As a descendant of the Chinese people, do you know the origin of our nation? The origin of Chinese descendants actually comes from two important nationalities in ancient China, one is the ancient Chinese nationality and the other is the ancient Qiang nationality. After thousands of years of absorption and integration, the Huaxia nationality has gradually transformed into the main nationality of the Chinese nation-the Han nationality. After thousands of years of differentiation and integration, some of the ancient Qiang people have integrated into the Han nationality and become important members of the Han nationality. What's more, after gradual differentiation, it has become an important source of more than a dozen independent nationalities today. The ethnic origin history of these ethnic groups is closely related to the ancient Qiang people. As Fei Xiaotong, a famous sociologist, said: Qiang is a blood transfusion nation, and many ethnic groups have Qiang descent. There are still some people who basically follow the ancient way of life and stubbornly maintain their own cultural traditions, which are still preserved as an independent national form to this day. This is the contemporary Qiang people who live in the upper reaches of Minjiang River. With every step of Chinese civilization, the Qiang people came step by step from ancient times. Long before Han and Tibetan. It is the oldest nation in China and the oldest nation in the world. It is an oriental family neglected by history and people.

Up to now, the oldest and most mature script found in China is Oracle Bone Inscriptions, which is the representative script of Shang Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago. There is one and only writing in Oracle Bone Inscriptions about the appellation of a nation (or clan or tribe), that is "Qiang", which is the earliest human race numbering record in China. Say cloth: "Strong, Xirong shepherd, from sheep to people, sheep also sound." Qiang, which belongs to him, was the general name of nomadic peoples in the west (Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Tibet and Sichuan) by the tribes in the Central Plains at that time. Therefore, it can be said with certainty that the frontier ethnic group is by no means a single ethnic group. They have different languages, costumes, customs, etc. The only thing in common may be the nomadic lifestyle of "living on weeds".

According to historical records, after the three seedlings of the ancient Qiang people, "Textual Research on Poetry Geography" said: "The Qiang people are surnamed Jiang, and the three seedlings are in danger. Today's Zhan, Dang and Song States are all Qiang lands. " "Historical Records of the Five Emperors" says: "Move three seedlings and rebuild Xirong." "Biography of Western Qiang in the Later Han Dynasty" said: "Western Qiang originated from Sanmiao, and its surname is different. Its country is near Nanyue. And the four evils of Liu Shun, the migration of three dangers, the land of the Kansai Qiang. "

At the end of Yangshao culture (about 3000 BC), two tribes of Yan and Huang appeared in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. The differentiation of Yan Emperor's surnames Jiang, Jiang and Qiang is a different expression of matriarchal society and paternal society, and it is often used interchangeably in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Both Jiang and Qiang people are like people wearing horned headdresses, representing primitive nomadic tribes with sheep as their totem, which originated in northwest China. "Yu Jin Guo Yu": "In the past, I married the Qiao family with insects and gave birth to the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor was made of water, and the Yan Emperor was made of Jiang Shui. Success is different from virtue, so the Yellow Emperor is the discipline and the Yan Emperor is the ginger. " Yan Di is an ancient Qiang tribe with many tribes. In later wars, most Yan Di tribes merged with Huangdi tribes and became Huaxia (the ancestor of Han people today). The other part merged with the local aborigines to the west or south, and became the ancestors of other nationalities in the Sino-Tibetan language family except Han and Qiang, such as Tibetans, Yi and Naxi.

About 2 100 BC, Dayu, an ancient Qiang descendant who was good at water control, succeeded to the throne as the leader of the tribal alliance. According to historical records, Yu is the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the great-grandson of the Emperor Zhuan Xu. For the peace of the people all over the world, I bid farewell to the mountains in my hometown and started a long road of water control. He devoted himself to controlling floods and dredging nine rivers, with outstanding achievements. There is also the beautiful biography of King Dayu's "three things in the hall"! Queen Dayu came to break the "abdication system" and passed it on to her son Qi, the "Xia Qi" in history. After he ascended the throne, the first official country in China history was established in Yangcheng (now Dengfeng County, Henan Province), which lasted for more than 500 years.

