Wang Zhaoming (1883- 1944), a native of Yin Shan, Zhejiang Province (formerly Shaoxing County) and a native of Sanshui, Guangdong Province, was often called "Wang Jingwei" under his pen name. In his early years, he took part in the revolution and tried to assassinate Regent Zai Feng. During Yuan Shikai's reign, he went to France to study. After returning to China, under the leadership of Sun Yat-sen, Construction magazine was founded in Shanghai on 19 19. 192 1 year, Sun Wen became the principal of Guangzhou, and Wang Jingwei was the principal of Guangdong education and the consultant of Guangdong government. 1924 as minister of Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China. The later thoughts obviously degenerated. During his stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he took refuge in Japan, set up a puppet national government in Nanking and became a traitor. 1944 died of myelopathy in Nagoya, Japan.
After the September 18th Incident, Wang found an opportunity to cooperate with Jiang. 193265438+1On October 28th, the "January 28th Incident" broke out in Shanghai. Japanese imperialism provoked trouble and gave Wang Jingwei a duel.
The 19th Route Army rose up to resist, and the people of the whole country were united as one. People's hearts are available and morale is high.
Wang Jingwei was besieged by fear of Japan from the beginning. He was carried away by the arrogance of the Japanese emperor, and only saw the strength of Japan, but did not see the advantages of China's aid. He believes: "It goes without saying that China's military economy has lagged behind for decades; Even the organization is naive and imperfect. " (Note: See the Biography of Wang Jingwei, page 120) He was afraid of war and tried his best to make peace. 1932 In May, with the consent of Chiang Kai-shek and Wang, the National Government signed the "Songhu Armistice Agreement" with Japan.
1In May and June of 1935, he ratified the He-Mei Agreement and the Qin-Tu Agreement, and handed over the sovereignty of North China to the Japanese invaders, causing public outcry. On June/KOOC-0/65438+/KOOC-0/October/KOOC-0/day of the same year, Wang Jingwei was seriously injured by Sun Fengming, a righteous man sent by Wang Yaqiao, and the bullet entering the spine could not be taken out. The doctor asserted that Wang Jingwei would not live for ten years.
1937 After the July 7th Incident, all-out anti-Japanese war broke out. By August 3, Wang could no longer restrain his mood of peace. He said: Zhang Yan said: "Wu died, no one died. Isn't it shameful? " Knowing that you can't save Wu, but you are dying, but thinking that after you die, all the people who are not dead will be slaves. How can this be closed to the end? This is not the way. Wang's implication is: "Death is not worth it". He also said, "Then what? If you will suffer, honestly admit that you have suffered, and there will be compensation if you suffer. " (Note: Huang Meizhen's Wang Jingwei defected to the enemy group, Shanghai People's Publishing House, 1984 edition. 177) Although there are words such as "fighting" and "resisting" in the context of this sentence, the mentality of being obsessed with Japan's surrender is very obvious.
Wang Jingwei
1938 In August and September, Mei Siping, a representative of Zhou Fohai, held talks with Yuji Matsumoto, a representative of the Japanese Prime Minister's Guards. The Japanese side proposed "no occupation of territory, no compensation and withdrawal within two years" to support the peace movement in Wang Zhaoming.
193865438+In February, at the Hankou National Defense Supreme Conference, Wang presided over the 54th meeting of the Standing Committee, and adopted a resolution to accept the conditions proposed by Japan, inciting to sign the armistice conditions proposed by Japan. (Note: See Biography of Wang Jingwei, p. 134. )
1938 10, when he met with reporters from Haitong news agency and Reuters, he said that "the door to the armistice has not been closed". He ignored the vigorous anti-Japanese war and was obsessed with peace. (Note: Huang Meizhen's Wang Jingwei defected to the enemy group, Shanghai People's Publishing House, 1984 edition. Page 189- 190. )
Zhou Fohai planned Gao Zongwu and Mei Siping to sign the Sogo Hall Agreement with Takeo Imai and Kenji, but Wang didn't know it at first. When Zhou and Mei expressed their contributions to Wang Ching-wei with a secret agreement that "Japan recognized Wang Ching-wei's leading position in the peace movement", Wang got a treasure, felt at ease, made peace and never died in the war of resistance. Since then, it has slipped into the abyss of flattering the enemy and betraying the country.
