Deputy editor-in-chief of Geological Science and Collection, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and editorial board member of Geology and Geological Review. Liu Dongsheng has participated in many scientific expeditions. He is also the editor-in-chief of 1957 Quaternary Research in China and 1972 Environmental Geology and Health.
▲ Devonian research
At the same time, he also contributed to the division and comparison of Devonian and the restoration of Devonian paleogeography. His works in this field include: Supplement to Animals in Yin Ruins (1948), Animals in Geleshan, Sichuan (1948 cooperated with Yang), Animals in Yushe, Shanxi (1948 cooperated with Yang) and Nanjing. 195 1 year), compilation of the distribution map of Quaternary sediments in China (in cooperation with Zhang Zonghu, 1958), climatic signs and Quaternary stratigraphic division in China (geology of China, 1962), Lingfeng Perciformes-new species of Hunan (.
▲ Metal mineral research
Since 1949, Liu Dongsheng has carried out prospecting for copper, iron, copper, nickel and rare metals, as well as exploration of reservoir dam sites. He has written many scientific reports and papers on minerals and engineering geology. It mainly includes: the geological report of Baimiaozi Coal Mine in Chongqing, Sichuan Province (in cooperation with Wang Chaojun, 1946), the report of the Yangtze River Hydropower Project and the Three Gorges Dam Site (in cooperation with Hou Defeng, 1947), and the copper-nickel mines in Shuihugou, Bandung and Yunjiagang mining areas in Qingyuan County, Liaoning Province (65438)1.
▲ Soil and Water Research in the Middle Yellow River
65438-0954, Liu Dongsheng participated in the scientific investigation of soil and water conservation in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. He led and participated in the systematic research on the causes and characteristics of loess, and wrote 4 monographs on loess, with inspection report 1 copy, which attracted the attention of colleagues at home and abroad. He also compiled a 2 million scale map of loess in China and a 500,000 scale map of loess in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. He used mathematical methods to simulate the transportation and deposition of loess, and proved that loess is a geological structure with unique paleoclimatic significance, which laid the foundation for the intercontinental comparison of loess and the global study of loess genesis. The discussion on the origin of loess also provides a scientific basis for studying the mechanical properties, collapsibility and compressibility of loess, such as underground caverns, bridges and culverts and high dams, which has important practical significance.
Works in this field include: Investigation Report on Soil and Water Conservation in the Middle Yellow River (monograph, published by Science Press, 1956), Loess Distribution Map in Shanxi and Shaanxi in the Middle Yellow River (Science annals, 1958) and New Loess and Old Loess (Geological Monthly, 1958). 1962), Loess in the Middle Yellow River (monograph, published by Science Press, 1964), Distribution Map of Loess in China (published by Map Press, 1965), and Material Composition and Structure of Loess (monograph, published by Science Press,/kloc-0).
▲ Loess landform research
Since 1950s, the study of loess landform has entered a stage of vigorous development. In 1953, Huang compiled the zoning map of soil erosion in the middle reaches of the Yellow River for the first time, and published the corresponding paper, which laid the foundation for the study of loess landform. From 1953 to 1958, Luo Laixing and others classified the loess landforms and mapped the eroded landforms in the gully basin, which closely linked the study of loess landforms with soil erosion and soil and water conservation in the loess area. From the mid-1950s to the mid-1980s, Liu Dongsheng and others not only made contributions to the study of loess strata and laid a solid foundation for determining the development age of loess landforms, but also made fruitful work in the historical process of loess landforms development, the relationship between loess properties and modern erosion, and the relationship between the regional distribution of loess landforms and the ups and downs of the original ground underlying loess. Representative works include Loess in the Middle Yellow River (1964) and Loess and Loess.
