Wang Mian (1287 ~ 1359) was a famous painter, poet and calligrapher in the Yuan Dynasty, with the character stamp,No. Boiled Lion Mountain Farmer, Cowherd Weng, Huiji Waishi, Plum Blossom Master, Mr. Jiu Li, Jiangnan Ancient Guest, Jiangnan Savage, Yinshan Yeren, Duckweed Zi Xuan, Bamboo Crown Grass Man and Mei Cuo. Zhuji, Zhejiang. Born in a farmhouse. He lost his father when he was young, herded cattle in the Qin family, painted lotus flowers every day, and studied under the ever-burning lamp of the temple at night. He is knowledgeable, poetic and green. Living in seclusion in Jiulishan, selling paintings for a living. Plum blossom painting takes rouge as the plum blossom bone, or the flowers are dense and numerous, which has a unique style and is also good at writing bamboo stones. He can also carve and use Elaeagnus as printing material. According to legend, he initiated it. He is the author of Zhu Zhai Ji and Poem Inscription.

all one's life

I like studying since I was a child, herding cows during the day, sneaking into school to listen to students, returning at dusk, forgetting his cows and getting angry with Qin Lao. Mother is willing to listen to what she does, because she goes to a monk's temple every night and sits on the Buddha's leg, reading with the ever-burning lamp. Later, Han Xing, a scholar from Huiji, eventually became a Confucian scholar. But when I failed the exam again and again, I set the article on fire. Acting differently from ordinary people, wearing a top hat and green hemp fiber, Dai Muya studied painting in Wang Mian.

Holding wood blade, singing loudly, shuttling back and forth in the city. Or riding a scalper and reading with Chinese books, people regard it as madness. The writer Li Xiaoguang wants to be recommended as a government official. He declared: "I have fields to farm and books to read, so I can't stand in court every morning and evening for slavery!" " Then I went to Wu Dong, Huai and Chu, and visited famous mountains and rivers. I traveled to Dadu, and my old friend's secretary Qing Taihua wanted to recommend me to an official position, but I couldn't give up and went back to my hometown. He lived in seclusion in Jiuli Mountain, planted thousands of plums, and built three huts called "Plum Blossom House". He became the owner of the plum blossom house and made a living by selling paintings. He made a boat and named it "Duckweed Pavilion" and put it in Jianhu Lake. Also widely planted plum and bamboo, playing the piano and composing poems, drinking and whistling. Zhu Yuanzhang pacified five states, captured Yuezhou, stationed in Jiulishan, heard his name, searched for it, set up a shogunate, and granted him advice to join the army, but failed. In the 19th year of Hui Zong in Yuan Dynasty (1359), Zhu Yuanzhang sought the crown by official. Guan refused to become a monk and expanded his room into a Baiyun Temple. Melodic death metal Yu Lanting Zhang Tian Temple. ?

Characteristics of works

Wang Mian is famous for painting plums, especially attacking ink plums. The plum blossoms he painted are simple, free and easy, and unique. His "Mo Mei Tu Juan" painted a horizontal branch of Mo Mei, with simple brushwork, beautiful branches and fresh and pleasing composition. Proper use of ink and shadow makes flowers bloom and fall.