In 22 1 BC, Ying Zheng, the first Qin Emperor, destroyed the six countries and unified the world, establishing the first centralized feudal country in the history of China, and starting a feudal society of more than 2,000 years. Qin Shihuang was born in the capital of Zhao. According to historical records, King Xiang of Zhuang lived in Zhao Weiqin, met Ji, accepted it with pleasure and proclaimed himself emperor. In the first month of 48 years, Qin Zhao was born in Handan. Through studying historical documents and repeated field visits, experts put forward the general location of Handan, the birthplace of Qin Shihuang. Handan decided to build a memorial hall for Qin Shihuang's birthplace in Chengzhong Street near his birthplace. In Songpinggou, Maoxian County, where the Qiang people live together today, there is a saying that their ancestors started from Qin Shihuang. Some people think that the statement that "Qin was a soldier, but he didn't doubt himself" is wrong and lacks reliable evidence, which goes against the basic historical facts of ancient times and the conclusions of modern research. Qin people are composed of the following parts. First of all, the winner of the westward migration named Huaxia claimed to be a descendant of Zhuan Xu Department of the Yellow Emperor. According to historical research, they are closely related to Shao Hao, a native of Dongyi. Zhao of Shandong and Zhao of Hebei are both relatives. In any case, it is certain that they are Chinese people, which is proved by a large number of ancient historical materials and archaeological discoveries, and is also recognized by Chinese and foreign academic circles. Some of the Qin people were adherents of Zhou who stayed in Shaanxi after the demise of Zhou, and the Duke of Qin was ordered by the King of Zhou to explore the west and was taken by the people. Qin Gong destroyed the twelve Rong countries because there were a large number of Rong people in China. Moreover, after Shang Yang's political reform, Qin attracted countless Kanto people to Qin Weimin. So it is wrong to say that Qin people are Rong people. Qin people once had martial customs, but they still claimed to be "Huaxia". In the Warring States period, they merged with the Huaxia people in the Central Plains. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Qin Shihuang moved eastward to Xianyang, Shaanxi. According to historical records, Qin Shihuang was superstitious in his later years and listened to what the alchemist called "Wu Qin Hu Ye". It was General Meng Tian who sent 300,000 troops to attack Hu in the north, slightly taking the land of Henan ... while Meng Tian crossed the river to take Gaoque, Yangshan and the northern holiday, built pavilions and barricades, and drove away the Rong people. Migration is the beginning of the county. In the Han Dynasty, the Qiang people in Sichuan established the Qiang State of Yak Tsing Yi, which governs Xichang, Ganzi, Ya 'an and Leshan, with Lingguan Town in Baoxing County as its capital. During the Western Han Dynasty, the population of Qiang people in Hanyang (Tianshui), Jincheng (Lanzhou), Anbeidi and Longxi counties in northwest China reached 259,990 households, with 100 1802 people. By the time of the Sixteen Countries in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, people in the northwest had successively established Cheng (Cheng Han), Qian Qin, Xia, and Hou Zhao, but all of them were short-lived and lacked vitality and influence.

In 88 1 year (at the end of the Tang Dynasty), the Tangut Qiang people established the Zhou Xia regime in Zhou Xia (now Baichengzi at the junction of Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi), ruling Zhou Xia, Sui, Yin and Yi. Xia Guo is a country with Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Qingdangxiang Qiang as the main body, including other ethnic groups in the northwest. There are eight clans in the Tangut Qiang nationality: Xifeng clan, Feiting clan, Wang Li clan, Manchao clan, Ye Li clan, Mishuo clan and Tuoba clan, among which Tuoba clan is the strongest and plays a leading role. After being invaded by Tubo, he applied to the Tang government to move to Shaanxi and Ningxia.

In A.D. 103 1 year, the 11th Taizu Li Deming died, and his son succeeded to the throne, named Xia. In A.D. 1032, Yuan Hao changed his surname to the Ming family, calling himself "Woods" (Qing), with the title "Daxia" (because he was in the west of the Song Dynasty, the Song Dynasty was called "Xixia"), and the year was the first year of Xia Enlightenment. The territory of Xixia includes most of Gansu, all of Ningxia, northwestern Shaanxi and parts of Qinghai and Inner Mongolia. It has jurisdiction over 32 states, with Xingqing House (now Yinchuan) as its capital. In A.D. 1226, Temujin, a Mongolian, led the troops to attack the summer. The following year, the Mongolian army destroyed Zhucheng in the summer, and the people suffered heavy casualties. In order to avoid more casualties and losses of the people, Xia Emperor surrendered at the end of 2 1 century. Mongolian generals respected Temujin's legacy, killed Xia Jian and destroyed the tomb of Daxia. So far, Daxia Kingdom perished in 346 and 1227, and its descendants are still distributed in Taopingxiang, Lixian County, Aba Prefecture and Danba, Ganzi Prefecture.

Sichuan was Bashu in ancient times and Liangzhou in summer. Bashu is a frontier strongman, and Can Cong (the former residence of Silkworm Mausoleum in Diexi Town, Maoxian County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, whose remains were destroyed in the Diexi earthquake on August 25th, 0933 15) is king. Li Bai sang in "Difficult Road to Shu" that "it was not until the misty ages of the two Dynasties that the rulers of this area were pushed past". In the same area, the ancient Qiang people also established Ranmang (pronounced "Rrmea"), which is the former residence of 300,000 Qiang people today. The jurisdiction includes Maoxian, Wenchuan, Lixian, Heishui, Songpan, Jiuzhaigou, Marcand, Jinchuan, Xiaojin, Rangtang, Aba, Hongyuan and Zoige counties in Sichuan. During the Three Kingdoms period (AD 22 1 year), the territory still included Dujiangyan (formerly Du 'an County, Gifu County and guanxian), Pengxian County (formerly Baima County and Xingle County), Beichuan County (formerly Shiquan County), Qingchuan County (formerly Guangwu County) and Pingwu County (formerly Gangdi County). The capital of Qiang people in Han Dynasty is Fengyi Town, Maoxian County.

In addition, there are other types of ancient Qiang people, such as Jiang Shirong, Xian Ling Qiang, Shaodang Qiang, Zhong Qiang (Zhong Cun Qiang), Lejie Qiang, Pei Nan Qiang, Party Construction Qiang, Han Qiang Qiang, Biandong Qiang, Ren Qian Qiang, Bajie Qiang, Fenyang Qiang, Xiang Jie Qiang, Shaohe Qiang, Gongtang Qiang, Quanwu Qiang, Heishui Qiang and Beitang Qiang. Dangxiang Qiang, Baigou Qiang, Gelin Qiang, Qiang, Du Qiang, Baoba Qiang, Qiang, Black Qiang, Luodagu Qiang, Qiang, Caopo Qiang, Qingpian Qiang, Neighbouring Qiang, Qiang, Zuofeng Qiang, Zizu Qiang, Lintai Qiang, Qiang, Yan Ge Qiang and Wei (Wei).