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What is an embedded operating system?
1. embedded Linux

Linux (embedded Linux is a special Linux operating system after miniaturization and cutting of standard Linux, which can be solidified in a memory chip or single chip microcomputer with a capacity of only a few KB or MB, and is suitable for specific embedded applications. At present, about half of the successfully developed embedded systems use embedded Linux.

This is inseparable from the excellent characteristics of its parent Linux itself.

First of all, the hierarchical structure of Linux system is clear, and the kernel is completely open. Linux consists of many small and high-performance microkernels and systems. On the premise that the kernel code is completely open, users in different fields and at different levels can easily cut the kernel according to their own application requirements, and design and develop an embedded system that really meets their own needs at low cost.

Secondly, Linux has powerful network support functions. Linux was born in the Internet, and has the characteristics of UNIX, which ensures that it supports all standard Internet protocols, and can use the network protocol stack of Linux to develop embedded TCP/IP network protocol stack.

Thirdly, Linux has a complete tool chain, and it is easy to build the development environment and cross-running environment of embedded system by itself, which can overcome the obstacles of simulation tools in embedded system development. Generally, the program debugging and tracking of embedded operating system are realized by emulator, but when Linux system is taken as the prototype, we can bypass this obstacle and directly use the kernel debugger to debug the kernel of operating system.

Finally, Linux has a wide range of hardware support features. Whether RISC or CISC, whether 32-bit or 64-bit processor, Linux can run on it. The most commonly used microprocessor in Linux is Intel X86 chip family, but it can also run on embedded processors, which means that embedded Linux will have a broader application prospect.

Embedded Linux, like Linux, has the advantages of low cost, multi-hardware platform support, excellent performance and good network support. In addition, in order to better adapt to the development of embedded field, embedded Linux has made some improvements on the basis of Linux, such as changing its kernel structure from monolithic structure to microkernel structure, and at the same time improving the real-time performance of the system.

Embedded Linux, like Linux, has many versions, and different versions add specific mechanisms in kernel and other aspects for different needs.

At present, Mr. Zhu Youpeng has provided the most comprehensive, in-depth and systematic teaching course about Linux. You can search Zhu Youpeng's lecture hall on Internet of Things and watch free videos in official website.

2.VxWorks

VxWorks operating system is an embedded real-time operating system (RTOS) designed and developed by American WindRiver Company in 1983. VxWorks has the following advantages.

Good real-time performance. The overhead of the system itself is very small, and the system public programs such as process scheduling, inter-process communication and interrupt handling are concise and effective, which makes their delay very short. In addition, the multi-task mechanism provided by VxWorks adopts priority preemption and rotation scheduling mechanism to control tasks, which fully guarantees reliable real-time performance.

High reliability, thus ensuring the stability of the user's working environment.

The integrated development environment is complete, powerful and convenient for users to use.

However, because the source code of VxWorks is not open, the update of some of its functions (such as network function module) lags behind. The development and use of VxWorks need to pay a high patent fee, which greatly increases the cost of user development.

3.QNX

QNX is developed by QNX Software System Co., Ltd. in Canada, and is widely used in mission-critical application fields such as automation, control, robotics, telecommunications, data communication, aerospace, computer network systems, medical instruments and equipment, transportation, security and defense systems, POS machines and retail machines.

QNX's unique microkernel and message structure make it very convenient to run and develop. QNX is very extensible, and users can directly compile the application code and QNX kernel together to generate a single image for a simple embedded application.

4.Windows CE (recommended course: Windows CE system customization and driver development training course)

Windows CE is an open and upgradeable 32-bit embedded operating system developed by Microsoft, and it is an electronic device operating system based on PDA. The graphical user interface of Windows CE is excellent. Windows CE is modular, structured, Win32-based and processor-independent.

Windows CE inherits the traditional graphical interface of Windows. Users can use programming tools on Windows 95/98 (such as Visual Basic, Visual C++, etc.). ) On the platform of Windows CE, we use the same function and the same interface style. Most application software on Windows can continue to be used on Windows CE platform with simple modification and transplantation. However, the development platform of Windows CE is expensive, which limits its development to some extent.

5.Palm operating system

Palm OS has a huge user base in PDA field, which once occupied more than 90% market share of PDA operating system. The most obvious feature of Plam OS is its simplicity, its kernel is only a few thousand bytes, and users can easily develop and customize it, which has strong operability.

6.C/OS

Open source code, clear code structure, detailed comments, clear organization, good portability, and short and pithy system are the first choice for learning and studying real-time operating systems, but they are rarely used in engineering applications.

Hope to adopt ~