Wang Jingwei is indecisive and at the mercy of his "pro-Japanese" elements. In order to finally realize his personal will to seize the highest power in the Kuomintang and realize his political proposition of "peace with Japan", he accelerated the pace of flattering the enemy to surrender to Japan.
The most important figures in Wang Jingwei's circle are Chen Bijun and Zhou Fohai.
I am not satisfied with Wang Jiuju's sulking under Chiang Kai-shek, but it also encourages Wang's desire to "seize power against Chiang Kai-shek" and want to start a new life and operate independently, but I don't know the righteousness. In order to please the Japanese, Chen even thought that "the five northeastern provinces are not the land of China at all" and that "Fengtian was originally a dowry brought by the Qing Dynasty, and now it's just to get it back". (Note: See "Wang Jingwei Group defected to the enemy", page 19 1) In order to let Wang take power independently, he shamelessly gave up the territorial sovereignty of Northeast China.
1938 10 Mespin returned to Chongqing with confidential documents. Wang hosted a banquet for Mei at home. Seeing Mei out of the living room, he advised the king to surrender and said, "Mr. Mei is leaving tomorrow. You must make up your mind this time and you can't go back on your word! " Wang Jingwei repeatedly said, "It's decided, it's decided!" (Note: See "Wang Ching-wei defected to the enemy clique", p. 273)
193865438+In February, Mei Siping brought the Japanese side to Chongqing on the condition that Wang would leave another government in Chongqing. The capitulators have lived in the palace for several days, but they have not made a final decision and insist on leaving. (Note: See "Wang Ching-wei defected to the enemy clique", p. 326)
Zhou Fohai has political ambitions, and he is not satisfied with his position as Minister of Propaganda and Deputy Director of the Attaché Office of the Kuomintang. He always thought that one day "the central government will be formed within ten minutes", so he actively planned to send it to Japan to create a "new world of his own". 1June, 938, Zhou Fohai secretly instructed Gao Zongwu to contact Japan, and then urged Mei Siping to attend. In the last week, Mei Yue Wang went out and then ran through Gao Zongwu and Mei Siping. The Japanese army headquarters meeting identified Wang as the negotiating opponent. Zhou is the "initiator" of the whole movement to drop Japan.
From 65438+ 10 to 165438+ 10, Zhou Weiwang did a lot of mobilization work. Wang hesitated, and Zhou advised him to drive: "When you were still a foreign minister, it was easy to deal with the Japanese!" Zhou blamed "Wang's character, which he thought was not certain" and "irresponsible and indecisive". However, he also knows Wang's character. "The conclusion is that although there is duplication, the result will still go as planned." (Note: See Zhou Fohai Diary by Shanghai People's Publishing House)
Before Wang set out, Zhou had already carried the banner to the front station.
In the process of hesitation, compromise and vacillation, it was Mei Siping and Tao Xisheng's repeated persuasion and added fuel to the fire that made Wang Jingwei's "disembark" start like this.
Wang Ching-wei and tojo hideki, the number one Class A war criminal, visited Japan.
Some people say, "Mr. Wang Can can't live without Bi Jun, and he can't live without Bi Jun" (Note: See Wang Jingwei Group's defection to the enemy, page 46 1). In a sense, Wang became a traitor and was also in the hands of Zhou Fohai.
Wang's cowardice and inferiority caused him to be carried away by Japan's arrogance, and he didn't look at the war of resistance dialectically and didn't see the prospect of victory for the Chinese nation. "Fear of Japan" made him make peace and surrender. Indecisive character is easily influenced by others and pushed to the road of betraying the country and seeking glory. 1938 18 February 18 February, Wang Jingwei left Chongqing, 19 February 29, issued a third statement by Yan Dian in response to the guards, slipped into the abyss step by step on the road of betraying the country, and finally lost his reputation. The role of Wang's personality is naturally one of the factors that cannot be ignored.
