In June of the eighth year of Xining (1075), Han Qi died suddenly in Xiangzhou at the age of 68. Song Shenzong wrote a tombstone for him in "plain clothes Crying Garden": The two dynasties established the country. Dedicate your loyalty, give official orders, and enjoy the Temple Court in Song Yingzong, so as to prepare for extreme decline and glory.
Anyang has 50 volumes of books. The Song Ci recorded four words.
A brief introduction to the life of Han Qi, a politician in the Northern Song Dynasty
Early experience
Han Qi was born on the second day of July in the first year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1August 5, 2008). According to Han Qi's epitaph, his ancestral home is Zanhuang County, Hebei Province. According to "Quanzhou Prefecture Records-Figures-Official Records", Han Qi was born in the North Building of Quanzhou, where he was born in Korea (now under the protection of Quanzhou Cultural Management Committee). During Song Jingde's reign, his father Han Huahua married his maid and gave birth to Han Qi. Later, he moved to Xiangzhou with his father Korea and became a native of Anyang (now Henan). Father, Korea, Hua Lei, official to the right, advised the doctor. When Han Qi was three years old, her parents died and she was raised by her brothers. She is slender, self-reliant and ambitious. It's not easy to play with people who are silent. Pure sex, innocent music, profound knowledge.
catch sb's attention
In the fifth year of Tiansheng (1027), Han Qi was a scholar in the year of weak crown, ranking second. He was awarded as a supervisor and sentenced to Zizhou (now Shandong). Go to Zhiji Yuan Xian and supervise Zuoku.
In September of the first year of Jingwu (1034), he moved to Kaifeng to promote officials. In December of two years, he was transferred to the position of Chief Justice and awarded Dr. Taichang. Three years in August, thanks to the right teacher.
During his three years as an admonition officer, Han Qi dared to make suggestions face to face and talked about it. Nothing was convenient, and he said it without hesitation. Every time, I was swayed by considerations of gain and loss, honest and honest, and kept away from evil. I worked hard for more than 70 times, especially in the first year of Baoyuan (1038). At that time, disasters occurred frequently and refugees appeared in large numbers. The prime ministers of the dynasty, Wang Sui and Chen Yaozuo, as well as Han Yi and Shi Zhongli who participated in politics, were at a loss. Han Qilian's four people were mediocre and incompetent, hurting the 80-year-old Taiping inheritance of Chen Dynasty, and they must not sit idly by and destroy it. As a result, four people were dismissed on the same day, which is the so-called piece of paper fell on four people's heads, and Han Qi suddenly became famous in Beijing.
He also severely criticized the social atmosphere of paying for goods, asking for help because of industry, taking chances, upside down rewards and punishments, impunity, and Jue Lu's inability to persuade him to make meritorious deeds. He suggested that Song Renzong first cut the floating expenses within the imperial court and forget everything. The famous king once praised him, saying: If you dare not speak today, you will be more afraid. How can we make up for it? As you said, it can be said that it is to the point and not pedantic.
In the second year of Baoyuan (1039), the drought in Sichuan was severe and the number of hungry people increased greatly. Han Qi was appointed as a two-way envoy. After he arrived in Sichuan, he first reduced taxes, drove away corrupt and incompetent officials and eliminated hundreds of redundant staff. Then he distributed all the grain in the regular warehouse of the local government to the poor, and set up thick porridge in various places, saving as many as 6.5438+0.9 million hungry people. Shu people are grateful to say: the messenger came, and I was born again.
Send troops to Xixia
Shaanxi, which is adjacent to the Xia Dynasty, has been in a tense situation since Li Yuanhao, the leader of Xixia Kingdom, surrendered to the Song Dynasty and openly opposed the Song Dynasty. As soon as Han Qi returned to Beijing from Sichuan, he made a detailed analysis of the border situation in Shaanxi to the imperial court, and was immediately appointed as the special envoy for peace in Shaanxi. When I arrived in Shaanxi, I saw that exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous taxes were heavy and the people were poor, so I was exempted.
In the first month of the first year of Kangding (1040), Hao Yuan besieged Yanzhou (now Yan 'an, Shaanxi Province), and the garrison commander and Shi were defeated and captured in Sanchuankou (now Ansai East, Shaanxi Province). Fan Yong, who was guarding Yanzhou, was demoted to his post, and Han Qi boldly recommended Fan Zhongyan, who was falsely accused of introducing cronies and was demoted to Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). In the memorial of Shang Renzong, he said: If friends are involved, they are nationals. In May, Han Qi and Fan Zhongyan were appointed as Shaanxi appeasement deputy envoys, acting as Xia Song's deputy. Han Qi presided over Jingyuan Road and Fan Zhongyan presided over ~ Yan Road.