The bud is fresh, free and easy, and full of vitality. His pen is very strong, and crochet has created a unique frustration method. Although it is not colored, it can vividly depict the smile of plum blossom. It not only shows the natural charm of plum blossom, but also reflects the painter's thoughts and feelings of high standards and seeking defeat alone. Coupled with the author's well-known seven-character painting poem, poetry and painting complement each other, making this painting an immortal work. At first, while herding cattle, Wang Mian bought some pigments with the money he had saved and learned to draw lotus flowers. He thought: what can't be learned in the world? How about I draw some strokes myself? I learned to draw lotus flowers. The painting was not good at first, but it improved greatly after three months, which is no different from the shape of flowers. Later, people rushed to buy his paintings. He used the money he got to buy something in memory of his mother. Wang Mian's poems sympathize with people's sufferings, condemn powerful people, despise fame and wealth, and describe rural seclusion, such as Wounding Pavilion Households, Women in the South of the Yangtze River, Song of Duijing, Wuji Qu, Mo Mei and Two Rhymes of Sword Songs. Poems of Zhu Zhai consists of three volumes and two sequels. He loved plum blossoms all his life, planted plum blossoms and Yongmei, attacked and painted plum blossoms, and was good at painting bamboo. Those who ask for help will follow them. There is nothing wrong with painting plum blossoms like Yang. Flowers are blooming, vegetation is vigorous and business is booming. Especially good at rouge as boneless body, unique style. It has a great influence on the masters of plum blossom painting in Ming Dynasty, such as Liu, Li, Wang and so on. The surviving paintings include three gentlemen's pictures and memes. Can manage printing, make printing with flower milk stone, and seal cutting is wonderful. There is a biography of Ming history.

Archaeology of Wang Mian

Anecdotal allusions

Wang Mian painted lotus. There was a great painter named Wang Mian in Ming Dynasty, who was best at painting lotus. Many people came from far away to get his lotus painting. Although Wang Mian was famous, he was poor when he was a child. He has to herd cattle for others during the day and study by himself at night. One day, when Wang Mian was herding cattle by the lake, it suddenly began to rain and stopped for a while, but the lotus and lotus leaves in the lake were washed clean by the rain. Wang Mian liked it so much that he wanted to draw it, so he quickly used his pocket money to buy paper and pens and began to draw. I didn't draw very well at first, but I kept drawing, and finally the more I drew, the more I looked like it, just like it was real. Wang Mian sold the lotus and took the money home to honor his mother. Because Wang Mian painted the lotus very well, the environment gradually improved, and many people rushed to buy it, so he stopped herding cattle for others. At the same time, his fame spread far and wide, and he eventually became a famous great painter in China. Wang Mian, a scholar in Wang Mian, is from Zhuji. When he was seven or eight years old, his father ordered Niu to go to school and sneak into the school to listen to the students' endorsements; Listen to yourself and learn from your memory. At dusk, I forgot my cow, and my father angered me. As good as ever. Mother said, "My son is so stupid that he doesn't listen to anything?" Because the crown is gone, I live by the monk temple. At night, I dive out and sit on the Buddha's lap. I will read with the ever-burning lamp. Buddha statues are full of clay figures, which are hideous and outrageous; Guaner, if you don't know. Koreans in Anyang have different personalities. They are recorded as disciples and studied as Confucian scholars. Sexual death, personal crown, in fact. When his father died, he raised his mother when she went to town. After a long time, Simu returned to her hometown, bought a cow and drove the mother car, which was taken away by Gu Guan. The children in the village scrambled to build the road and smiled, and so did the crown. Wang Mian is from Zhuji County. When he was seven or eight years old, his father told him to herd cattle on the ridge, and he sneaked into the school to listen to the students. After listening, I always remember it silently. When he came home at night, he forgot all the cows he was grazing. Wang Mian's father was furious and gave Wang Mian a good beating. After that, he was still like this. His mother said, "The child is so obsessed with reading, why not let him?" Wang Mian left home and stayed in a temple. At night, he sneaked out and sat on the Buddha's lap, holding a book in his hand. By the light of the ever-burning lamp in front of the Buddha, the sound of reading was read until dawn. Most of the Buddha statues are clay sculptures, all of which are ferocious and frightening. Child as Wang Mian is, he doesn't seem to see it. Han Xing, an Anyang native, was amazed when he heard about this man, so he accepted him as an apprentice, and Wang Mian soon became a well-read and knowledgeable Confucian scholar. After Han Xing's death, the owner of Han Xing treated the crown like Han Xing. At that time, Wang Mian's father had passed away, so Wang Mian took his mother to Yuecheng to raise her. After a long time, my mother was going back to her hometown. Wang Mian bought cows and built a car for her mother, and put on ancient clothes and followed. The children in the village gathered on both sides of the road to laugh, and Wang Mian himself smiled.

