Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was born in the last year and died in the first year of Baoying. After his death, he was called Emperor Xiaoming, so many people have called him Emperor Xiaoming, Emperor Chengzu and Emperor Tang Ming since the late Tang Dynasty. He is the great-grandson of Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin. At the age of one and a half, Wu Zetian was made king of Chu. At the age of five, Wu Zetian abolished Tang Ruizong, established herself as emperor, and changed her name to Da Zhou. At the age of nine, his mother Dou Shi was secretly executed by Wu Zetian. In the first year of Shenlong, Zhang Jian, Huan and other ministers took advantage of Wu Zetian's serious illness to launch a coup, forcing Wu Zetian to abolish the throne. After Tang Zhongzong acceded to the throne, she became the queen of Wei. Wei is ambitious and smells like an emperor. Zhongzong is a master of stupidity and darkness, and his political power is gradually in the hands of Wei Hou. However, there are not many talents after Wei Hou. She colluded with her daughter Princess Anle and Wu Zetian's nephew Wu Sansi, and the government was corrupt. In the second year of Zhong Jinglong, Li Longji became the leader of Luzhou and actively recruited talents to prepare for the future coup. Soon,

In the fourth year of Emperor Jingdi, after Wei Hou poisoned Zhongzong, 16-year-old Li Zhongmao immediately proclaimed himself emperor, claiming that he had real power in the dynasty. Li Longji took this opportunity to launch a coup, executed Wei Hou, Princess Anle and their henchmen, forced Li Zhongmao to abdicate, forced his father Li Dan to reset, and Li Longji was crowned Crown Prince. Tang Ruizong restored Li Dan, and her sister Princess Taiping also made a lot of efforts. Because of her power, they gradually mastered government affairs. Four of the seven prime ministers at that time were their confidants and partners. In order to better consolidate their power, Princess Taiping plotted to abolish Prince Li Longji and establish another weak, honest and obedient prince. She planted many eyes and ears around Li Longji, asking them to monitor Li Longji's actions and report to her at any time. Princess Taiping knows everything and every move of Li Longji. She still gossips in front of Li Zongrui Dan. In order to provoke the relationship between father and son, Zong Rui, who has no opinion, has to doubt the prince. At this time, it was said that an emergency soldier would enter the palace in five days. When he called ministers to discuss this matter, Zhang Yue said, "This must be the one who set off the relationship between monarch and minister. If your majesty orders the prince to supervise the country, and the monarch and the minister are separated, rumors will naturally arise. " Zong Rui thinks this statement makes sense, so he goes to Jingyun in February of the following year.

In the first year of Yanhe River, a comet appeared in the sky. Princess Taiping instructed her cronies to say to Zong Rui, "It changes from the sky, and the crown prince will have a son one day." This was originally intended to provoke the relationship between Zong Rui and the prince, but it backfired and became a reality. Zong Rui immediately decided to give way to Germany and pass the throne to Li Longji. After Li Longji acceded to the throne, Princess Taiping's power increased greatly, and they even prepared to send troops to attack the palace and execute Xuanzong. Faced with such a critical situation, Xuanzong immediately decided to strike first. On July 3, the following year, the announcement was made, and all the confidants were removed. Later, Zong Rui also completely surrendered power, and 29-year-old Tang Xuanzong came to power. 65438+February 1, the national Amnesty was changed to "Kaiyuan". In order to consolidate the imperial power and prevent disasters, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty adopted Yao Chong's suggestion. The coup hero was demoted to the state and county secretariat, and the king also ordered the assassination of other countries; At the same time, the imperial army was reorganized, its leader Wang Maozhong was executed, and the North Gate Fourth Army was established. Eunuch Gao Lishi personally commanded the Dragonfly Imperial Army to ensure the safety of the emperor. During the Kaiyuan period, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty made great efforts to achieve political clarity, economic prosperity, social stability and people's living and working in peace and contentment, which was closely related to his efforts in the following aspects.

Reduce redundant staff and rectify official management. In view of the large number of bureaucrats at that time and the huge expenditure of the state treasury, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty reduced the number of redundant officials from ten to nine. Idle government offices have also been streamlined, thus improving efficiency. On this basis, Tang Xuanzong paid more attention to selecting some truly talented people to be officials. His appointed Prime Ministers Yao Chong, Song, Han Xiu and Zhang Jiuling were all outstanding talents at that time. Tang Xuanzong also attached great importance to the selection of local officials. In the fourth year of Kaiyuan, he personally reviewed the county magistrate selected by the official department.