In the most difficult period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, at the end of 1938 in China, the Japanese Cabinet of Guards issued the Statement of Guards twice, which publicly lured and surrendered to the Kuomintang government politically. At this time, there was a serious division within the Kuomintang ruling group. As the vice chairman of the Kuomintang, Wang Jingwei openly published treacherous telegrams, expressing his response to the "statement of the guards" and embarked on a shameful road of betraying the country.
Wang Jingwei put forward his understanding of the war of resistance in his telegram: "The war of resistance for more than a year has caused great pain. If the war can still end in a just peace, the survival and independence of the country can be guaranteed, that is, the purpose of the war of resistance has been achieved. "
Not long ago, the Japanese government issued the third "Guardian Statement" aimed at destroying China. Chiang Kai-shek denounced this, "There is a mechanical sword hidden in his bones", "This is the total confession of all the delusional plots of the enemy to annex China and monopolize East Asia, and then attempt to conquer the world; This is also the full exposure of all the plans of the enemy to destroy our country and nation. "
Traitor Wang Jingwei
However, Wang Jingwei defended this in his telegram: "First, good-neighborliness and friendship", "Second, joint defense against the Communist Party" and "Third, economic support". Wang Jingwei finally said, "To lay the foundation for permanent peace between the two countries is our due effort for the happiness of East Asia".
As early as 1937, during the July 7th Incident, when the Japanese said that "China will perish in three months", Wang Jingwei delivered a speech entitled "Everyone should tell the truth and everyone should be responsible". He said, "If you make peace, you will lose both sides, so you will honestly admit that you have suffered, and you will be compensated after suffering" and "If you fight, you will lose both sides."
According to another record, Wang Jingwei once asked Feng Yuxiang, and everyone called it "the war of resistance to the end". Where is this "bottom"? Feng said that "Japan's unconditional surrender" is the bottom. For scholar Wang Jingwei, "this is simply arrogance and ignorance of Qiu Ba".
After the collusion between Wang and Japan, western countries have issued statements to safeguard the "nine-nation convention"; The US Congress quickly passed the loan to China; Countries such as Britain and France deployed troops to strengthen the defense in the Far East before the outbreak of the European War. The dawn in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression is the beginning.
Zhou Enlai once commented on Chiang Kai-shek. He may not be a good tactician, but he is a good strategist. Such a strategist's vision is not available to Wang Jingwei.
Before the assassination of the Regent in the early years, the revolutionary party once thought that the assassination was of little significance and too risky. Wang Jingwei wrote "On the Pot" for this purpose, arguing that revolution, like cooking, needs a pot and wages. Kettle, not afraid of fire and water to undergo long-term tempering; The wage earners suddenly became smart. Wang Jingwei claimed that he had no perseverance and was willing to pay.
Chen Lifu once commented that what Wang Jingwei lacks most is perseverance. "It is difficult for a scholar to achieve great things";
Comments and reports from all walks of life on Wang Jingwei's traitorous treaty!
Wang Jingwei's diehard Chen Gongbo also commented: "Mr. Wang will die if he has something to do, and he will leave if he agrees." "A national has his own responsibilities to deal with, and the responsibilities are entrusted to him. You don't have to get permission from others, and you don't have to rely on others to stay. "
The eight-year war of resistance was a test of the resilience of the whole country and nation. On the eve of victory, however, Wang Jingwei was pessimistic and desperate, lost his due judgment and conscience, and went to the road of treason that could not be turned back.