The three men had different opinions on Xixia's strategy of fighting. Han Qi's tough attitude, the main strategy, and Xia Jun decisive battle, think it is difficult to support, financial constraints. Besides, although Yuan Hao invaded the country, there were no more than forty or fifty thousand people. I am heavily guarded and weak, and I am exhausted when I meet the enemy. If you are close, you will advance together, and if you are arrogant, you will be lazy. Fan Zhongyan, on the other hand, insisted on peace talks, opposed hasty attacks, advocated lasting defense, attacked with the convenience of strengthening armaments, and disapproved of offensive warfare going deep into enemy-occupied areas.
Xia Song couldn't decide, so he sent Han Qi and Athena Chu to Bianjing, and presented the two strategies to the court, asking Injong to decide for himself. Renzong fantasized about solving the problem in one fell swoop, so he decided to adopt Han Qi's attack strategy, and sent a letter to Yanqing and Jingyuan to jointly attack regularly in the first month of the first year of Li Qing (104 1), which was later changed from Fan Zhongyan's request to spring warmth.
Be defeated and demoted
In the spring of the first year of Li Qing, Yuan Hao deceived Song Jun and was caught by Han Qi, waiting for an opportunity to attack the Song Dynasty. He said to his subordinates: those who ask for peace without an appointment are also seeking. The generals were ordered to defend themselves strictly. In February, Hao Yuan led an army of 654.38+ 10,000 troops to attack Weizhou (now Pingliang, Gansu Province), which matched Huaiyuan City (now Guyuan West, Ningxia). When Han Qi heard the news, he sent a general Ren Fu to lead eighteen thousand troops, with Sangzhou as the pioneer, to resist and stop. Before he left, Han Qi gave Ren Fu a chance and ordered them to go around Xia Jun's back. Call if you can. If you can't fight, ambush them according to the risk and cut them off. I have repeatedly told them that if they violate the festival, they will be beheaded even if they have meritorious service.
Renfu won a small victory in the south of Zhangjiabao, and he was greedy for work and light progress. Xia Jun pretended to retreat and abandoned a lot of materials along the way. Song Jun didn't know what to do, so he chased after Shuichuan (now Longdexi, Ningxia) in Weibei Haoshui. At that time, Xia Jun put several wooden boxes in Haoshuichuan, but Song Jun only heard birds singing in the boxes, and dared not make a move. When Ren Fu arrived, when the order was issued, I saw more than a hundred pigeons leaping out and hovering over Song Jun, which was the converging signal sent by Xixia Army. Song Jun is hesitating, Xia Jun has crossed from all directions. Song Jun fought bravely, but his soldiers were starving and exhausted for three days in a row. Song Jun was defeated, more than 6,000 people were killed, and hundreds of famous officials such as Ren Fu also died. Han Qi immediately ordered the withdrawal of troops. On the way, thousands of soldiers' fathers, brothers and wives cried in front of the horse's head, holding old clothes and paper money to summon their souls and crying, saying, "You used to recruit soldiers to fight, but now you are dead, and your soul knowledge can be brought back?" At that time, the cry was loud, and Han Qi could not March on horseback.
In the Battle of Haoshuichuan, Yuan Shihao defeated Han Qi with the stratagem of Bird, the son of Shaanxi. Bird wrote a poem and threw it at the Song Dynasty. He said sarcastically, why did Xia Song ever shrug his shoulders? Han Qi is not surprising. Covered in dragons and tigers, Youzi said military aircraft. Song Jun defeated Mizukawa. Although Han Qi didn't command himself, he was also responsible for sending troops rashly and employing improper people.
After the war, Song Ting investigated the responsibility for the defeat and dismissed Xia Song. Han Qi and Fan Zhongyan were also transferred to other posts. Han Qi was reduced to the right to advise Qin Zhou, and Fan Zhongyan was reduced to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to know Yaozhou (now Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province). In October, Song Ting divided Shaanxi into Qin Feng, Jingyuan, Huanqing and Yansi Road, Han Qi knew Qin Zhou, Wang Yan knew Weizhou, Fan Zhongyan knew Qingzhou, and Pang Ji knew Yanzhou. After the deployment, the "ma bu" or horse stance just look troops tried to appease the border and make it work. In April 2002, Han Qi was appointed as an observer in Qin Zhou.
In September, Song Jun was defeated by Dingchuan Village (now northwest of Guyuan, Ningxia). General Ge Huaimin died in battle, and Wang Yan, who presided over the military affairs of Jingyuan Road, was demoted. In November, the court adopted Fan Zhongyan's suggestion, and people from Korea and Fan Er were stationed in Jingzhou (now Jingchuan, Gansu) to jointly defend the western frontier.
After the defeat of Haoshuichuan, Han Qi was convinced that Fan Zhongyan kept the proposal, and the two men worked together to support each other. Because they have been guarding the frontier for the longest time, they became famous for a while, the people were convinced, and the court relied on the Great Wall, so everyone in the world called Han and Fan. There is a song on the frontier fortress: there is a Korean in the army, and the Xixia people are chilling when they listen. There is a school in the army, which Xixia heard of.
