Appreciation of bougainvillea pictures
Bougainvillea Picture Appreciation (2 1 photo)
Small shrubs, also known as bougainvillea, bougainvillea, bougainvillea and rhododendron mosaic, are evergreen climbing shrubs with prickly branches and drooping arches. Simple leaves alternate, ovate-entire or ovate-lanceolate, thickly tomentose, with acute or acuminate ends. Flowers are terminal, thin and small, yellow-green, and their appearance is not surprising and unattractive. Usually, three flowers are clustered on three large bracts, and the pedicel is combined with the midrib of the leaf. The bracts are oval and are the main ornamental parts. Bracts are red, orange, purple, white, cherry powder and so on. From the leaves, it can be divided into two types: mosaic type and ordinary type; Bracts are divided into single petals and double petals, and the bracts are leaflike triangles or ellipses; Achenes are native to Brazil and cultivated all over China. Magnificent
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The largest bougainvillea production base in East China: Shanghai Daqing Landscaping Co., Ltd., which is famous for cultivating bougainvillea in East China and the national garden and flower market. It is the bougainvillea planting and cultivation base with the most complete variety and the greatest variety value in East China. According to Mr. Wang, general manager of Daqing Landscaping Co., Ltd., bougainvillea planted in Daqing Landscaping is widely used in plant landscaping, high-grade villa gardens, roof gardens, leisure communities, parks, indoor and outdoor plant rental, urban elevated guardrail beautification, office greening and other places. The company has its own planting and sales bases in Lane 855 of Shen Song Highway, Jiuxin Highway in Songjiang District and Ye Xin Highway in Maogang Town of Songjiang, and will use more planting land in them.
It is cultivated all over China. It is also the city flower of Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Jiangmen, Huizhou, Xiamen, Sanming, Kaiyuan, Pingtung, luoding city, Sanya, Haikou, Liuzhou, Beihai, Wuzhou and Xingyi [2].
Medicinal value
China discovered that bougainvillea is still a traditional Chinese medicine, and the leaves can be used as medicine, and it can be pounded and applied to the affected area, which has the effect of removing silt and reducing swelling.
Promoting blood circulation and regulating menstruation, eliminating dampness and stopping leukorrhagia. Treat blood stasis amenorrhea, irregular menstruation and leucorrhea. [3]
Ornamental value
Triangle flower has large bracts, bright colors and long flowering period, which is suitable for garden planting or potted viewing. Can also be used as a bonsai,
Phyllanthus
Phyllanthus
Hedging and pruning modeling. Bougainvillea has high ornamental value and is used as a climbing flower cultivation fence in southern China. During the Spring Festival, the green leaves set off the bright red film, just like gloating, especially dazzling. Potted plants in the north, placed in the entrance of the porch, courtyard and hall, are very eye-catching. Bougainvillea is a unique bougainvillea in Brazil, and women often wear it on their heads as decoration. Europe and America use triangular flowers as cut flowers. Flowers can bloom twice a year. In South China, it can be covered with flower stands, gates or high walls to form three-dimensional flowers. In the north, it is mainly used as potted flowers to enjoy flowers in winter. [4]
toxicity
The stems of bougainvillea are poisonous. Eating 12-20 tablets will cause diarrhea and bloody stool.
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plant culture
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Arima
The flower language of bougainvillea: enthusiasm, perseverance and perseverance. Another flower language: "No true love is a kind of sorrow." [5]
Symbol: enthusiasm, perseverance and indomitable spirit [1].
National flower: the national flower of the Republic of Zambia.