Tang Xuanzong was good at guiding and his mistakes were corrected. Xuanzong once sent people to Jiangnan to catch waterfowl. Some people think that this will hinder agriculture. "Road watchers should not pay attention to birds with your majesty's bitch." Seeing such sharp words, Tang Xuanzong did not blame them, but rewarded them and immediately stopped catching waterfowl. Han Xiu's outspoken suggestions are unique, so every time he made a small mistake, Emperor Xuanzong was worried. Tang Xuanzong sighed: "Although I am thin, the world will still be fat. I use Han Xiu for the ears of the country, not for the body. " Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty also adopted the advice of Song Wangjing during the Kaiyuan period, and restored the remonstrance system implemented during the Zhenguan period, encouraging remonstrance but not avoiding it. This not only made the next situation possible, but also prevented and corrected many mistakes made by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty.

Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty suppressed extravagance and advocated frugality. In the second year of Kaiyuan, in order to show his determination to the ministers, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered some pearls and jade treasures hidden in the inner hall to be piled up and burned in front of the temple, and stipulated that empresses were not allowed to worship pearls and jade treasures. The whole country holds pearls and jade, carves and plays with ornaments, and weaves gorgeous beads and ropes. Offenders will be punished with 100 sticks. He will also send home the unnecessary maids in the palace and forbid the extravagance and waste of the nobles.

Attach importance to the development of agricultural production. In order to increase the labor force, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered the elimination of monks and nuns in the world in the second year of Kaiyuan, forcing more than 10,000 people to return to the customs. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty also attached great importance to water conservancy construction, improved the irrigation system in Guanzhong Plain, and removed nitrate that affected waterways, which benefited the people a lot. In the third or fourth year of Kaiyuan, locust plagues occurred in Shandong and Henan. Xuanzong listened to Yao Chong's suggestion and urged all counties to do their best to eliminate locusts. Therefore, pests are reduced. It also reclaimed 5 million mu of land in Hedong Road, Guannei Road and Henan Road, which solved the problem of food supply for the army. At that time, due to the gradual destruction of the land sharing system, the phenomenon of land merger and escape was serious. In the ninth year of Kaiyuan, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty sent envoys overseas to inspect fleeing families and fields and persuade farmers. After several years of efforts, we have collected more than 800,000 customers.

In the heyday of Kaiyuan, social material culture was highly prosperous. Du Fu's poem "Remembering the past" praised: "Recalling the prosperity of Kaiyuan, there are still hundreds of filial piety. Rice fertilizer, corn white, public and private warehouses are sufficient and solid. There are no tigers on Kyushu road, so long-distance travel is effortless. However, since the late Kaiyuan period, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty turned from Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty. After accepting Yang Yuhuan as the imperial concubine, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty indulged in pleasure. In order to satisfy Yang's extravagant demands, there are 700 embroidery workers and hundreds of carving and melting workers in the imperial concubine's yard. Not only the imperial concubine, her brothers and sisters and other precious pet rooms have been given too many rewards and consumed a lot of state property. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty improperly employed people and successively handed over state power to Li, Yang and Li. Li is witty, clever and jealous.

In the 14th year of Tianbao, An Lushan ruled Pinglu, Fanyang and Hedong. After years of preparation, he led the army to launch a rebellion in Fanyang. In the name of attacking Yang, they fought in the south and occupied quickly. The accompanying soldiers mutinied, killed Yang and forced Xuanzong to hang Yang Guifei. Tang Xuanzong finally fled to Chengdu for refuge, while Prince Hengli fled to the north and was at the mercy of Su Zong. Emperor Xuanzong abdicated to the emperor. In the second year from Tang Suzong to Germany, Tang Jun successively recovered Chang 'an and Luoyang, and Tang Xuanzong returned to Chang 'an from Chengdu. In the first year of Shang and Yuan Dynasties, with the support of Li, Li led the army to stick to Kanluoji in the west of the city. In the first year of Baoxing, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty died of infighting at the age of 78.