Poetry achievement

Wang Mian is an innocent farmer who has lived in difficulties all his life. His poems are full of rebellious spirit, revealing the national contradictions and class contradictions at that time, and showing deep concern for the fate of the motherland and the disasters of the working people. Most of his poems are included in Zhu Zhai's Poems. "A Concise Catalogue of Siku Quanshu" said: "The crown is crazy, the genius is easy to escape, and its body is vertical and horizontal, so it cannot be confined to norms." Liu Ji once had a correct evaluation of Wang Mian's poems. He said: "When I was in Hangzhou, I heard that Wang Yuanzhang was good at poetry, and all the literati praised him, but I hate not knowing." Only on the first day of Wu Jia (1354) did the poems written by Bird be fully watched. Cover straight without twisting, good quality, luxury without longevity, strangeness without strangeness, knowledge without exaggeration, loyalty to the monarch and love for the people, and the ambition to do everything except evil, are truly seen in the meaning of the word, not in acts, because of great respect. "At that time, some people opposed Wang Yuanzhang's poems, saying that' poetry aims at self-adaptation and is not conducive to criticism'". Liu Bowen refuted this kind of person and said, "What is evil about poetry? He said that in Yu Shu, "poetry expresses ambition". Bu Yu Xia said: "Poets, their desire lies in being exposed to weathering and being stabbed by the wind. He who speaks is innocent, but he who listens is enough to quit. "What is the fruit of evil poetry? Zhou Zuo toured for five years, and ordered his master to keep the national style, which made the poets vain and vain, chanting flowers and chanting the moon without saying anything about the world. What should the king do to abide by it? " (Preface to Zhu Zhai's Poems) Here Liu Ji expressed sympathy and admiration for Wang Mian's ability to serve the people and boldly accuse the people of their sufferings; At the same time, it criticized the school of singing and playing the moon with the purpose of self-adaptation of poetry. Song Lian also commented on Wang Yuanzhang's poems. He said: "When the weather is fine, there are thousands of poems, and the anger is overwhelming, and the reader's hair is stunned." (Song Lian's Biography of Wang Mian) In the third year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, Zhu Peng of Qiantang said, "Reading poetry is worth two people in the world. One day, Wang Feng, a native of Ximaoshan, cooked Wang Mian, a stone farmer. If it is two people, the last name is the same; When it happens, when it happens in Shan Ye, when it dies, it is reduced to death, which makes no difference. Speaking of poetry, it expresses its spirit, feels the chronicle of the times, and writes its openness and restraint in pottery, instead of being bound by the habits of the Yuan Dynasty. Also a hero. " (Preface to Zhu Zhai Poetry) In the fourth year of Jiaqing, Guo Yu of Yin Shan was ecstatic when he got a new engraving of Zhu Zhai by Wang Yuanzhang. Although it was autumn and winter at that time, he "looked at it by the light and didn't know that mosquitoes and flies were stinging and sweating." So he said, "My hometown is Yangtieya and Wangshanlong, and poetry is in the Yuan Dynasty." On the whole, these predecessors' comments are realistic. In the history of modern and contemporary literature, Wang Mian's poetry is also highly appraised, and it is believed that the poetry of Yuan Dynasty reached its peak in Wang Mian. Here are some selected songs. (1) Some people sympathize with the sufferings of the working people, such as "Jiangnan people": "Jiangnan people are sincere and pitiful, and the epidemic is even more rampant. The army is stationed in a million, and the rice barrel is worth 3000. Last year I went to farm, and this year I chose Ding Shoubian. The old man was hungry and turned to the ravine, and he was poor. " Regret for the Past: "The year before last, the eldest daughter sold her child last year. They are all forced by official taxes, not by hunger. Cloth wears out grass and clothes, and there is no frost and snow in a winter. These days, young and old are not in groups, and taxes are unknown. " (2) Some people exposed the tyranny of the ruling class in the Yuan Dynasty, such as "A Song of Happy Rain to Yao": "This year's drought is worth C, and Songkhla is more than one Wan Li. Rice grains are like mercury, and the whole world is half a ghost. There are no clouds in the south and no clouds in the north, and the white fields are like paper. My life is to sit in the ravine and sigh, and there are wolves and tigers walking during the day. " (3) Some reflect ethnic contradictions. For example, "The Road to Jizhou" reveals the bad behavior of the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty in destroying national culture: "Even if there are good children and grandchildren, they are no different from dogs and pigs. They have all become old men and don't know a word." When the rule of the Yuan Dynasty was about to collapse, he wrote the poem "Hull froze to death under the Great Wall, only then did he believe that there was still a spring in Jiangnan". (4) Some show his open-minded, aloof and upright mind, such as Lonely Tan Song: "Last night, the frost flew in the summer South China Sea, and the beauty in the mountains was relegated. Get up and rub the house loose, the color will not change as usual. You are generous when you wander around. This thing is a real pillar. Alas, since it is really a pillar, why doesn't the son of heaven be Fu Tang Ming! " Poets have their own ambitions, and often compare themselves to Zhuge Liang in their poems, such as "The thatched cottage wants to dream of plum blossoms, but suddenly it recalls that there is Wolong in Nanyang", and "There is no Wolong in the thatched cottage recently, and Mo Wen is a hero in the world". He used "loneliness" as a metaphor, which is precisely a sigh of loneliness and pain.