Provincial Flowers: Flowers in Hainan Province [6]
City Flower: Xichang City, Sichuan Province; Flowers in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Huizhou, Jiangmen and luoding city;
State Flower of Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Southwest Guizhou; The State Flower and Kaiyuan City Flower in Yunnan Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture;
Flowers in Kaixian County of Chongqing and Yunyang County of Chongqing; Flowers in Xiamen and Sanming City, Fujian Province, and flowers in Hui 'an County;
Flowers in Haikou City and Sanya City, Hainan Province; Flowers in Liuzhou, Beihai and Wuzhou of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region;
City Flower of Pingtung City, Taiwan Province Province; The city flower of domestic and foreign cities such as Naha, Japan. [7]
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Growth habit
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Bougainvillea album
Bougainvillea Album (10 photos)
Like warm and humid climate, not cold-resistant, can safely overwinter above 3℃, and bloom above 15℃. I like plenty of light. It is not strict with soil, grows well in clay loam with good drainage and rich minerals, and is resistant to barren, alkali, drought, water accumulation and pruning. Bougainvillea is native to Brazil in South America, and it was only cultivated in Europe and China in 1930s. It likes warm, humid and sunny environment and is not cold-resistant. In China, potted plants and greenhouse cultivation are needed in all areas except the south where it can be cultivated in the open field for wintering. Sandy loam with good drainage is the most suitable soil.
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cultivation techniques
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Bougainvillea bougainvillea is often propagated by cutting, and it is easy to raise seedlings. In May and June, mature lignified branches, 20cm long, were cut, inserted into a sand basin, covered with glass, kept moist for about a month, and cultivated for two years to take root and blossom. The flowering period of the whole plant is very long, which can reach three or four months. There are many fallen flowers and leaves during flowering, which need to be removed in time to keep them fresh and beautiful. Clover is a vine with simple reproduction. Just cut the stem into the soil in early spring or late autumn, and it will take root and sprout and grow branches and leaves in one month. It will blossom in the second year. Its flowering period is very long, usually around January. Bougainvillea has a long flowering period and many beautiful flowers. In the south, the general flowering period is from 10 of the current year to the beginning of June of the following year.
Selected culture soil
Bougainvillea is not strict with the soil, but it is afraid of water accumulation and cannot tolerate waterlogging. Therefore, we should choose loose and well-drained culture soil. Generally, it can be prepared with 4 parts humus soil, 4 parts garden soil and 2 parts sand, or dry pond mud mixed with some coal cake residue as basin soil. [8]
Bougainvillea is an evergreen shrub with bright red color and large flower pattern. Every three bracts will have a small triangular flower, so it is also called bougainvillea. Bougainvillea likes warm sunshine, is not cold-resistant and avoids waterlogging. It is suitable to grow in fertile, loose and well-drained sandy soil, and it will not only grow poorly in sticky, alkaline, low-humidity and waterlogging-prone soil, but also rot and die easily. 4 parts of humus soil, 2 parts of garden soil, decomposed manure 1 part, sawdust 1 part, and 2 parts of river sand were selected as the culture soil, and 30g of decomposed dumpling fertilizer was added as the base fertilizer when it was put into the basin. [8]
Bougainvillea needs certain nutrients, and should be properly fertilized during the growth period to meet its growth needs. Fertilizers should be decomposed and applied in small amounts for many times, and the concentration should be light, otherwise the roots will be easily damaged and the growth will be affected. From May, apply 1 times 10% ~ 15% cake fertilizer solution every half month to promote the growth of spring shoots; In the high temperature season from July to August, in order to meet its growth needs, apply 1 times 18% cake fertilizer solution and a small amount of calcium superphosphate or a small amount of compound fertilizer solution every 15 ~ 20 days; After September, less nitrogen fertilizer should be applied, and burnt marl and a small amount of calcium superphosphate can be used to promote the bright red and beautiful leaves of bougainvillea. Bougainvillea needs less water than other flowers, as long as the pot soil is not dry or wet during the growing period. [8]
rational application of fertilizer