1939 On May 3 1 day, Wang Jingwei flew from Shanghai to Japan for negotiations. At the beginning of the negotiations, Masahiro, a Japanese aide on the land, taunted Wang Jingwei: "I think that in order to establish a new and powerful central government in China, we must win over the majority of Chongqing dignitaries and the army. You must be very sure of this, it will be an honor. "
After Wang Jingwei defected from Japan and established a puppet regime, he vigorously advocated and promoted the theory of "East Asian Union" originating from Japan. He took the so-called "East Asia Alliance" four programs of "political independence, military alliance, economic cooperation and cultural exchange" as the theoretical basis to whitewash his traitorous behavior, in an attempt to use it as a shield against the world's reviling, and to use this traitorous theory as an ideological weapon to poison the people in the occupied areas and disintegrate the anti-Japanese camp.
Wang Jingwei tried his best to use the theory of "East Asia Alliance" as an important ideological weapon to divide the anti-Japanese camp and destroy the will of the war of resistance. In the "Talk with Japanese Journalists in Tokyo", he answered a reporter's question about the influence of the East Asian Union Movement on the Chongqing National Government and said: "I am sure that the development of the East Asian Union Movement will prompt the anti-Japanese elements in Chongqing to suddenly realize and participate in the peace movement. The theory of anti-Japanese faction is that China and Japan can never coexist, and the East Asian Union proves that China and Japan not only have the necessity of coexistence, but also have the possibility of coexistence. With the proof of this fact, the anti-Japanese theory will naturally disappear and return to the revival of China and East Asia. " Wang Jingwei tried to disintegrate the anti-Japanese camp by developing the "East Asia Alliance" movement, but the result was not as he expected. In this regard, he later turned to attack: "The soldiers in Chongqing have completely lost the souls of East Asians ... We once wanted to move the theory to Chongqing, let it be realized, and promote comprehensive peace. Now we know that this alone is not enough. We must organize a front of East Asian comrades in the Heping District so that the running dogs of Britain and the United States will not be disturbed. "
Wang Jingwei, Chairman of the Puppet National Government
Wang Ching-wei also tried his best to use the theory of "East Asia Alliance" to defend Japanese aggression and carve up northeast China, to support the puppet Manchukuo regime, and to exonerate himself from admitting Manchukuo's guilt. In his talk to reporters after the signing of the Treaty on the Adjustment of Diplomatic Relations between China and Japan, he sophistically said: "To sort out the current situation, we should consider the overall situation. Think from afar. The signing of this Sino-Japanese treaty is not for temporary convenience, nor for the cheapness of one thing, but for the permanent friendship between China and Japan and the permanent peace in East Asia. As for the four northeastern provinces, they were originally part of the territory of China, but it has been ten years since September 18th. In this decade, the changes in facts are obvious to all. " He went on to say, "China used to hold different views with Japan on the Manchuria issue, and now China, Japan and Manchuria are all moving towards the future of establishing a new East Asian order. As the saying goes, safety is safety and danger is danger. In the past, different views were consistent in an instant. "
Throughout 1942, Japan has been asking Wang to participate in the declaration of war against Britain and the United States. Wang's condition was to abolish the basic treaty of 19401month, which he hated, including all secret agreements and annexes, which brought great shame to Wang's cooperation with Japan. His conditions were finally met, and the Wang regime declared war on its allies on 1943 1 9. [4] After gaining more autonomy, Wang Jingwei showed gratitude to his Japanese master and was extremely servile. From advocating "coexistence and common prosperity" and "sharing weal and woe", it has been further promoted to clamoring for "life and death" with Japan. He shouted to "take out all the spirit and put it on the top of the decisive battle." After the puppet regime declared war on Britain and the United States, Wang declared in the declaration of war that "from today on, we are at war with Britain and the United States, so we should know best and work hand in hand with friendly Japan". Wang also declared that the Japanese war of aggression was "China's life-and-death battle, and those who inspired the lofty will and national spirit that hindered the decisive battle must be eliminated and cleaned up one by one." A face of extreme loyalty to the Japanese master. However, when Japan further asked it to send troops to the Pacific battlefield, Wang found an excuse to refuse this request.