(1296 ~ 137 1 year)

Zi Ming 'an (Ming 'er), also known as Zhao Rui, is called Yan Duan and Naian. Han nationality.

Native place: Baima Farm in Xinghua (now Jiangsu). Originally from Hailing County, Taizhou, he lived in Shijia Lane outside Nagato, Suzhou, and then moved to Baijuchang, Xinghua County (now Baiju Town, Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province).

Identity: China, a famous ancient writer, was born at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, and the author of the novel Water Margin. In the 19th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1540), Gao Ru's "Hundred Rivers Records" contained: "Loyalty and Righteousness have Water Margin 100 Volume. Qiantangben Edited by Luo Guanzhong. " In the 45th year of Jiajing, Lang Ying called this book "The Book of Qiantang Shi Naian" in Seven Manuscripts. During the Wanli period, Hu Yinglin pointed out in "Shao's Mountain House Pen Collection": "The Water Margin compiled by Zhongshi in Wulin is particularly popular." Today, people agree that Shi Naian is the author of Water Margin.

[Edit this paragraph] Life story

There are few materials about Shi Naian's life story, and some records collected are quite contradictory. Since the 1920s, some related materials have been found in Xinghua, Dafeng and other places in Jiangsu Province, such as Shi's genealogy and Shi's genealogy. In addition, supplement 13 of Xinghua County Records contains 65,438+0 biographies of Shi Naian, and supplement 14 contains 65,440 epitaphs of Shi Naian written by Wang Daosheng in the early Ming Dynasty.

According to the analysis of these materials:

Shi Naian is a descendant of Shi Zhi, one of the seventy-two sons of Confucius. The descendants of Shi Zhi in the late Tang Dynasty took Suzhou as their home. His father's name is Yuan De and his mother is Bian Shi (Bian Shi's descendants also moved to Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province).

Shi Naian is smart, studious, talented, filial and brave.

19 years old is a scholar, 28 years old is a juren, and 36 years old is a scholar with Liu Bowen.

He served as an official in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) for three years. Because he was dissatisfied with the darkness of officialdom, he didn't want to meet dignitaries, gave up his official position and returned to his hometown. When Zhang Shicheng rose up against Yuan, Shi Naian took part in his military activities. After Zhang occupied the Soviet Union, he participated in the planning under his protection and was closely related to his Ministry. Later Shi Naian, Lu Yuan, Liu Liang, Chen Ji, etc. Disappointed, they left one after another because Zhang was greedy for pleasure and lacked advice. When he left Lu and Liu, he made a divertimento "New Water Farewell to Qiu Jiang" to express his generous grief. Soon, Zhang Shicheng died and the country was ruined. Stone travels all over the world, roaming in Shandong and Henan. He befriended her, was taught by Yuncheng County, and then lived with her teacher in the early days of the Xu family in Jiangyin. Later, he returned to his old white pony, unable to live in seclusion, and felt that the situation was going downhill. He wrote The Water Margin as his sustenance, and together with his disciple Luo Guanzhong, he wrote The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and The Biography of Sansui Pingyao. He is also good at poetry, but it is rarely circulated. Besides the divertimento Qiu Jiang Farewell, there are other poems handed down, such as Gu Ti's poems and Liu Liang's poems. Shi Naian hid in Huai 'an to avoid the Ming Dynasty conscription, died of illness and was buried on the spot at the age of 75. Decades after Shi Naian's death, Sun Wenyu's family business flourished, and his ancestor Naian was buried in Baiju West Lake (now Shijiaqiao Village, Xinduo Town, Xinghua City, Jiangsu Province), and Wang Daosheng was asked to write an epitaph.

In the 19th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1540), Gao Ru's "Hundred Rivers Record" contained: "Loyalty and Righteousness Water Margin 100 Volume. Qiantangben Edited by Luo Guanzhong. " In the forty-five years of Jiajing, Lang Ying said in the Seven Drafts: "This book is Shi Naian Qiantang Book. During the Wanli period, Hu Yinglin pointed out in "Shao's Mountain House Pen Collection": "The Water Margin compiled by Zhongshi in Wulin is particularly popular. "Today, people agree that Shi Naian is the author of Water Margin. Others think it was co-authored by disciple Luo Guanzhong or a sequel by Luo Guanzhong.

Judging from the existing historical materials, Shi Naian still exists, but there are few records of his life story in the history books. Even though some materials are clearly recorded, the authenticity and credibility of the materials themselves have not been recognized so far. We think he is probably from Hangzhou and has lived in Hangzhou for at least a long time. Some people speculate that he may be a book club talent who specializes in writing scripts for storytellers, or he may be a storyteller who is good at writing calligraphy. He lived in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. My ancestral home is Gusu, my name is Zi An, and the word is An. He was born in Shen Bing (1296) and was born in Yuan Zhen. He is a young man and has written a good article. Later, he was a scholar of Shunzhi Xinweike (133 1). He also worked as an official in Qiantang for two years, but he was too ambitious to get it. Some people say that he had a good relationship with Zhang Shicheng, the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Yuan Dynasty. Bian recommended Zhang Shicheng as the chief of staff, but Zhang Shicheng repeatedly refused. It is said that once Zhang Shicheng personally visited him and saw him writing a book "The Legend of the Hawker in the Jianghu" in his study, which is also called "The Water Margin". Later, when Zhang Shicheng was defeated, Shi Naian moved his family to Huai 'an to avoid disaster and continued to write for entertainment. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang also issued an imperial decree asking him to be an official, but he still couldn't stand being an official and accumulated a good reputation in the local area. He died a few years after he finished writing Water Margin.

