-green, and those who are plain-hearted are precious. The fragrance of orchids, clear but not turbid, is fragrant in a pot in the room. "Two or three kinds of hand-ploughed Lanrui, warm wind two open; I don't know if Xiang is not in the room after sitting for a long time, but when I push the window, butterflies fly. "
This poem by the ancients vividly shows the delicate fragrance of orchids. Orchids are dignified and graceful, and some are elegant and changeable. The leaves of orchids are bright green all year round, and they are both rigid and flexible, with beautiful posture. Even if it doesn't bloom, it is like a living work of art. ..
"Crying exposed, including the wind shadow from oblique; The laity is not as good as watching Ye Sheng and flowers. " This poem is used to describe the beauty of orchid leaves.
Put a few pots of orchids in the room and you will feel that business is full. When the flowers bloom, the fragrance of generate will make you feel full of vitality and relaxed.
eat
Orchids are fragrant and mellow. Orchids are mostly used for making tea, and can also be used for smoking tea. You can also cook soup and other dishes. ?
officinal
According to records, all orchids can be used as medicine. It is flat, pungent, sweet and non-toxic. Has the effects of nourishing yin and moistening lung, promoting diuresis and moistening dryness, and clearing away heat and toxic materials. Can be applied to clinical internal medicine and gynecological diseases. Roots can cure tuberculosis, lung abscess and sprain, and can also set bones; Orchid pedicel can cure tinea.
Jianlangen decoction is said to be a powerful pharmacognosy promoter. Leaves can cure whooping cough and lung qi deficiency (one is liver qi), fruits can stop vomiting, and seeds can cure nebula. Bluegrass can cure gynecological diseases; Chunlan whole grass cures neurasthenia, ascaris and hemorrhoids. Orchid petals can be fertile. The heart-shaped petals of cymbidium can also be dried in the shade.
cultivation techniques
Divided basin
After the pots are full, they should be divided into pots every 2 to 3 years 1 time, and it is appropriate to divide pots in early March to April (Qiu Lan) or10 ~165438+1mid-October (Xia Lan and Chunlan). When dividing pots, the soil should be dry.
If it is wet mud, it is inconvenient to operate, and it is easy to break roots and get injured. After the mother plant is turned out, gently remove the soil, wipe it according to the natural plant, trim the broken roots and residual leaves, and be careful not to touch the leaf buds and fleshy roots.
Then wash the roots with clear water and put them in the shade. When the roots turn white and dry, they can be split into pots. If the weather is getting wet, you must bask in the sun for about 10 minutes, which is beneficial to the growth of orchids.
Shangpen
A flowerpot with a small mouth, a deep pot and a big bottom hole is better. Newly dug Shan Ye seedlings must be planted in earthen pots, and they can be replaced with purple sand pots or porcelain pots after 2-3 years. First, cover the hole in the bottom of the basin with mussels and brown slices. , and thicken sand, cinder and charcoal into steamed bread, accounting for about 1/3 of the capacity. The added culture soil is about 3~5 cm thick.
Generally, no base fertilizer is added. Then put the orchid into the pot, arrange the roots densely, add the mixed fine soil until it is 2~3 cm away from the pot, and gently lift the orchid. The height should be based on the level of the upper end of the pseudobulb and the soil surface, not too shallow or too deep. Gently press the soil in the basin to make the soil in close contact with the roots, and then compact it around the basin with your fingers to avoid cavities when watering.
If the top layer is covered with moss or broken tiles, watering is not easy to cause hardening and reduce water evaporation. The first watering adopts the method of sitting in a basin to make the basin absorb enough water. Finally, put the potted orchids in the shade for about half a month to 1 month. During this period, we should control the moisture and not be too wet. In the future, it will be placed in a semi-cloudy and semi-sunny place, and it will be ventilated in the morning to bask in the sun.
The height of the basin platform should be about 1 m, and it should not be placed on the platform to prevent ants and earthworms from entering the hole at the bottom of the basin and affecting the growth of orchids. The culture soil can be the first layer of hillside soil on the mountain, or it can be a 3:7 mixture of fine sand and loam, with 30% humus compost. Culture soil should be screened and disinfected before use.
Fertilize soil or land
Not if you don't give it, not if you give it more. For example, orchids grow in pots, and the soil in the pots is too fat to survive. Even if they can survive, they rarely bloom. If too much fertilizer is applied in summer, the leaves will flourish in autumn, which often leads to poor flowering of the leaves in the next spring.
Too little autumn fertilizer will affect the formation of underground flower buds at the turn of autumn and winter. If there is too much nitrogen fertilizer on weekdays and the leaves are too fat, so that the growth and nutrition of leaves and flowers are out of balance, they will not bloom or bloom less.
Generally speaking, new leaves and buds can be applied several times with a small amount of light fertilizer. About 20 days after the vernal equinox and autumnal equinox and the flowers wither, both are more suitable seasons. The best fertilization time is at night, and the next morning, 1 times water is poured.
Every 2-3 weeks 1 time. At the same time, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time is sprayed every 20 days to promote the flowering of pregnant buds. Fertilization according to the color of leaves is a more appropriate method. If the leaves are yellow and thin, they are short of fertilizer and should be topdressing. If the leaves are black and the tips are brown, it means that they are too fat and fertilization should be stopped. Fertilizer must be decomposed, and it can't be used without decomposition, so it is forbidden to use human feces.
water
Practice has proved that orchids are dry in eight parts and wet in two parts, and less watering is needed during flowering and budding. In the rainy season, you should move back indoors or build a shed to shelter from the rain. There should not be too much water in the early morning or evening in summer, and the amount of water can be increased appropriately in autumn. In dry season, spray every evening.
Spray upwards when spraying, so that the fog spots are fine and uniform, so that the leaves are wet, the ground is wet and the air humidity is increased. Sometimes it's best to spray it several times a day and water it from the side of the basin, not on your head or at noon.
Although watering can be greatly reduced in winter, it is not without watering. Be careful not to let the basin soil dry completely. Watering in late winter and early spring will damp the leaf sheath, and then move it indoors after drying to avoid rot.
In short, the principle is to water when it is dry, stop when it is wet, and do it properly. It is best to use rainwater and spring water. All kinds of water should be taken and stored in the tank first, so that the pollutants in the water can precipitate, the water temperature is normal, and the chlorine in tap water can escape and then be poured out.
References:
Orchids. Baidu baike