In order to make bougainvillea bloom more, it is necessary to ensure adequate nutrients, and at the same time, timely and appropriate fertilization should be used reasonably. Generally, in the vigorous growth period from April to July, liquid fertilizer is applied every 7 ~ 10 days to promote plant growth. The fertilize can be 10% ~ 20% of decomposed bean cake, rapeseed cake wat or human excrement water. In August, in order to promote flower bud germination, phosphate fertilizer was applied once every 10 day, and 20% liquid fertilizers such as decomposed chicken, duck and pigeon manure and fish offal could be used. The flowering period starts from June 5438+ 10, and from this period to mid-June 5438+065438+ 10, phosphate fertilizer is applied every half month, and the concentration of fertilizer and water is 30% ~ 40%. In the future, topdressing should be done once every time after flowering, so that bougainvillea can continuously supplement nutrients during flowering. [8]
Controlling water before flowering
The bougainvillea is usually watered on the principle of "not watering, but watering thoroughly". But in order to make bougainvillea bloom neatly and richly, water must be controlled before flowering. Since September, the watering of bougainvillea has been controlled. Every watering can only be repeated for half a month after the soil in the basin is dry and the branches and leaves are soft, and normal watering can be resumed after half a month. Do not apply fertilizer during water control, so as not to burn the roots with fertilizer. In this way, bougainvillea can germinate and blossom in a month or so, and the flowers are open and tidy, thriving. [8]
Loosen the soil and change the basin
Because of long-term watering, fertilization and rain erosion, basin soil is easy to harden. Therefore, it is necessary to loosen the soil regularly and remove weeds in the basin soil to facilitate the growth of bougainvillea. Otherwise, the basin soil will harden and accumulate water, which will easily cause root rot or poor growth of bougainvillea. In addition, bougainvillea grows faster, with developed roots and many fibrous roots, which need to be changed once a year. [8]
Proper pruning
Bougainvillea grows rapidly, so attention should be paid to shaping and pruning during the growing period to promote the growth of lateral branches and blossom more. Pruning times are generally 1 ~ 3 times, which should not be too much, otherwise it will affect the flowering times. After each flowering, the residual flowers should be removed in time to reduce nutrient consumption. After the flowering period, the over-dense branches, inner branches, long branches and weak branches are thinned, and other branches are not pruned or only slightly pruned, so as to shorten the next growth period and promote their early flowering and more flowering. [8]
control of insect
Common pests of bougainvillea mainly include leaf beetle and aphid, and common diseases mainly include
Bougainvillea leaf spot
Bougainvillea leaf spot
There should be shoot blight. At ordinary times, we should strengthen loosening soil and weeding, remove dead branches and diseased leaves in time, pay attention to ventilation, and reduce the spread of disease sources. Strengthen the examination of the disease, and if it is found and treated in time, it can be prevented and treated with dimethoate, Tobuzin and other solutions. [9]
leaf spot
At first, the lesion was yellowish brown with yellow-green halo around it, and then it expanded into a nearly round or irregular lesion with a dark brown edge. Small black spots appeared on the late lesions. [9]
Prevention and treatment: If a small amount of diseased spots are found, apply Dakening cream ointment on it and cut off the branches with more diseases. At the initial stage of the disease, it can be prevented and treated with 500 times of 50% carbendazim wet powder, and sprayed every 7 ~ 1 day/time. If it is serious, you can spray it again on the fourth day, and then spray it every 7 days according to actual experience. continuously
Phyllanthus
Phyllanthus
3 ~ 4 times, the control effect is good. [9]
brown spot
Injured leaves produce yellowish brown to light brown lesions with a diameter of 0. 1 ~ 0.5 cm.
Prevention and treatment: remove a small amount of diseased leaves in time and burn them. At the initial stage of the disease, 400 times of 70% mancozeb wettable powder 1 time was sprayed every1day for 3 ~ 4 times in a row. [9]
scale insect
In the environment of poor light, poor ventilation, high temperature and high humidity, many kinds of scale insects are prone to harm. [9]
Control method: 45% malathion EC 1000 times solution can be used for spraying. [9]
Key points of management
The optimum temperature for temperature growth is 15 ~ 30℃, in which it is 19 ~ 30℃ in May ~ September and 13 ~ 16℃ in April of the following year. It can withstand the high temperature of 35℃ in summer. When the temperature exceeds 35℃,
Red bougainvillea
Red bougainvillea
The temperature of bougainvillea should be above 15℃. In order to prolong the flowering period, it should be moved indoors in time before the arrival of the cold current in early winter, and placed in a sunny place to maintain a high ambient temperature (flowering can continue during New Year's Day to Spring Festival).