biography

The related biography Wang Mian studied painting 1, and the biography of Wang Mian-Wang Mian was written by Song Lian in the Song Dynasty and was from Zhuji. When he was seven or eight years old, his father ordered him to herd cattle on the dragon, so he sneaked into the school to listen to the students' endorsements and forgot his cattle at dusk. Or take the cow to blame the field, the father is angry, and it has been answered. Mother said, "My son is too stupid to listen to anything." I stayed in the Yi Monk Temple and sneaked out at night, sitting on the Buddha's lap, holding the idea of reflecting the ever-burning lamp. There are many clay figures in the Buddha statues, which are hideous and outrageous, and are crowned with children. Koreans in Anyang have different personalities. They are recorded as disciples and studied as Confucian scholars. Sexual death, personal crown, in fact. When the crown father dies, wait for the mother to go to town to raise it. After a long time, Simu returned to his hometown, bought a white cow and drove the mother car, which was taken away by Gu Guan. The children in the village are laughing and laughing. Li Xiaoguang, the author of this book, wants to recommend it as A History of Government. He said, "I have fields to farm and books to read. Do I have to go to court sooner or later to be a slave? " Every small building, guests arrive, enter the newspaper office, and the fate of boarding the ship is to board the ship. When the messenger arrived in the county seat, he sat down and asked for it immediately, but refused to leave. It is a shame for the emissary not to go to a hundred battles and lean on the building. The crown should have been repeatedly taken away by scholars and missed. Sighed: "This boy is a disgrace, can I drown?" Abandoned it. Buy a boat to Wu Dong, cross the river, enter Huai, enter Chu and visit famous mountains and rivers. Or meet wizards and chivalrous men and talk about ancient heroes, that is, drink together, be generous and sad, and be denounced as a crazy slave. Traveling north to Yan Dou, Qingtai, secretary of the stacks, no time at home. It didn't take much time to recommend him to the library, but Guan said, "You are so stupid! In less than ten years, foxes and rabbits have been swimming around here. What are you doing? " On this day, I will go to Nanyuan to meet my friend Wulin Road, and live and die in Luanyang. Only two young girls and one child will stay in Yan, helpless. Knowing it, I walked thousands of miles in Luanyang and took bones. Two women are still alive. Since the crown returned to Vietnam, it is said that the world will be in chaos. When there is nothing in the sea, or it is wrong to denounce the crown. Guan Yu said, "If the fool is not me, who should be the fool?" My wife and children and I are hiding in Jiulishan. Plant three acres of beans, twice as much as millet. There are thousands of plum blossoms, half of which are peaches and apricots. In the first area of taro, there are 100 portions of onions and leeks. Draw water into the pool and raise more than 1000 fish. There are three shacks. In the name of Plum Blossom House, I tried to imitate Zhou Li, wrote a book, sat down and kept secrets from people. Falling into a deeper silence, he picked up the lamp sarcastically. Then he caressed the roll and said, "I will die before me." It is not difficult for me to meet a wise Lord. When the weather is fine, Cao Cao's poems are endless, which makes readers shrug their shoulders in anger. People are not polite to the host and guest, and they are tireless in talking. You don't need to refuse to eat politely. If you are good at painting plums, you can make up instead of reducing them. Explorers look side by side, and the difference in length is the difference in meters. People laugh at it. Guan said, "I support my mouth, so how can I paint for others?" "A few days later, your soldiers got up, just like a crown. When the emperor took