▲ polar mountain research
From 65438 to 0964, Liu Dongsheng temporarily put aside his loess research work and co-chaired a scientific investigation in Mashan, Xixia State, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with glaciologist Shi Yafeng. At that time, this mountain peak was the only virgin peak in the world with a height of more than 8,000 meters. Liu Dongsheng often pays attention to the development of cutting-edge research in scientific research. While studying loess, aspiring global scientists from the vast areas of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Mashan Mountain in Xixia State, Mount Everest, Tomur Mountain and Namgyabawa Mountain participated in the investigation and study of Quaternary glaciers and Quaternary geology, promoted the scientific research and exploration in China's alpine regions, and organized and compiled a scientific research report with volume 14. Report on the Influence of Uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on Natural Environmental Conditions in cooperation with Academician Sun Honglie. Won the special prize of China Academy of Sciences 1988, the first prize of natural science of State Science and Technology Commission, and the Chen Jiageng Prize 1989.
After 1964, while continuing to study the Quaternary geology and loess in China, Liu Dongsheng began to study the Quaternary ancient glaciers and paleoclimate, mainly relying on mountain climbing. He co-sponsored and organized two alpine expeditions with Shi Yafeng and others. As captain and vice captain, he studied the division of Quaternary glaciers, glacial periods and interglacial periods in China, as well as the neotectonic movement in Himalayas, the Quaternary stratigraphic division of Mount Everest and paleoclimate. He compiled his mountain exploration achievements into a collection of essays and photos, which accumulated rich materials for conquering dangerous peaks and exploring China's mountain resources, and also filled the gaps in the history of China world and mountain exploration. His works include: Preliminary Report on Scientific Investigation in Xixia State and Ma Feng, Essays on Scientific Investigation in Xixia State and Ma Feng (4 volumes), Report on Scientific Investigation in Mount Everest (14 volumes), Photo Album on Scientific Investigation in Xixia State, Photo Album on Scientific Investigation in Mount Everest, etc.
▲ Geology and medical research
From 65438 to 0969, Liu Dongsheng cooperated with others to carry out environmental geology research, which promoted the combination of geology and medical research and played a positive role in the development of environmental protection science and the establishment of institutions in China. He is the author of Rise of Environmental Geology (Environment and Health, 1972), Prospect of Environmental Geology (Environmental Geology and Health, 1975), Several Problems in Current Environmental Science, Development of International Environmental Science, and Research on Environmental Geology from Tumors (Environmental Geology and Health
▲ Study on Lop Nur area
"I came to Lop Nur Xinjiang, which is the most difficult place to reach. Many people are afraid to go now. Part of it is a salt lake. The salt stood up like a knife. That salt is strong. When it rubs against the skin, it will crack and rise. Like ice, it is the difficulty of salt. "
Liu Dongsheng was very interested in the first use of advanced equipment such as portable spectrometer, magnetotelluric instrument (salt content measuring instrument with different depths) and satellite global positioning system in the history of scientific investigation in Lop Nur, and said: Compared with the past' old three kinds' (hammer, compass, magnifying glass), the current geological investigation has entered a new era.
Through investigation, they came to the conclusion that the main reason of ecological deterioration in the lower reaches of Tarim River and Lop Nur area in recent years is obvious excessive land reclamation, which leads to the sharp contradiction between ecological water and agricultural water. In recent years, the relevant departments have carried out ecological emergency water delivery to Lop Nur area through Tarim River and Peacock River five times, but this project also faces certain difficulties. In order to completely restore and improve the ecology of the lower reaches of Tarim River, it is necessary to comprehensively control the surrounding water source rivers (especially Tarim River and Peacock River) in the whole basin. Liu Dongsheng pointed out in particular that the mode of pipeline water delivery can still be considered. Although the cost is high, it can greatly reduce evaporation and leakage. For example, 65.438+0.3 billion cubic meters of water is transported downstream, but 30 million cubic meters are lost on the way. Which is more cost-effective?