Light triangle flower likes light, and it is a positive flower. Insufficient light in the growing season will lead to weak plant growth and affect bud pregnancy and flowering. Therefore, all the year round, except the newly potted seedlings, they should be placed in a semi-shady place. It should be placed in front of the south window in winter, and the illumination time should not be less than 8 hours, otherwise a large number of leaves will easily appear. Short-day flowers can sprout and bloom in one and a half months if the daily illumination time is controlled at about 9 hours.
Water it once a day in spring and autumn, and once in the morning and evening in summer. In winter, when the temperature is low and the plants are dormant, it is necessary to control watering and keep the basin soil moist. Proper water control during the growing season of potted plants can promote flower bud differentiation; From June to July, bougainvillea is in a vigorous growth stage. According to different varieties, watering can be properly controlled at 2 ~ 3 times (the degree depends on the wilting of tender shoots and new leaves), 1 ~ 2 times a day, and then watering for 2 ~ 3 days (depending on the water flowing from the bottom of the basin). This can effectively promote the differentiation of flower buds and water them every morning and evening after the flower buds appear.
Soil bougainvillea likes loose and fertile slightly acidic soil and avoids waterlogging. When potted, 1 part humus soil, 1 part peat soil, 1 part sandy soil and 1 part garden soil can be used, and a small amount of decomposed cake residue can be added as base fertilizer and mixed to make cultivated soil. Flowering plants should be turned over once a year, preferably before germination in early spring. When changing pots, use scissors to cut off dense and aging branches.
Fertilizer should be topdressing in the growing season in addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer in the basin soil. When changing pots, according to the plant size, 10 ~ 15 cake fertilizer can be applied to each pot, and then 1 times pancake fertilizer water is applied every half month, and 0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added, which can not only accelerate its vegetative growth, but also promote its flower bud differentiation. After budding, it can be applied again. At the same time, spraying 0. 1 ~ 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves, spraying 1 times alum fertilizer every week in full bloom, and spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves.
Pruned bougainvillea has a strong growth potential, so it needs pruning every year, and it is updated 1 time every five years. The time can be carried out every spring or after flowering, and the dense branches, dead branches, weak branches and cross branches can be cut off to promote the development of new branches. After falling leaves and flowers during flowering, they should be cleaned up in time. flower
Phyllanthus
Phyllanthus
Remove the residual flowers in time. Picking the heart in time during the growth period to promote the development of lateral branches is conducive to the formation of flower buds and the flourishing of flowers. You can cut the old plants short. Bougainvillea has climbing characteristics, which can be used for binding and modeling, and can be made into garlands, flower baskets, flower balls and other modeling. If necessary, it can also set up a bracket and make various shapes, such as styles.
If you want to see bougainvillea on National Day, you can put the flowerpot in a dark room in advance, because it is a short-day flower. At the beginning of August, the potted bougainvillea bougainvillea was placed in a dark environment, completely dark from 5 pm to 8 am the next day, and kept for 50 days, spraying water every day to cool down. Water normally, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium liquid fertilizer or hoof fertilizer every week. So you can see the beautiful bougainvillea on National Day.
note:
In summer and winter, because plants grow slowly or hibernate, fertilization should be stopped to avoid fertilizer damage.
Do not apply concentrated fertilizer or raw fertilizer (organic fertilizer that is not fully decomposed) to prevent roots from being damaged, leaves from falling off and even the whole plant from dying.
You need to move indoors in winter, otherwise you will get frostbite.