five States, he would attack Vietnam, seek the crown, set up a shogunate, be admonished to join the army, and die overnight. The crown is magnificent, beautiful, bearded and ambitious. You must die as little as possible, and the gentleman cherishes it. The historian said: When I was studying in the south of the city, I saw Meng getting crazier and crazier. On the day of heavy snow, I went diving barefoot in Yue Feng. I looked around and shouted, "white jade is synthesized all over the world, which makes people feel clear and want to go to heaven." "And into the city, wearing a big hat, such as bamboo, wearing robes to mop the floor, dancing, two hin laugh, overflowing the city. If you doubt him, the interviewer will ask him, that is, the crown. Crown is really strange to the people. If a horse doesn't drive, it's not enough to look at its wizards. A crown is also a husband! Wang Mian, a native of Zhuji, was told by his father to go to Gansu to herd cattle when he was seven or eight years old, but he sneaked into the school to listen to students. After listening, he silently remembered that sometimes he forgot to herd cattle when he came back at night. Sometimes people bring the cow back and complain that it stepped on his field. His father got angry and hit him hard, but he still wouldn't change. His mother said, "He is so persistent, why don't you let him?" Wang Mian therefore left home, lived near the temple, came out at night, sat on the Buddha's lap and lit the ever-burning lamp until dawn. Most of the Buddha statues are made of earth, which is ferocious and terrible. Child as Wang Mian is, he is not afraid at all. Han Xing of Anyang was surprised when he heard about it, so he accepted him as an apprentice and studied Confucianism. After Han Xing's death, his disciples treated Wang Mian with the same respect as Han Xing. At that time, Wang Mian's father had died, so he took his mother to Yuecheng for the aged. Later, he missed his mother and returned to his hometown. He bought a white cow and dragged his mother's car, while he followed the car in ancient clothes and hats. All the children in the country are scrambling to see and smile, and Wang Mian also smiled. Writer Li Xiaoguang wants to recommend Wang Mian as a junior official. Wang Mian scolded, "I have fields to plow and books to read. Do I still want to stand in the government with documents all day and be enslaved? " He often lives in a small building. When a guest came, the doorman reported that the guest could not go up until he climbed up. An emissary passed by the city and immediately asked to see him, but he refused. The emissary walked less than fifty paces and roared against the building, which made the emissary feel ashamed. Wang Mian was admitted to Jinshi many times, but he came last. He sighed. "This is something the children are ashamed of. How can I indulge in it? " So I gave up. He hired a boat to go to Wu Dong, crossed the river, entered Huai and Chu, and traveled all over the famous mountains and rivers. Sometimes I meet wizards and chivalrous men, talk about the deeds of ancient heroes, and immediately drink together and recite poems to express my generosity and indignation. Others called him a crazy slave. Go north to Yanjing, live in the secretary's house, and live in Qingtai Buhua. Taibuhua recommended him to work in the History Museum. He said, "You are so ignorant! In less than ten years, it will be a place where foxes and rabbits play. What kind of official should it be? " I was going back to the south that day and met his friend Lu, who was born in Luanyang and died in Luanyang. Only two young girls were left, and an extremely young girl stayed in Yanjing. I don't know what to do. After Wang Mian knew this, he traveled thousands of miles to Luanyang, retrieved Lu Sheng's bones, and took the two girls back to their homes. After Wang Mian returned to Yuecheng, he declared that there would be chaos in the world. At that time, China