[Edit this paragraph] Shi Naian Tomb, Shi Naian Memorial Hall, Xinghua, Jiangsu

Shi Naian Memorial Hall is located on Huajiadui in the western suburb of Baiju Town (once affiliated to xinghua city) in Dafeng City. It is said that it is the place where Shi Naian wrote books. Surrounded by water and dense reeds, it has a strong flavor of Water Margin. When tourists come here, they will doubt that they really came to Liao Erwa in Shui Bo, Liangshan. Located in the center of Huajiaduo, the memorial hall is an ancient residential building with three entrances, east and west compartments and small bricks. It is surrounded by a white wall. The first entrance is the entrance hall, and above the fan door is the plaque of "Shi Naian Memorial Hall" inscribed by the calligraphy master Qi Gong.

Shi Naian was born in Shijiaqiao outside Nagato, Suzhou. According to Shi's Genealogy, Yan Duan is a descendant of Confucius, one of the seventy-two sages. His father is a boatman. At the age of 65,438+03, he went to Hushuguan private school to study, and at the age of 65,438+09, he was a scholar. He married Ji, and won a prize at the age of 29.

In order to escape the war, Shi Naian moved here to live in seclusion and wrote Water Margin. According to folklore, Zhang Shicheng rose up against Yuan, called the prince of Wu to Pingjiang (Suzhou) and hired him as a military adviser. Later, Zhang Shicheng reduced his salary to Yuan, refused to persuade him, and left his post to sit in Torinji, Zhutang, Jiangyin. Zhu Yuanzhang sent troops to besiege Pingjiang and the war spread to Jiangyin. Shi Naian remembered that Gu Ting, a friend of Songjiang Tongzhi and Jiaxing Daotongzhi, was from Xinghua. There is a remote place, surrounded by water, with inconvenient transportation. There has always been a saying that "Zhaoyang (Xinghua alias) has been good at avoiding soldiers since ancient times", so I specially sent someone to send Gu Ting a letter with a poem:

Wandering around the world, I found a good home in Yangshan (referring to Zhaoyang, improvisation).

May grass plant many kinds of trees, but don't teach plums to bear fruit like melons. (At that time, the folk song: "Li Sheng cucumber, the people are homeless")

After reading the letter, Gu Ting immediately wrote back to Shi Naian, welcoming him to take refuge in Xinghua. The letter also answered a poem:

I came from Jiangnan for advice and sent a smile to my old colleague.

This is not heaven. Where can Taoyuan avoid Qin?

After receiving the letter, Shi Naian left his eldest brother Yan Ming in Suzhou, took his second wife Shen Shi, his second brother Chae Yeon and his master Luo Guanzhong, braved the strong wind, crossed the Jiangbei River, stayed at Gu Ting Xinghua's home first, and then, with the help of Gu Ting, bought land and real estate at Baima Farm, a sparsely populated seaside east of Xinghua, and lived a secluded life of water economy. He met many farmers and salt people. When writing this book, Shi Naian wrote two poems:

Emperor Taiping sat in the middle, and the cautious officials were divided into four parts.

But see the fat sheep but not the elders, and don't smell the horse moving generals.

I'm a family business, and I want to send an essay with a eulogy.

Don't learn from the southeast, there are clouds in the northwest.

Generally speaking, life is a mound, and so is a hundred years.

The plow is safe and respectful to the chariot, and the sudden temperature is better than the fur.

Zi is an empty tiger, Zhuang Sheng is a cow.

The night is cold, thin and drunk, and the language is not surprising.

The first one is about confessing one's political ideals, hoping that a wise monarch can rule the world and let the people live and work in peace and contentment, and there will be no more wars. The second book is about his quiet life of writing books in seclusion, which is not obvious in this world, but it is also very comfortable and comfortable. However, the fact is not what Shi Naian thought. After the Water Margin was written, it spread to the palace and spread like wildfire. Zhu Yuanzhang said: "This book is also a book that advocates chaos. This person must have a conspiracy." He ordered Shi Naian to be imprisoned for more than a year. After being rescued by Liu Bowen, Yu Ming was released in Hongwu for three years and died in Huai 'an on the way.

After his death, his first 12 grandson Shi Dianbang initiated the transformation of his former residence in Baiju Town into a stone ancestral hall. Later, after several repairs and expansions, it became Sanjin, and there was an auditorium next to the hall. The first entrance is the hall, which has a teahouse; The second is the bookstore where the artist said "Water Margin"; The third entrance is Yin Fu Hall, which is dedicated to the spirits of Shi Naian, the ancestor of a thousand lines, and his descendants, and is used to worship ancestors here every spring and autumn. Unfortunately, the Stone Temple was destroyed in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. In the early 1990s, the Ministry of Culture and the People's Government of Jidafeng County, Jiangsu Province raised funds in various ways, referring to Fudan University in Shanghai.