It is clearly pointed out that Lop Nur is not a wandering lake. They also made a detailed analysis and revealed the big ear image of Lop Nur on satellite images. They also found that the landform of Ya Dan in Longcheng, northwest of Lop Nur, was not a simple parallel valley of wind erosion, but was finally formed on the basis of flood and wind erosion, and it was compound. They also found the annual layer of mangrove sandbags formed by alternating deposition of litter and sand layers, and the carbon clastic layer found in the lacustrine sediments of Guloulan site. Liu Dongsheng believes that high-resolution dating means and rich environmental information carriers are of great significance to the scientific research of the Quaternary.
▲ Ya Dan landform research.
The word "Ya Dan" was originally a transliteration of the Uighur word "Ya 'er", which means a steep cliff. /kloc-from the end of 0/9 to the beginning of the 20th century, some Chinese and foreign scientists saw a large area of hills and valleys in Lop Nur, and used "Ya Dan" to describe this special landform in their articles, which was gradually accepted and adopted by geosciences.
Liu Dongsheng, an academician of China Academy of Sciences, pointed out: In the past, many people thought that the main cause of the landform in Lop Nur Ya Dan was wind erosion. However, according to the field investigation and aerial photo analysis, the causes of Ya Dan landform in Lop Nur area are not just this one, but can be summarized into three types. One is the landform of Ya Dan in the plain area formed by wind erosion, and the long axis of the valley is consistent with the local main wind direction; Second, the landform of Ya Dan in the mountainous area or near the lake formed by the flood. The long axis direction of the valley is consistent with the direction of the flood in the nearby mountainous area, and there are traces of flood on the Ya Dan Hill. Thirdly, the landform of Ya Dan was formed on the basis of sudden rainstorm and flood, and then it was eroded by wind. The long axis direction of the valley is consistent with the flood direction and the local main wind direction, which is the third reason for their integration.
▲ Research on Shuidonggou Site
Shuidonggou, located in lingwu city, Ningxia, is one of the important sites with the same name as Zhoukoudian and other Paleolithic sites. Since the site was first discovered and excavated by two French scholars in 1923, archaeologists have conducted three excavations in 1959, 1963 and 1980. Among them, the second excavation was jointly conducted by Chinese and Soviet experts, and the third excavation was personally presided over by Pei Wenzhong, a famous archaeologist in China. Almost every excavation has many important discoveries. From 2003 to September 2005, vertebrate paleontology Institute of China Academy of Sciences, in cooperation with Paleoanthropology Institute and Ningxia Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, conducted the fifth large-scale excavation at the second site 100 meters away from the first site. Mr. Liu Dongsheng believes that the new round of archaeological work in Shuidonggou marks "the revival of paleolithic archaeology in China."
Shuidonggou site is the earliest paleolithic cultural site excavated systematically in China, and it is also the earliest archaeological activity in our region. Although it was done by Europeans, it is undoubtedly the first time that modern archaeology in Ningxia knows about it. The cultural connotation of Shuidonggou site is profound and complex. It has both local characteristics and European characteristics, and is the product of the earliest generalized cultural exchange between the East and the West in Ningxia. The cultural connotation of Shuidonggou culture originated from ignorance and influenced later generations, which attracted extensive attention of experts and scholars who studied paleolithic culture all over the world and became a beautiful cultural brand in Ningxia. As academician Liu Dongsheng, a famous geologist and winner of the National Natural Science Award, said in the preface of the Shuidonggou-1980 excavation report: "Shuidonggou is different from ordinary archaeological sites. It is a bright spot in the cultural exchange between the East and the West, where generate constantly sparks brilliantly. From the communication between hunters more than 20,000 years ago to the joint efforts of eastern and western scientists in modern times, this exchange and collision between eastern and western cultures have been reflected. Today, those western scientists who came to the East in the early 20th century to seek scientific truth and humanistic value, and made contributions to China's scientific cause, as well as Pei Wenzhong and Jia Lanpo, who devoted their lives to Paleolithic archaeology in China, have all left us. However, their spirit, their cause, and the cultural exchanges between the East and the West they have developed will last forever and will be carried forward. "