had nothing, and some people said he was arrogant. He said: "I am not arrogant, who else is arrogant?" So he took his wife and children to live in seclusion in Jiulishan. Plant three acres of beans and double the millet. Plant thousands of plum blossoms and 500 peaches and apricots. I also planted taro, garlic and leek in a field 100. In addition, more than 1000 fish were raised by diverting water to dig ponds. He built three huts and named them Plum Blossom House. Wang Mian once wrote a book imitating The Book of Rites, and kept it with him at any time, not to show it to others. Take it out late at night. Then I touched the book and said, "As long as I don't die, I will take this book to see a wise master, and things like Yi Yin and Lu Shang can be realized." When the weather is fine, he writes poems with a piece of paper, which is full of momentum and makes readers stand up straight with excitement. When guests come, they don't need gifts from their hosts and guests, and they won't get tired of talking all day. Eat the food as soon as it comes, don't delay. He is good at drawing plum blossoms, not inferior to Yang Buzhi. Many people asked him to draw, and he decided how many meters he needed to change according to the length of the picture scroll. Someone laughed at him, and he said, "I live on it." Do you think I like to help others draw? " Soon, an uprising broke out in Ruying, just as Rainbow Mian said: After Zhu Yuanzhang captured Wuzhou, he was about to attack Yuecheng, found Wang Mian, asked him to be his aide, and was appointed as a counselor to join the army. But one night, he died of illness. Unfortunately, Wang Mian, who was tall, handsome, upright and ambitious, died before practicing. The author said: When I was studying in the south of the city, Cai Meng said there was a madman in Yuecheng. When it snowed heavily, he went diving barefoot in Yue Feng. He looked around and shouted, "The world is made of white jade, which makes people feel peaceful and clear, as if they were going to become immortals." ; When I entered the city, I wore a hat as big as a sieve and a robe that swept the floor. I danced and danced with my sleeves flying and laughed all over the street. I doubted whether there was such a person, so I asked someone who knew him. It turned out to be Wang Mian. He's such a freak! The horse can't ride, which shows its brilliance, and so can Wang Mian! 2. Wang Mian (1287—1359) was born in the Ming Dynasty, with the name Yin, from the old village, Zhutang, Shannong in Zhu Shi, Fan Niuweng, Waishi in Huiji, owner of plum blossoms, and Zhuji (now Zhuji, Zhejiang). A poor young shepherd sneaked into the school to listen to students' recitation, returned at dusk, killed his sheep and was chased by his father. Because walking in the Buddhist temple, sitting on the Buddha's lap at night, studying with the ever-burning lamp on. Will record the differences in the nature of Koreans and record them as disciples, later called Tongru. Repeatedly cited Jinshi, unexpectedly abandoned it, bought a boat, crossed the river, entered Huaichu, and traveled to famous mountains and rivers. Go north to Yan Dou. Back in Vietnam, I took my wife and hid in Jiulishan. Good at painting bamboo stones, especially ink plums. Those who ask, shoulder to shoulder, get the difference between meters, and people laugh at them. Yue: "How can I be a painter for others if I keep my mouth shut?" It is also carved, and it is carved with the cat's eye in the crown. When Ming Taizu takes Wuzhou, he will attack Vietnam, find a crown, establish a shogunate, and approve his proposal to join the army. At the age of 73. Zheng Zheng nine years (1349), I tried to write "Three Gentlemen's Map" for Tao Jiucheng, with double hooks and white lines, and my pen was extremely stiff and full of charm. There is also "Memetu", which is tall, straight, round and full of business. Are hidden in the galleries of the Forbidden City in Beijing. Zhu Zhai's poems.