Li Qing New Deal
Although Xixia won many wars, but the losses were also great, the people were tired of war and their grievances were boiling, so Song and Xia began to turn into protracted peace talks. In the case of a slight easing of the border situation, Han Qi and Fan Zhongyan were transferred back to Beijing in April of the third year of Li Qing (1043) and served as deputy envoys of the Tang Dynasty (the Tang Dynasty was Du Yan). At that time, imperial academy told Shijie, South Korea, Fan Er and others to come to the DPRK to handle affairs, and specially wrote a poem "Celebrating the Holy Virtue", in which he praised the way of Han and Qi: early knowledge of Qi, Qi has strange bones, and its tools are inferior to those of people, so it is not worth looking at the shop wedge. He is a simple man who does nothing. This is a big deal, honestly. Qi ru, vice Yan, knows people and gives philosophy.
After the Song and Xia Dynasties turned to peace talks, Han Qi and Fan Zhongyan entered the DPRK as ruling ministers. At that time, celebrities gathered and scholars praised them. Injong also wanted to make great efforts to make a difference, so he gave special courtesy to Han Qi, Fan Zhongyan, Fu Bi and others, urging them to come up with a plan to save the nation as soon as possible. At that time, Yuan Hao, with the support of the Khitan, had a tough attitude in the Song and Xia peace talks. He threatened the Song Dynasty with New Year's gifts, ceded land, refused to be a vassal, relaxed the salt law, moved the capital to Beijing, stood on his own feet and defended his ancestors. Eleven things were done in great detail.
Yan Shu, the prime minister, and the ministers of the two dynasties were mostly war-weary, while Han Qi resolutely opposed everything. In July of the third year of Li Qing's reign, he went to On Preparing for Imperial Affairs, and thought that the urgent tasks were: 1. Rectifying the government; 2. Reading the border plan; 3. Preparing Hebei; 5. Consolidating Hedong; 6. Winning the hearts of the people; 7. Camping in Luoyi. Then, eight things are stated to avoid disadvantages, namely, selecting generals, being observant, being rich and getting rich, curbing luck, being able to serve an official, retiring, being willing to join an official, and being redundant. Facing the situation of poverty and weakness in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, the reform measures put forward by Han Qi, focusing on rectifying official management and selecting talents, were basically consistent with the ten reform plans listed in Fan Zhongyan's Answer to Ten Things about Chen in September of that year, and they came straight to the point. This political reform, presided over by Fan Zhongyan and actively participated by Han Qi, Fu Bi and others, is the famous Qingli New Deal in history.
In August, Fan Zhongyan was appointed as a political advisor, and Fu Bi was appointed as the deputy special envoy of the Senate, actively promoting various New Deal measures. That year, there was a drought in southern Shaanxi, and hungry people joined the peasant uprising led by Zhang Hai and Guo Miao Shan. Renzong ordered Han Qi to declare Shaanxi. Han Qi mobilized officers who were good at mountain operations in the northwest and quickly suppressed the uprising. At the same time, in view of the serious disaster, he also took some decisive measures: sending officials to counties, distributing official food to help the hungry; Exempt from all kinds of exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees; Assess officials, promote talents and dismiss mediocre people; Eliminate more than 10 thousand old and weak people in the army to reduce costs. In the spring of Li Qing's fourth year, Han Qi announced the return of Shaanxi to Bianjing. In May, Chen went to the northwest frontier defense to attack and defend four strategies, thinking that it was time to take peace as an expedient measure and war as a practice. Please prepare your armor, prepare your troops, set up camp and repair the capital, and secretly make a crusade plan.
The implementation of Qingli New Deal met with fierce opposition from some old-school bureaucrats. They wrongly accused the New Deal bureaucrats of forming cronies and bullying the authoritarian regime. Especially Xia Song used conspiracy to frame Fu Bi. Fan Zhongyan was uneasy. In June of four years in Li Qing, he declared Shaanxi and Hedong in case of autumn. In August, Fu Bi announced Hebei. In the first month of five years, Du Yan, Fan Zhongyan and Fu Bi, who implemented the New Deal, were all banished to the DPRK. Han Qi is straightforward and always keeps his promise to the military and political affairs. Although he is a council deputy, in charge of military affairs, but in fact also refers to Chen. Some colleagues were unhappy, but Injong understood him and said that Han Qi was straightforward. For the demotion of Fan Zhongyan and Fu Bi, Han Qi stepped forward and analyzed it according to reason, but there was no result. In March of the fifth year of Li Qing, Han Qi also supported Athena Chu in opposing the construction of Shuiluocheng (now Zhuanglang, Gansu) and was expelled from the DPRK. He went to the Tang Dynasty as an emissary, and got to know Yangzhou as a bachelor. At this point, all the main figures who presided over the Qingli New Deal were expelled from the court, and the short-lived New Deal ended in failure.